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The Scotch-Irish in America. 






PROCEEDINGS AND ADDRESSES 



OF THB 



SIXTH CONGRESS, 



AT 



DES MOINES, lA., JUNE 7-10, 1894 



PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF 

The Scotch-Irish Society of America, 



Nashville, Tbnn.: 
Barbee & Smith, Agents. 






^a 



cjopyright, 1894. 
Scotch-Irish Society of Ambbica. 



CONTENTS OF VOLUME VL 



PART I. 

Frontispibcb— Engrayinq of Ck>L. A. K. McGlubi. Faob.- 

Officebs of the Society • ••• 1 

Executive Comhitteb 8 

LiFB Members 4 

CONSTITXTTION AND By-LAW8 5 

cohmittbeb of the local organization • 

Contributors to the Expense Fund ••»••• 11 

The Sixth Congress. By A. C. Floyd 18 

PJtOCSBDINGS. 

First Session of the Congbbbs. 

Opening exercises • ••••• 20^ 

Judge Casaday's introduction of CoL Soott 21 

Col. John Scott's address of welcome 21 

Mayor Hillis's address of welcome 24 

Mr. Henry Wallace's introduction of Gov. Jackson. 29 

Grov. Jackson's address of welcome . . 30 

Presentation of gavel to President Bonner 88 

President Bonner's response 33 

Mr. Henry Wallace's address 86 

Dr. Howard A. Johnston's address 89 

Second Session of the Congress. 

Devotional exercises 42 

President Bonner's introduction of Judge John M. Scott 48 

President Bonner's introduction of Mr. James Wilson 44 

Mr. James Wilson's address 44 

Nomination of new members 48 

Kequisites for membership explained by Dr. John S. Macintosh 49 

Business Meeting. 

Devotional exercises 62 

Report of the Executive Committee, including financial statement. . 53 

Special report in regard to Dr. Macintosh's resignation 57 

Appointment of Committee on Nominations 57 

Dr. Macintosh's remarks concerning his resignation and the needs of 

the Society 57 

Report of the Committee on Nominations 60 

Resolution to appoint a Committee on Ways and Means 61 

Report of Auditing Committee 62 

Mr. Frey states how President Bonner and Mr. Mcllhenny paid the 

Society's debt 02 

(iii.) 



IV. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Third Session op the Conorkss. Pack. 

Devotional exercises 62 

President Bonner's introduction of CJol. Keatley 63 

Col. Keatley's introductory remarks 63 

Dr. J. W. Hamilton introduced by President Bonner 66 

Dr. Hamilton's introductory remarks 66 

Dr. John Hall's address 67 

Dr. Howard A. Johnston's remarks before reading Dr. Gray's paper.. 71 

Fourth Session of the Congress. 

Devotional exercises 72 

Dr. Magoon introduced by President Bonner 73 

Dr. Magoon's address 74 

President Bonner's introduction of Dr. J. 0. Stevenson 78 

Introductory remarks of Dr. Stevenson 78 

Nominations to membership 78 

Mr. James Finlay 's paper presented by Mr. Wallace ^81 

Hon. R. G. Cousin's letter 81 

Fifth and Last Session op the Congress. 

Devotional exercises 84 

Hon. John A. Kasson introduced by President Bonner 84 

Mr. Kasson's introductory ren^arks 85 

President Bonner's introduction of Dr. Macintosh 85 

Report of Committeee on Resolutions 86 

Report of Committee on Ways and Means 87 

Presentation of cane to President Bonner by Mr. Wallace in behalf 

of the people of Iowa 88 

President Bonner's response 89 

Benediction by Dr. Hall 89 

PART II. 
Addresses: 

By Ex-Chief Justice of Illinois, Hon. John M. Scott, of Bloomington, 
III.: "The Influence of the Scotch-Irish in Establishing Courts and ' 
Making Laws in the Old Northwest "—Explanatory remarks— 1775 
to 1818; the beginning of law in judicial decisions; first courts in 
Illinois established by the French, second by the English, followed 
almost immediately by the Americans; tories rigorously punished; 
vigor of the pioneer courts; the ordinance of 1787; pageantry of op- 
ening the first territorial court in 1788; territorial legislation; 
Scotch-Irish people of Southern Illinois formed the first constitu- 
tion. What of the hundred years to come? 93 

By Col. John H. Keatley, of St. Paul, Minn.: " Scotch-Irish Conflicts " 
— ^The orijrinal home of the Scotch-Irish; character of the race; 
their heroism at the siege of Londonderry ; other instances of their / 
courage and devotion to duty; Pennsylvania the peculiar home of 
the 8<^otch-Irish ; how they distributed themselves in the State; 
first in the advocacv and establishment of free schools: their pa- 

J 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. V. 

Paok. 
triotiam and achievements during the Revolutionary War; their 
connection with the Whisky Rebellion; their leadership during 
the Civil War 103 

By Dr. W. C. Gray, Editor Interior, Chicago: " How God Made the 
Scotch-Irish "— Characteristics of a race presented by its name; 
the Scotch-Irish identified by a series of negations; always there 
and always on top; never fight any people unless they can get at ^ 
them ; recollections of the race in Southwestern Ohio; multiplicity 
and fierceness of sects ; given to fighting and praying; wonderfully 
prolific; always prosperous; made good whisky, but converted in 
their belief, became strongest temperance advocates ; remarkable 
spectacle at present in Ireland; when God made the Scotch-Irish 
he put a bone in them which never lets the knee bend except to 
him. God's blessing on them ! : 114 

By Rev. J. O. Stevenson, D.D., Waterloo, la.: "Celtic Christianity" — 
Migration of the Celts from Central Asia; their early history in 
Europe; Ireland and the Highlands of Scotland never conquered 
by the Romans; origin of the name '^Scotch;" for centuries peo. 
pie of both Ireland and Scotland the same in &ct and name ; mi- ^ 
gration finally mainly from Scotland to Ireland ; held too strongly 
to the tribal system ; the Celt as a spiritual power in Europe; Cel- 
tic apostles; Paul their patron saint; Paul's Epistle to the Galatians 
points out Celtic fickleness; Celtic influence converted the Em- 
peror Con^tantine and the Roman Empire to Christianity; St. Pat- 
rick's missionary work ; other Celtic missionaries ; Celtic mission- 
ary romance; Celtic Protestantism ; the Celt holds in his hands the 
links which may yet unite Catholicism and Protestantism 119 

By Hon. John A. Kasson: "The Duty of Ulstermen in America'* — 
Early history of Ulster; Scotch colonization; emigration of the 
Ulstermen to America; hereditary right to membership; good 
work of the Society ; responsibility of kinj?8 to their subjects urged t 
first by the Scotch; the present and future to be considered by ' 
the Society; separate spheres for Church and State; free public/ 
schools the life of our Republic; citizenship and naturalization; the 
new foreign invasion; the law-abiding American laborer no more on 
top; the newcomers seek advantage for themselves alone; despot- 
ism of walking delegates ; how the dignity of labor could be re- 
stored ; a new " covenant " needed to secure the rights we already 
have; the time has come when there will be two parties, the party 
of law and order and the party of disorder. The Scotch-Irish must 
be found in the party of good government 130 

By Dr. John S. Macintosh: " What America Has Done for Ulster- 
men " — Tribute to Hon. John A. Kasson; America gave the Scotch- 
Irish the opportunity ; picture of an Irish tenant ruined by a raise 
in his rent; his emigration to the United States and subsequent 
prosperity ; Foley's Ruth used as an illustration ; how the Scotch- 
Irish can repay America for what she has done for them 150 

3y Mr. James Finlay : " Leaves from the Dawn of Cettic History "— 



Vi. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Tendency of the American people to trace oat and valne good ped- 
igree; the Scotch the only people whom th^ Romans could not con- 
quer; they were prevented hy the courage and skill of the Gelto- 
Milesian generals; Aryan origin of ^'£rin;'' the Celts visited 
England and Scotland before coming to Ireland; Agricola's &lse 

dispatches; the word ** Scot" derived from Scythian 157 

By Howe: "The Fighting McCkx)ks; Belong to Two Families," Nine 
in one family and five in the other, ^11 of them except one com- 
missioned officers in the war of the rebellion ; Tke Daniel McCook 
Branch; the servicrea and death of the head of the family ; charac- 
ter of Mrs. McCook; sketch of each of the nine sons; the John 
McCook Branch; sketch of the life and character of Dr. McCook; 
his wife a woman of rare culture ; careers of the five sons ; an ex- 
traordinary record in war and in peace 161 

By Judge P. M. Caaady: " The Scotch-Irish of Polk County, Iowa"— 
Col. Jamee Allen; William McHenry; Ferdinand McKay ; Alexan- 
der Williams; Judge John Mitchell; John D. McGlothlin; Judge 

William McKay; Hon. T. C. McCall 172 

Closing Exeecises of the Congress. 

Services opened by Dr. McCaughan 182 

Psalm xxiii. Bung by the choir 182 

Readhig of scripture by Prof. Macloskie 182 

Prayer by Rev. J. 0. Stevenson, D.D 182 

Psalm xlvi. read and expounded by Dr. John S. Macintosh 183 

Prayer by Dr. McClelland 187 

Dr. John Hall's sermon 187 

Singing of Psalm xci., led by Dr. McConnell 194 

Benediction by Rev. James Small 195 

The Kentucky State Society 196 

Description of an entertainment given ita members by Mr. and Mrs. 

Henry at their country home near Louisville, Ky 196 

"The Carlisles; " sketch of a typical Scotch-Irish family of Ohio.. . . 199 

In {dEMORIAM. 

Gen. W. H. Gibson 208 

Judge J. W. McDill 205 

Judge James D. Armstrong 206 

Alexander Montgomery 209 

AVilliam Robert Lamberton 210* 

Dr. George W. McConnell 212 

Eliza Bonar McConnell 212 

Rev. William Blackwood, D.D., LL.D 212 

Mr. Matthew Henderson 21 2 

Mr. Allen H. Dickson 212 

Tally R. Cornick, Sr 212 

Samuel Kerr 212 

Bryce Stewart 212 

Miss Margaretta S. KIder 21 2" 

Dr. Joseph Workman 21ti 



f 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vll. 

XisT OF Members. Paob. 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Amenca 213 

Supplemental List of Members. 287 

The Scotch-Irish Society of California 301 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Pennsylvania. 306 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Alabama 312 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Kentucky 313 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Atlanta 315 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Georgia 318 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Tennessee 318 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Virginia 320 

The Scotch-Irish Society of North Carolina 321 

The Scotch-Irish Society of Iowa 321 

'Contents op Volume 1 323 

•Contents of Volume II 324 

-Contents of Volume III 325 

Contents of Volume IV 326 

Contents of Volume V 328 



THE SCOTCH -IRISH IN AMERICA. 



PART I. 



oii^FICBRS OF THE SCOTCH-IRISH SOCIETY OF AMERICA. 



President, 
BoBERT Bonner, New York City. 

Vice President General. 
Bey. Jofin S. Macintosh, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. 

First Vice President at Large. 
T. T. Wright, Nashville, Tenn. 

Second Vice President at Large. 
Bbv. J. H. Bryson, D.D., Huntsville, Ala. 

Seo'etary. 
A. C. Floyd, Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Treasurer. 
John MgIlhenny, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Vice Presidents for States and Territories. 
Massachusetts. — Prof. A. L. Perry, Williams College, Williamstown. 
Connecticut — Hon. D. S. Calhoun, Hartford. 
New York. — Dr. John Hall, New York City. 
Pennsylvania. — Col. A. K. McClure, Philadelphia. 
New Jersey. — Hon. Thomas N. McCarter, Newark. 

(1) 



2 THE SCOTCfl-IlilSH IN AMERICA. 

Ohio. — Hon. W. H. Hunter, Steubenville. 

Illinois, — Hon. J. M. Scott, Bloomington. ^ 

Iowa. — Hon. P. M. Cassady, Des Moines. 

Florida. — Dr. George Troup Maxwell, Jacksonville. 

Alabama. — Irwin Chaiqhead, Mobile. 

Michigan. — Hon. B. M. Cutohbon, Grand Eapida. 

Texas. — Hon. Oran M. Eoberts, Houston. 

Minnesota. — S. J. K. McMillan, St. Paul. 

Maine. — Hon. Josiah H. Drummond, Portland. 

Indiana. — ^Hon. J. B. White, Fort Wayne. 

Nebraska. — Hon. W. H. Alexander, Omaha. 

California. — Rev. Frank P. Thompson, Redwood. 

Virginia. — Hon. William Wirt Henry, Richmond. 

West Virginia. — ^Mr. James Archer, of Brooke County; post 

office Steubenville, O. 
North Carolina. — Hon. S. B. Alexander, Charlotte. 
Georgia. — Col. G. W. Adair, Atlanta. 
Mississippi. — Rt. Rev. Hugh Miller Thompson, Jackson. 
Louisiana. — Hon. William Preston Johnston, New Orleans. 
Tennessee. — ^Mr. A. G. Adams, Nashville. 
Kentucky. — Dr. Hervey McDowell, Cynthiana. 
Oregon. — ^Rev. Thomas McClelland, Forest Grove. 
Can>ada. — Rev. Stuart Acheson, Toronto. 
Ontario^ Canada. — ^Hon. A. T. Wood. Hamilton. 

State Secretaries. 

New Jersey, — ^Prof. George Macloskie, Princeton. 
Kentucky. — Helm Bruce, Louisville. 
i'exas. — W. Hugh Hunter, Dallas. 
Iowa. — Mb. W. H. Fleming, Des Moines. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

iloBERT Bonner, President. 

Dr. John S. MacIntosh, Vice President General, 

^ ^ ^ ) ex officio members. 

A. C. Floyd, Secretary, 

John McIlhenny, Treasurer. 

Prof. George Macloskie, Princeton, N". J. 

Mr. Henry Wallace, Des Moines, la. 

Dr. John W. Dinsmore, San Jose, CaL 

Dr. J. H. Bryson, Huntsville, Ala. 

Dr. Eobert Pillow, Columbia, TeniL 

Mr. Helm Bruob, Louisville, Ey. 

.Mr. W, Hugh Hunteb, Dallas, Tex. 



LIFE MEMBERS. 

Mb. Robert Bonner, Now York City. 

Rev. Dr. John Hall, New York City. 

Hon. a. T. Wood, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 

Prop. A. L. Perry, Williamstown, Mass. 

Col. W. a. Herron, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Dr. William C. Shaw, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Mr. J. Kino'McLanahan, Hollidaysburg, Pa. 

Mr. a. G. Adams, Nashville, Tenn. 

Rev. John S. Macintosh, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Prof. Gteorqe Macloskie, Princeton, N. J. 

Col. Thomas T. Wright, Nashville, Tenn. 

(4) 



CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS AS AMENDED AND 

ADOPTED AT PITTSBURG. 

« 

Constitution. 

Article i. 

The name of this Associatiou shall be the Scotch-Irish Society of 

America. 

Article 11. • 

The purposes of this Society are the preservation of Scotch-Irish 
history and associations, the increase and diffusion of knowledge re- 
garding the Scotch-Irish people, the keeping alive of the characterise 
tic qualities and sentiments of the mce, the promotion of intelligent 
patriotism, and the development of social intercourse and fraternal 

feeling. 

Article IIL 

Any person above the age of twenty-one years, who is of Scotch- 
Irish descent, shall be eligible to membership in this Society. 

Artide IV. 

The officers of the Society shall be a President, Vice President 
General, two Vice Presidents at large, a Secretary and a Treasurer, 
with Vice Presidents for each State, Territory, and Province, and the 
District of Columbia. 

Article V, 

The President, Vice President General, Vice Presidents at large, 
Secretary and Treasurer, shall be elected by ballot atf the annual ses- 
sions of the Congress. The Vice Presidents for the Sta&s, Territories 
and Provinces, and the aforesaid District, shall be chosen in such man- 
ner as each Congress shall direct. 

Article ri * 

There shall be a National Council of the Society, composed of 
the officers named in Article IV. 

Article VIL 

During the Congress at which their terms of office begin, the Na- 
tional Council shall choose an Executive Committee, to consist of the 
President. Vice President General, Secretary and Treasurer, and seven 

other members of the Society. 

5 



6 THE BC0TCH-IBI8H IN AMEBIOA. 

Article VIIL 

The annual Congress of the Society shall be held ar such time- 
and place as may be determined by the Executive Committee. 

Article IX, 

This Constitution may be altered, amended or repealed only by a 
majority vote of the members of the Association present and voting 
at the annual Congress, or at a special meeting called for that purpose 
after twenty days' notice in writing to the members. 

Article X. 

The Executive Committe shall have authority to establish by-laws, 
rules and regulations for the government of the Society, subject to the 
revision of the annual Congress. 

By-Laws. 

Section L 

1. Any person eligible to membership may send his application to 
the Secretary with suitable reference and annual dues, and, upon a 
favorable report of the Membership Committee, shall become a mem- 
ber of the Society. 

'2. The annual dues up to January 1, 1891, shall be $2.00, but 
thereafter shall be $3.00, for which each member shall be entitled to 
the annual volume and other publications of the Society. 

3. The payment at one time of $100.00 shall constitute a life 
member, who shall be exempted from all annual dues. 

4. The financial year of the Society shall end the 31st day of 
March of every year. Any member whose subscription shall remain 
unpaid at that date, no satisfactory explanation being given, may bo 
dropped from the roll after thirty days' notice. Such men^bers shall 
be restored upon fresh application and the payment of all sums duo 

the Society. 

5. The Executive Committee may, by a two-thirds vote of their 
number, suspend for just cause, or remove altogether any person from 
the roll of the Society. 

Section II, 

1. A majority of the members who shall have reported their ar- 
rival to the proper officer at the place of meeting, shall constitute a. 
quorum for the transaction of the business of the Congress. 



CONSTITUTION AND BT-LAW& 7 

Section III, 

1. The President, or, in his absence, one of the national Vice 
Presidents, in the order named, shall preside at all meetings; but 
should all these officers be absent, or from any reason be unable to act, 
a Chairman shall be chosen for the special occasion. 

2. The Vice President Qeneral shall be especially charged with 
the duty of extending the membership and influence of the Society, 
and organizing branch Societies under the direction of the Executive 
Committee. 

3. The Vice Presidents at large shall assist the Vice President 
General in the discharge of his duties, and co-operate with the Secre- 
tary and Treasurer to the utmost of their ability in the fulfillment of 
their respective duties. 

4. The Vice Presidents for States, Territories and Provinces shall 
act as the official heads and representatives of the Society in their re- 
spective territories, and shall use their official influence in furthering 
its interests therein. 

5. The Secretary shall keep an accurate roll of the members of 
the Society ; preserve a record of all its proceedings ; conduct its gen- 
eral correspondence ; collect its funds ; keep its seal and valuable pa- 
pers ; preseut at each Congress a necrological report, and see that its 
orders are properly carried out. His salary shall be fixed each year 
by the Executive Committee. 

6. The Treasurer shall have custody of the funds of the Society ; 
they shall bo deposited in some bank to the credit of the Society, and 
shall be drawn thence only on the Treasurer's check for purposes of 
the Society. Out of these funds he shall pay such sums as may be 
ordered by the Congress or the Executive Committee. He shall keep 
a true account of receipts and expenditures, and render report of the 
same at each annual meeting of the Congress, when his accounts shall 
be audited by a committee appointed for that purpose. 

Section IV. 

The Executive Committee shall carefully carry out all the direc- 
tions issued by the Congress ; they shall have full powers in the afllurs 
of the Society, not disposed of at the annual meeting; they shall ap- 
point whatever committees deemed necessary ; they shall, in conjunc- 
tion with the Vice Presidents for the States and Territories, and also 
with the Secretaries of branch organizations, industriously seek out 
and carefully preserve all historical materials interesting and valuable 



8 THE SC0TCH-IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

to our Society, and, so far as ability and means will allow, spread 
information concerning the past achievements and present aims and 
condition of the Scotch-Irish race. 

Section F. 

1. Branch organizations whose objects are in harmony with 
those of this Society may become and remain affiliated with the 
same by the annual payment of one dollar for each paying member 
of said branch association. 

2. Installments of this sum may be sent at any time by said 
branch organization to the Secretary of this Society, who shall at 
once forward for every dollar so paid one of our annual volumes to 
such persons as said branch society may designate. 

3. Such branch organizations shall each year furnish a list of 
their paid-up members to the Seci'eta/y of this Society before the 
annual Congress, and this shall constitute the basis of representation. 

4. Every branch organization complying with the foregoing 
conditions shall be entitled to one delegate in the annual Congress 
for every five of its paid-up members. 

Section VL 

No official correspondence shall be carried on nor any invita- 
tions issued on behalf of the Society except through the regular 
officers or the Executive Committee of the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America. 



€OMMITTEBS OP THE LOCAL OEGANIZATION HOLDING 
THE SCOTCH-IEISH CONGEBSS IN DES MOINES. 



EXBCUTIVB AND INVITATION COMMITTEE. 
P. M. CaSADT, S. J. LOUGHRAN, 

Dr. jr. W. Chapman, Georqb C. Boaas, 

W. H. Fleming. 

FINANCE COMMITTEE. 

J. J. Williams, Bobert Fullerton, 

J. M. Orrib, Barlow Granger, 

Amos Brandt. 

committee on social reception. 

Mrs. George W. Ogilvie, Mrs. John Scott, 

Mrs. Henry Wallace, Mrs. Simon Casadt, 

Mrs. J. J. Hamilton, Mks. William Hoffman, 

Mi8s Nellie Stark, Mrs. A. E. McMurrat, 

Mrs. Rufus Blair, Mrs. S. A. Eobertson, 

Mrs. J. B. Hatch, Mrs. D. B. Patterson, 

Mrs. M. L. Brown, Mrs. J. E. Day, 

Miss M. A. Presslet, Mrs. J. H. Wyman, 

Mrs. a. E. Stewart, Miss Clara Fleming, 

Mrs. M. E. Boggs, Mrs. Lafe Young. 

committee on speakers. 
Henry Wallace, Dr. Woods Hutchinson, 

Barlow Granger, J. J. Hamilton. 

ministerial committee. 

Eev. W. T. McConnell, Eev. W. H. Patterson, 

Eev. W. J. Young, Dr. H. M. Eobertson. 

COMMITTEE ON VOCAL MUSIC. 

Miss Josephine Wallace, Mrs. W. J. Young, 

Miss Ida Williams, Miss Sara Polk, 

Miss Kittie Chapman. 

committee on instrumental music. 
The State Executive Committee. 

(9) 



10 THE SGOTOH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION. 
GrEORGE C. BOOGS, J. S. PoLK, 

N. M. Hubbard, Col. A. H. McYbt, 

John E. Rollins. 

committee on halls and decorations. 
R T. Campbell, J. B. Hatch, 

Rupus Blair, A. K. Stewart, 

Mrs. a. K. Campbell, . Mrs. J. M. Orris. 

COMMITTEE ON PRESS AND PRINTING. 

Lafe Young, J. J. Hamilton, 

Col. John H. Eeatlet, W. M. MgFarland^ 

0. S. "Wilson. 

committee on hotels. 
Barlow Granger, D. D. Fleming^ 

H. D. Cope, Isaac Brandt, 

D. B. Patterson. 

COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGES. 

Dr. Woods Hutchinson, J. B. Hatch. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE EXPENSE FUND. 



Tne following citizens of Dea 
the expense of entertaining the 

P. M, Casady, 
Macartney & Sons, 
Henry Wallace, 
Robert Fullerton, 
J. J. Williams, 
James Calanan, 
J. S. Polk, 
S. A. Robertson, 
Savery Hotel Co., 
Barlow Granger, 

D. B. Patterson, 
J. M. Orris, 
Amos W. Brandt, 
W. O. Curtis, 
George F. Henry, 
Hoyt Sherman, 
Carroll Wright, 
W.W.Phillips, 
William Montgomery, 
W. G. Reid, 

C. A. Dudley, 
Stephen F. Bullist^ 
C. P. Holmes, 
W. F. Conrad, 
W. A. Spurrier, 
William Meesson, 

E. E. Clark, 
John L. Wright, 
S. Harbach, 
Martin Flynn, 
Soules & Fleming, 
S. J. Wells, 

C. H. Gatch, 



Moines and vicinity contributed to 
sixth Congress: 

J. D. Seedburger, 

J. K. and W. H. Gilcrest^ 

McFarlin Grain Co., 

B. A. Lockwood, 

W. M. McCain, 

William Kennedy, 

E. Martindale, 
J. H. Windson, 
Ingalls, Chapman & Oc^ 
R. A. Patchin, 
Columbus Buggy Co., 

S. W. Hazard, 
J. J. Towne, 
George Wright, Jr., 
William McHenry, 
Chase & West, 
Perkins & Bursmaid, 
D. F. Wilter, 
W. E. Coffin, 
J. H. Blaine, 
T. A. Harding, 
James M. McCaughn, 
J. R, Bareaft, 
Bowen, Regur & Co., 

F. M. Hubbell, 
J. B. Stewart, 
D. D. Fleming, 
McRae Bros., 
James G. Buryhill, 
Sidney A. Foster, 
William M. Wilcoxen, 
Joseph McGanaugh, 
George G. Wright, 

(11) 



12 



THE 8C0T0H-IBISH IN AMERICA. 



R. L. Blair, 
B. C. Finkbine, 
D. R Bwing, 
Ledner, Strauss & Co., 
P. C. Kenyon, 
G. W. Marquardt, 
D. Evans, 
Henry Plumb, 
J. H. Phillips, 
W. B. Cless, 
Carter & Hussey, 
Robert Dempster, 
Charles W. Rogg, 



A. B. Cummins, 
John Mc Vicar, 
H. G. McBldery, 
W. W. Wise, 

J. G. Wilkin, 
Bd Wright, 
George H. Lewis, 
Otis G. Love, 

B. R. Clapp, 
L. M. Mann, 
E. G. Pratt, 
Thomas Hatton, 
Younker Bros. 



THE SIXTH CONGRESS. 



BY A. C. FLOYD. 



The bbjects of the Scotch-Irish Society of America are both- 
historical and social. Its annual Congresses are designed to 
bring the people of this blood from all parts of America into 
closer personal relations, and at the same time to gather 
materials for a complete history of the race. 

It was evident from the beginning that this double purpose 
could best be subserved by holding annual meetings in the 
various sections of the country where the Scotch-Irish consti- 
tute a strong element of the population, and where the people 
are desirous of entertaining the Congress. 

Naturally during the first years of the Society's life it was 
thought best to meet in localities where the race is strongest in 
numbers and influence. For this reason chiefly, Columbia, 
Tenn., was chosen as the place for the mass meeting of the race, 
at which the Society was organized and largely on the same ac- 
count successive Congresses were held at Pittsburg, Louisville, 
Atlanta, and Springfield, O. These cities are the centers around 
which is settled a larger percentage of the race than any other 
places in the United States. 

A desire to arouse a similar interest among the Scotch-Irish 
of the Northwest led certain prominent members of the Society 
in Iowa to extend to our Congress at Atlanta an invitation to 
hold our fifth Congress in Des Moines. 

Foremost in creating the sentiment which resulted in this in- 
vitation was Hon. P. M. Casady, who was our first member, and 
who has been our honored Vice President for his State almost 
from the time he joined our ranks. Mr. Casady was one of the 
pioneers of Iowa, going there in the days of the Indian and the 
buffalo. During the forty years which have elapsed since then 
he has been prominently identified with all that has been proud- 
est and most honorable in the marvelous growth of his city and 
State. 

(13) 



14 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

It is not strange that a man so beloved and so respected should 
find little difl&culty in inspiring others with his racial pride and 
-enthusiasm. One of the first whose interest he enlisted was 
Mr. Henry Wallace, editor of the Iowa Homestead^ the most ad- 
mirable and influential agricultural paper west of the Missis- 
sippi Eiver. 

Gifted no less with tongue than pen, Mr. Wallace was selected 
to present the invitations of the Iowa people at our Atlanta 
Congress, and again at Springfield. Associated with him as the 
representatives of the ministerial and other organizations, were 
Eev. W. T. McConnell, at Atlanta, and Eev. Dr. Howard A. 
Johnston, at Springfield. 

The eloquent arguments of these gentlemen in behalf of 
Des Moines on the two occasions mentioned may be seen by 
reference to their addresses, published in our fourth and fifth 
volumes. Supported as they were by the invitations of the 
Governor of Iowa and his cabinet, the Senators and Represent- 
atives in Congress from that State, and other officers holding 
the highest positions of honor and trust in the commonwealth 
and the municipality of Des Moines, besides the most powerful 
civic and religious association; their invitation could scancely 
have been declined on any grounds. Aside from this, however, 
the Executive Committee, to whom the choice of place is always 
referred, felt that the sixth Congress should be held north of 
the Ohio Biver, three of the five previous gatherings having 
assembled in the South, and two in the North. 

They were naturally inclined to Des Moines, because it is not 
only in the north, but west of the Mississippi Eiver. As we 
had never gone west of the Father of Waters, the work of the 
Society had not been brought home to the people of the vast 
territory beyond it. Though the population of that section is 
not so distinctively Scotch-Irish as in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and 
certain parts of the South, where we had before assembled, yet 
even in the West no other nationality has produced so many 
leading men. 

This is conclusively shown by the papers in this and former 
volumes relating to the Ulster stock who have made their 
homes in this beautiful prairie land. Nowhere else is this fact 
more strikingly shown than in the admirable paper of Mr. 
Henry Wallace, on the Scotch-Irish of Iowa, published in our 



k 



THE SIXTH CONGRESS. 15 

fourth volume. After proving that from the pioneer days most 
of the Governors, Judges, and other high officers of Iowa have 
been of Scotch-Irish extraction, he says: "If anything further 
were needed to show the potent influence of the Scotch -Irish 
blood in Iowa affairs, it is only necessary to state that the pres- 
ent Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Treasurer of 
State, Attorney General, one of the Bailroad Commissioners (last 
year two), and one or more of the Judges of the Supreme 
Ck)urt have all more or less Scotch-Irish blood in their veins. 
In fact, it is an open question whether there are not as many 
peopJe of Scotch-Irish blood in Iowa to-day as there are 
Scotch-Irishmen in Ulster itself." 

The valuable historical truths thu^ for the tirst time brought 
to light by Mr. Wallace and others, and presented to the public 
attention, were astonishing even to those best acquainted with 
racial subjects. As in other sections to which the influence of 
our Society has extended, it stimulated a spirit of genealogical 
research, and the result was that by the time our Congress as- 
sembled at Des Moines, it was wonderful to see how many peo- 
ple who had never thouglit of it before had discovered that they 
were of Scotch-Irish blood, and that it was a proud distinction 
io have such a lineage. 

The interest excited was due for the most part to the intelli- 
gent and energetic manner in which the local committees had 
brought the Society and its work to the knowledge of the pub- 
lic through the press and by means of private correspondence. 
As the first means to this end, a State Society had been organ- 
ized over two years previous to the Congress and it had a con- 
siderable enrollment of members even before the invitation was 
extended us at Atlanta, and is now in a very flourishing condi- 
tion. Its President is Col. John Scott, of Nevada, la. A 
^better man for the position could not have been selected. One 
of the pioneers, he has always been a leader in the affairs of 
ihe State, both in war and peace. Few men in Iowa have such 
a wide acquaintance or such great influence in her councils. 

Mr. Casady, Mr. Wallace, Col. Scott, Mr. D. B. Patterson, 
the active and efficient Secretary of the Scotch-Irish Society of 
Iowa, took the initiative in the preliminary arrangements for 
the Congress. Through thair efforts the local committees of 
arrangement were organized. 



16 THE SCOTCH-IRISH tN AMERICA, 

The names of all the ladies and gentlemen composing these 
committees are published on pages preceding this article, and 
to one and all of them the Society is indebted for splendid 
work in our behalf. Among those to whom expressions of ap- 
preciation should be tendered for especially active work, are 
Hon. Jefferson S. Polk, of the Committee on Transportation, 
upon whom devolved a heavy burden of correspondence; and 
Dr. Woods Hutchinson, the distinguished young physician who 
took the most active part in providing for the entertainment of 
visitors; Col. Barlow Granger, the veteran journalist, Chairman of 
the Committee on Hotels; Mrs. Henry Wallace, and Mrs. Simon 
Casady, of the Committee on Social Keception ; Mr. J. J. Wil- 
liams, Chairman of the Committee on Finance; Capt. W. H. 
Fleming, State Secretary of the National Society in Iowa; Rev. 
W. T. McConnell, Chairman of the Ministerial Association; 
Miss Josephine Wallace, head of the Committee on V^ocal 
Music; and other chairmen of committees. 

The Savery House, one of the best hotels in the city, was the 
Society's headquarters, and within its capacious walls were 
gathered the oflScers and a majority ot the visiting members. 
The morning exercises of the Congress were held in the audito- 
rium of the Young Men's Christian Association building, only 
one block from the hotel. Here the Congress assembled for 
the first time on the morning of June 7, and began the i)roceed- 
ings which are set forth at length in this volume. The hall 
was appropriately decorated with the national colors, and was 
filled at each meeting with highly intelligent and interested 
audiences. 

The evening meetings were held in the Christian Church, the 
Young Men's Christian Association hall not being large enough 
for the accommodation of the audiences at those times. It 
proved to be one of the largest auditoriums in which our Socie- 
ty has ever met. The music for the entire occasion was fur- 
nished by Mrs. Weber and her choir of singers, supplemented 
by the beautiful violin solos of Miss Clara Bell Scott, the piano 
accompaniments being rendered by Miss Mary Stevenson. The 
music consisted principally of the touching old Scotch and Irish 
songs, and was intensely enjoyed. At none of our previous 
gatherings has this part of the programme been better adapted 
to tlie occasion. 



THE SIXTH CONGRESS. 17 

The afternoon of the first day of the Congress was made 
memorable by a delightful drive through the beautiful city in 
carriages furnished by the hospitable residents of Des Moines, 
who themselves accompanied the visitors. 

Many of the principal points of interest were visited; among 
them being the Highland Park Normal College and Drake 
University. At the former place the procession halted, and 
those composing it were ushered into the spacious chapel, where 
more than a thousand pupils greeted them. An address of 
welcome was deliverejd by President Longwell, to which there 
were responses by Mr. Bobert Bonner, President of the Socie- 
ty, Dr. John Hall, Dr. John S. Macintosh, Prof. George Ma- 
closkie, and others. The short speeches delivered here were 
among the happiest of the whole occasion. The hour being 
late when the visit was made to Drake University, the exercises 
were not so elaborate there, but were equally as pleasant. 

On the evening of the same day, a reception was tendered by 
the Scotch-Irish people of Des Moines to their visitors at the 
Kirkwood Hotel. A more elegant and enjoyable entertainment 
has never been given the Congress. The following brief 
description clipped from the Des Moines Daily News will give 
some idea of the event: 

The reception given the members of the Congress at the Kirkwood attracted 
together several hundred of the prominent men and women of the city, who 
took this opportunity of meeting and shaking hands with such distinguished 
gentlemen as Robert Bonner, Dr. Hamilton, Dr. Hall, Dr. Macloskie, and Dr. 
Macintosh, not to mention Iowa's John A. Kasson. A very cordial spirit 
prevailed, and the guests were made to feel thoroughly at home. The hotel 
lobbies were decorated with the national colors. After a collation. Mr. Hen- 
ry Wallace presided for half an hour over the feast of reason arranged for. 
Maj. £. H. Ck)nger, ex-Minister to Brazil, spoke for Des Moines as a city oi 
homes and Iowa as a patriotic State. Mr. Johnson Brigham, editor of the 
Midland Monthly f toasted the literary development of the State, mentioning 
some of its distinguished workers in the domain of letters. Prof. Macloskie 
appealed to lowans to do their fighting in Scotch-Irish fashion about impor- 
tant things, and urged education as the cure for existing political abuses. 
Lafayette Young was introduced as *' a spell-binder," and proved it by a 
clever talk, closing with a handsome eulogy on Robert Bonner. Miss Jose- 
phine Wallace and Mrs. H. W. Weber pang two beautiful Scotch songs. 

A visit to the State Capitol was made on Saturday afternoon 
npon the invitation of Gov. Jackson. The visitors were escort- 
ed by Hon. Isaac L. Hillis, Mayor of the city, whose courtesy 



18 THE SG0TCH-IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

to US was nntiring throughout the meeting. This magsificeni 
building of state is one of the finest and most perfectly ap- 
pointed of its kind in the world. 

The delegates were received by Gov. Jackson in the sumptu- 
ous gubernatorial parlors, and conducted by him and other 
State officers through the entire building, in which it is the 
boast of lowans that there is not a dishonest stone. 

Though an unusual drought was prevailing, the weather was 
fine during our stay and the marvelous fertility of the State was 
a revelation to those who for the first time saw it. 

The unusual business depression and the distance of Des 
Moines from the Scotch-Irish centers prevented the attendance 
from being as large as it otherwise would have been^ but in all 
other essentials the Society has never held a more successful 
meeting. Certainly we can never expect or wish to be more 
heartily welcomed or more splendidly entertained. 

A considerable number of new members were added at Des 
Moines, and others have joined since, as the outgrowth of the 
interest which the meeting there aroused. It is only by means 
of keeping alive such interest year in and year out that our 
Society has hoped or can reasonably hope to continue its excel- 
lent work. Scotch-Irish persistence has never failed to accom- 
plish any other undertaking in which it has been enlisted. It 
would be passing strange, therefore, if the members of the So- 
ciety did not keep up their interest and did not constantly work 
to increase its membership and its influence. It has been an 
unceasing effort of the officers of the Society to impress upon 
every member when he joins that the permanent success of the 
organization and the continuance of its grand work depends on 
his active assistance in procuring new members from among 
his friends and acquaintances, and in spreading a knowledge of 
our existence and purposes. The Society is now free of debt, 
and if its members continue to pay their dues and bring in new 
members to supply the places of those lost by death and other 
causes, as they have been doing, our income from regular sources 
will be sufficient to meet our expenses. Our publications 
are the only distinctive sources of Scotch-Irish history, and 
they are sought after and quoted as authority by all the histor- 
ical writers of the day, who deal with racial subjects. In this 
respect our Society has been an unqualified success, and its 



THE SIXTH C0NGRKS8. 19 

social benefits have already borne rich fruit, not only in creat- 
ing lasting friendship, but eradicating sectional prejudices. 
^he Society is therefore accomplishing in a most gratifying 
manner the noble purposes for which it was founded. Every 
worthy member of the race should be enrolled in its ranks. 
Let no member of the body rest satisfied until this end is 
reached. 



PROCEEDINGS. 

Thb sixth annual Scotch-Irish Congress was called to order 
at 10 A.M., Thursday, June 7, 1894, in the T. M. C. A. Audi- 
torium, Des Moines, la., by Hon. P. M. Casady, Vice Pres- 
ident in the Society for the State. 

Mr. Casady; 

Leslies and Oentlemen: We wish to carry out a short programme 
before the President of the Scotch-Irish Congress takes his seat The 
first thing in order will be a prayer by Rev. Dr. J. L. Sooy, of the First 
M. E. Church, of this city. 

Dr. Sooy: 

O God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Thou dost by these names- 
stand far away from as ; but God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,, 
by that sweet name Thou dost come down into every home and touch 
every heart And we thank Thee this morning for Thine purchasa- 
bleness through Jesus Christ, for the communion we have with Thee 
in and through Him. And while we have fellowship with Thee, we 
bless Thee that we may have fellowship one with another. Let Thy^ 
rich benediction rest upon' this Congress in its opening session to-day.. 
We come at this time to thank Thee, to bless Thee for the men that 
have stood by the vineyards in their fathers' memory, for the men 
that have kept alive in the nations of men what is due to God. And 
we thank Thee especially this morning for every hint that we have of 
the existence of Thy throne, and especially do we bless Thee for those 
who, in all these ye^rs, have had the courage in the darkness, in the 
midnight, in the storm and tempest to speak out with such unflinching 
words, saying : ** The Lord God Omnipotent reigns." We bless Thee 
for this Scotch-Irish race, the race that has given to this country so 
many of its wisest statesmen, and has filled its pulpits with some of its 
grandest, most eminent divines ; and now we to-day invoke that same 
continuance of Thy blessing upon this people that there may ever be 
the same loyalty to God, the same sturdy trustworthiness, the same un- 
flinching and old-fashioned piety and virtue. As in the past, so in the 
future, O Lord God, may we have that divine power, that orthodoxy,, 
that courage for the faith and the truth which they have ever shown 
(20) 



PROGEEDINQS. 21 

•on the platform, through the press, and in the pulpit. Let Thy bless- 
ing, especially this morning, rest upon the presiding officers and upon 
all these who have come here. May Thy benediction rest so that this 
gathering may be a benediction to this Htate and to the Church of it 
And we pray Thee that Thou wouldst so continue with us that from 
day to day there shalt be felt in these hearts that this city has not only 
extended a welcome, but that here are Thy people. We ask all these 
favors in Christ's name. Amen. 

Mr. Casady: 

We will now be favored with music by the Double Quartet: "Ye 
Bauks and Braes o' Bonnie Doou." 

This beautiful old Scotch ballad was then rendered with 
•excellent efiect. 

Mr. Casady: 

At the time the State organization was made, the persons interested 
looked around to see if they could find a typical Scotch-Irishman to 
preside at that convention. On looking over the list, they selected Col. 
John Scott, of Nevada, thinking he would come up to the standard of 
a typical Scotch-Irishman. I will say the Colonel was a pioueer in 
the State of low i — pioneer in the work of agricultural interests, in 
editing a paper, taking interest in the county, district, and State fairs, 
presiding, I believe, in all of these three — I know as President of the 
State Fair — and taking an active part in the early days, perhaps as 
much as any man in the State, in the early construction of the State, 
in laying the foundation, increasing the improved stock, and in the 
agricultural interests of Iowa. And, furthermore, he is President of 
the Pioneer Lawmakers* Association of the State of Iowa. He has 
served in the Legislature, in the General Assembly as Senator and a 
number of associations, several associations at least, and also as Lieu- 
tenant Governor of the State; and further than that, gentlemen,! will 
;say that he was a soldier in the Mexican war; and in the late civil 
war he also followed the flag, and, I believe, he adopted something 
like this: "May my country be always right; but right or wrong, my 
country." I will now introduce to you Col. Scott as President of the 
State Association, who will give a welcome to the brothers from abroad. 
{Applause.] 

Col. John Scott's Address op Welcome. 

I ask the sympathy of the Scotch-Irish in the embarrassing position 
in which I am placed by the very flowery introduction of the Chair- 



I 



22 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

man of this meeting. As a Scotch-IrishmaD, you know what it is to 
be placed in such a position as that before an audience. 

Mr. Presidenty Officers, Members of the National Association, Ladies 
and Oenilemen: I have but a very brief, although pleasant, duty to 
perform on behalf of the Scotch-Irish Association of this State. It i» 
my pleasant privilege — and I have written what I have to say, Mr. 
President and Mr. Chairman, that I might not be betrayed into garru- 
lousness that sometimes comes to men even younger than myself — 
it is my pleasant privilege, on behalf of the State Society, to greet 
you with words of welcome. Could the inspiration of the occasion find 
even partial utterance, warm and sincere would be the expressions that 
would tell of our gladness at your coming. As his Excellency, the 
Governor, will extend you a welcome on behalf of this great central 
State, and his Honor, the Mayor, will speak to you for this capital 
city and for the hospitalities of her people, it but devolves on me to 
briefly, but most heartily, welcome you to the homes of the Scotch- 
Irish of Iowa — to show you to the cosiest comer near the hearthstone^ 
to seat you in the easy-chair with the softest cushions, to bring you to 
the plain but hospitable board, bounteously supplied through the con- 
tinued blessings of the God whom our fathers devoutly worshiped witb 
enough and to spare of silvery oats and golden corn. 

To these and to our hearts we bid you a Scottish welcome — not m 
** the pride that apes humility," nor with constrained and embarrassing 
apology, but as man to man, as friend to friend, as kin to kin, recog- 
nizing and claiming all there is in the ties of blood, and in what we 
inherit from the glorious deeds and supreme trials of a common an- 
cestry. 

In doing this I would fain tell you, did time and circumstance per- 
mit, something of the wonderful story of these homes — of the days of 
small things, and of the trials of this our so recent pioneer life. Strange 
as it may seem to those who come from an older civilization, it is within 
the experience of some now present to have known this State when it 
was unassigned territory and was the home of the wild Indian. Among 
others, our Chairman (Judge Casady) saw the first stone placed in the 
first foundation laid in this city. Yet in less than half a century from 
that date these now look upon the gilded domes on yonder hill. Then 
these pioneer men and women sung and prayed in their humble cabins, 
two or three being gathered together in His name; now thousands 
gather in stately halls whose scores of tall spires point to the heavens. 

In these pioneer days the Irish«Scot was here. True to an unfail- 
ing sagacity that enables him to know a good thing when he sees it^ 



PBOCEEDIKOS. 23 

the Sootch-Iriflhman got a share of this goodly heritage. His ancestors 
early learned among the rich lowlands of Scotland that blessings are 
most successfully sought where they do most abound. For this reason 
they consented to be transplanted to the fairest and greenest parts of 
the Emerald Isle. They learned that though transplanting and prun- 
ing may temporarily check a vigorous growth, yet if the new soil be 
congenial the plant gathers and assimilates strength from the new en- 
vironment. And thus stimulated, they again braved new terrors in 
search of civil and religious liberty for them and their children. The 
known perils of the deep, and justly dreaded dangers from lurking 
savages, turned them not from the course toward which the finger of 
iate was pointing. 

With a continent before them from which to choose, undeterred by 
the vastness of the toil, the sturdy Scotch-Irishman selected the richest 
valleys, and conquered and possessed those regions that laughed with f 
fatness. And because of this, you, their descendants, come to us to-day 
from the richest soils, the fairest landscapes, and the brightest skies in 
all America. And because of this, you find here the Scotch-Irishman, 
guided by the traditions of the race, in possession of his share of *' the 
beautiful land," to which we bid you a cheery welcome! 

And whether you come from broad acres of your fathers in many 
States, or from the crowded streets of commercial centers into whose 
laps great wealth is poured, in this sweet day in June we welcome you 
to the bright skies and waving fields of our dear Iowa. We feel that 
it is well that you are come. In the olden time wise men came from 
the East; now wise men and wise women come to Iowa from the 
boundless West, from the sunny South, from the busy North, as well 
as from the more crowded East And though our population is al- 
ready more than two million souls, yet Iowa's millions of acres that 
neither droughts nor floods have ever hindered from giving seed to the 
sower and bread to the eater smile a welcome to all who may come. 

And now, and here, because you are our own kinsmen, and merely 
to gratify you as such, I strive against that diffidence inherited from 
our race, and am enboldened to assure you that in our boundless re- 
sources we feel at home. The treasures that lie beneath our feet and 
those more deeply buried in the earth give promise to last a thousand 
years. Our but partially developed soil already profitably sustains a 
greater value of live stock than is found in the combined resources of 
the Empire and Kejnstone States. Iowa is preeminently the Pastoral 
Land. There is here no strife among the herdsmen, for there is room 
for all. Here the Scotch -Irishman has milk and honey without stint^ 



24 THE SCOTGH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

and his steps are washed with butter, though the rocks may not as yet 
have learned to pour out rivers of oil. 

Finally, from our hearts we bid you to enter into our terts. Abide 
with us. Realize that our homes are your homes. Ajb you look upon 
each other and upon us may you be constrained to say : " It is good for 
us to be here ! " May you resolve to come again ! In the name of the 
Scotch-Irish of Iowa, you are welcome, thrice welcome! 

Mr. Casady: 

Next we will have a few words from the Mayor of the city. There 
were some men, claiming to be missionaries,. I believe, came here from 
the West some time ago and stopped at the hotel in the northern part 
of our city. The Mayor fixed the time that they should remain here. 
I do not know whether they lived up precisely to it or not, and I do 
not know; you may have read of it, but he has consented to come 
here for tbe purpose of setting the terms on which you may remain. 
The Mayor is not as old a pioneer as Col. Scott, but he is a citizen who 
is well known and stands well among our people. He occupies the 
position of Mayor of our city ; has recently been elected. Mayor Hillis 
will now speak to you. 

Mayor Hillijj's Address of Welcome. 

Mr, President, Ladies and Gentlemen, a7id Members of the Scotch^ 
Irish Association : I have no desire at all to fix any limit on the stay 
of our friends here. We bid them welcome, and we welcome them 
every day that they m^ay choose to stay. I am glad so many of our 
townspeople are here to help me to do it, because it is sincere and all- 
abounding. 

It is a mooted question whether heredity or environment is the 
stronger force in molding character. The sturdy Scotchman who, 
for conscience sake, tore himself away from the bonny, heather- 
covered hills and storm-beaten crags of his beloved fatherland, the 
placrid lochs and ferny valleys, carried with him to the green isle of 
his adoption the same inflexibility of purpose, rugged honesty, and 
patient cheeriness under advci-sity which have ever characterized a 
Scotchman. 

I use the phrase "tore himself away" advisedly, for as the stal- 
wart oak growing amid the mountain fastnesses 8in.ks its roots and 
tendrils deep into the breast of mother earth, circling about every 
rock and boulder, bidding defiance to the very elements, so did the 
honest Scot cling to his native land. Every fiber of his being held fast 



PROCEEDINGS. 25 

with loving tenacity to the land of his birth, and great must have 
been the sacrifice when he was forced to leave forever the scenes of 
Lis family traditions, of national bravery, and clannish prowess, to 
seek a new home in a strange land among a strange people. 

Ireland — that land where has been enacted a tragedy centuries 
long, that bright gem of the sea where oppression and tyranny 
have tried in vain to crush out the steady light of a love of liberty 
and self-government, whose children, amid poverty so pitiful that 
ever and anon there comes across the sea the wail of hunger and 
starvation — even these have preserved, amid all the blighting, 
crushing, dwarfing forces at work upon them, as kindly, cheery, 
hopeful a temperament as can be found in all the world. The very 
word " Irishman " calls up a picture of joviality and rollicking fun, 
fidelity to their duty as they see it, and loyalty one to another. 

Transplanted to a new soil, amid such surroundings, the Scotch- 
man made his home. As time passed on new conditions prevailed, 
race prejudice became less intense, the different races fused together 
to a greater or less extent, and a newer, higher type was evolved. 
The Scotch-Irishman was, along with his English-Irish brother, the 
highest and best type of Irishman. They became preeminent 
among the population, and produced men who stand out from the 
rank and file like mountain heights surrounded by level plains. 

But with all their inherited force of character, allied with and 
supplemented by all the genial elements of the Irish strain, envi- 
roned by all that was best in old Erin, the Scotch-Irishman in Ire- 
land was ever an alien. Their star of hope pointed to a fairer, 
prouder, and better land. A new home awaited them across the 
sea. A land with lakes and mountains lovelier and grander than 
any in the old fatherland, and whose valleys yielded crops never 
before dreamed of, and whose rivers floated a mighty commerce to 
the sea. A welcome so full and so complete awaited them that very 
soon they felt like children of the soil. They dropped the distinct- 
ive appellation of Scotch-Irishman, and became Americans. 

Americans — proud title for the outcast heirs of Scotch and Irish 
ancestry 1 Americans — citizens of the noblest, best, and grandest 
land the sun ever shone upon! They were not aliens here, not op- 
pressed nor wi*onged nor made to cramp their consciences to fit any 
, man-made theology. They were citizens of the "land of the free 
and the home of the brave," where every man walked in the path 
that conscience told him was right and looked upon every other 
man as an equal and a brother. Americans — what a world of mean- 



26 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA- 

ing in the word I It means large-hearted, large-minded, free, indo* 
pendent, fearless, energetic, progressive. It means a citizenship 
purged of caste, freedom from all the limitations of dynastic rule, 
all opportunity to each individual to unfold the full flower of his 
manhood, to do anything and to he anything within the reach of 
human eflbrt. 

America has ever been the refuge of all nations, the ark of safety 
to the downtrodden and oppressed; and would that it had ended 
there! But America has likewise been tl^e haven of the adventurer 
and the outcast reprobate from across the seas; and whatever we 
have of socialistic and anarchistic tendencies and uprisings in our 
midst we owe directly to this source, the result of our too lax im- 
migration laws. The age is one of unrest. Men are seeking for 
they know not what. They dream dreams of making possible the 
impossible, of reducing all the inequalities of commercial, social, and 
political life to a common level. So-called leaders spring up who- 
feel, like William Wallace, their mission is to save a nation; and 
like the mighty Scot — but alas! too often unlike him in purity of 
purpose — are all unmindful that there awaits an ignominious end- 
ing to their cherished plans. 

Americans are essentially a composite people. In our early his- 
tory the pioneers were men of brain and brawn. Puritans, Cava- 
liers, Huguenots, Scotch-Irish — all gave of their strength and vigor 
to impress the plastic character of the young nation. Each wrought 
an influence indelibly fixed. Each was a potent factor in securing 
its present rank among the powers of the earth. Which was the 
most beneficent in its results no man can tell. Each claims honors 
preeminent over all other claimants. 

The Scotch-Irish have just cause for pride in the part they have 
played, in the quality of the scions they have grafled on the various 
branches of the growing nation. They can well be proud of the 
rich fruitage of noble men who have been prominent in shaping the 
national history. But proud as they are of Scotch and North- 
Irish ancestry, I think not a man of them all but feels it a prouder 
thing to be called an American citizen. 

It would be an interesting study for the psychologist to separate 
the fine tissue of resultant effects upon the national character made 
by the Scotch-Irish from the effects produced by other nationalities.^ 
I think he would find prominent the love of liberty and education; 
a culture of mind as well as of heart, for the Scotch-Irish were ad- 
vocates of general education, free and nonsectarian. He would find 



PBOOEEDINQS. 27 

a regard for all pertaining to religious life, for they were zealously 
religious, sometimes even to the point of narrowness and bigotry in 
those old times. He would find a love for truth and regard for the 
law of the land. 

The Scotch-Irish Americans threw themselves with fervor into 
the war for American independence. Their names make luminous 
the pages of our early history as a nation. Giants were among 
them: Patrick Henry, Hamilton, Madison. Jefferson, Jackson, Har- 
rison, and our immortal Lincoln and world-renowned commander. 
Grant. They have given in all ten Presidents to the nation, besides 
a list of patriots, statesmen, generals, judges, educators, and invent- 
ors too long to mention individually, even were it possible. They 
have marched with the advance guard of all pertaining to a higher 
civilization, and have furnished leaders in every line of progress and 
achievement. I am glad this Society exists to preserve, the annals 
of this illustrious people. I am glad that from time to time you unroll 
the records of the past, that the new generation may gather inspi- 
ration from their pages to a noble emulation of their sires, and 
I am doubly glad, that the Society has honored Des Moines with 
its convention assembled here to-day. I am glad that you have 
come from the Korth and from the South, from the East and from 
the West, to see our Iowa, the *^ Beautiful Land," as the Indians fit- 
tingly christened it — a State which ranks second to none and 
which, if modesty gives way to truth, must be called the first and 
best in the Union. Next to the pride some of our people have in 
their Scotch-Irish ancestry is pride in their State and city; and 
when I tell you that our State, of little more than twoscore years 
of age, has more schools, teachers, and pupils in proportion to pop- 
ulation than any other State in all the world, you will think their 
pride is justified. 

I am glad to welcome you to our beautiful city, a city of homes, 
with the streets shaded by trees so numerous as to win for us the 
title of a forest city. As you drive about during your stay I want 
you to visit our magnificent State Capitol, built with three million 
honest dollars, a monument to the integrity of Iowa men. I want 
you to see our sixty-five churches, our forty-five schools, eleven col- 
leges, and one university. I want you to know that we have four 
hundred manufacturing industries, including the largest starch-pro- 
ducing manufactury in the world ; that our coal is the cheapest in 
the United States, and is mined within the city limits; that our 
streets are paved with brick made at home; that a majority of our 



28 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

workingmen live in their own homes, and that the cost of living is 
less than in any other city of like size. 

Do you know Iowa's rank among the States? I will read you a 
statement taken from the government reports, showing Iowa's rank 
among the States: 

No State Debt. 

First in amount of saving deposits per capita. 

Per cent, of failures less than any other State except Idaho. 

First in number of schools, teachers, and pupils in proportion to 
population. 

First in lowest percentage of illiteracy. 

First in gmin products per capita. 

Two hundred and seventy-eight bushels of grain per year per 
capita, counting the babies. 

First in.com products per acre and per capita. 

First in total corn products. 

First in potatoes per acre and total product (Scotch-Irish ones by 
the thousands and tens of thousands). 

First in number and value of milch cows. 

First in factory butter product. 

First in number and value of swine, and double that of any other 
State. 

First in number and value of horses. 

Second in number and value of oxen 

Second in flax seed. 

Second in yield of hay per acre. 

Third in gypsum output. 

Fourth in railroad mileage. 

No farm is more than fifteen miles from railroad. 

Fifth in bituminous output. 

Ninth in capital investt?d in nursery business. 

Do you realize what a future lies before us? The appetizing fra- 
grance of our Iowa ham has reached the royal nostril of Kaiser 
Wilhelm, and he is now our steady customer. Our horses, and they 
are the fleetest and flnest in all the world, exceed in value the an- 
nual cost of the British navy. The golden product of our cream- 
eries outranks in value all the gold mined in all the mines of the 
Union. The value of Iowa's hay, oats, wheat, and corn exceeds 
that of the total coal output of the nation, is more than twice the 
dividends paid by all the railroads in the nation in 1891, would 
oover the cost of the original Pacific railroads and have more than 



PBOC££DINa& 29 

enough left to build the Nicaragua canal, and is almost double the total 
gold and silver output of the United States. I could go on indefi^ 
nitely, and prove to you that Iowa is the crown jewel in fair Colum- 
bia's diadem. Look at your map. Fonder the situation of Iowa. 
Consider the boundless possibilities of so great and rich a State. 
She is the central State of the Union, as Des Moines is the central 
and leading city of this peerless State. A magnificent future lies 
before us. The nation will yet turn to us with just pride. We are 
young and undeveloped as yet; but Shakespeare was once a babe; 
and Grant was fondled in his mother's arms. Des Moines has 
passed the stage of infancy, and in the pride and glow of vigorous 
and ambitious youth asserts the claim to be, and is, the queen city 
of the queen State of the nation. 

I rejoice that we have so much to offer to our guests for candid 
consideration. I give you the heartiest welcome and most cordially 
extend to you the freedom of our city. Whether it be as delegates 
to the Scotch-Irish Convention, or a/9 citizens looking for a new 
home, I bid you welcome. Des Moines throws her gates wide open 
to rec^ve you, and trusts that the memory you take away with you 
of her hospitality may induce you in the near future to come again. 

Mr. Casady : 

The next thing on the programme will be some music, a solo by 
Mr. P. H. Metcalf : " Scots Wha Hae." 

Mr. Metcalf sung the patriotic old song with much beauty^ 
and was enthusiastically applauded. 
Mr. Henry Wallace : 

I believe it was never heard that a number of politicians in pre- 
paring a platform ever made a plank catching the Scotch-Irish vote. 
[Applause.] Now, do you know why? Because they honestly 
knew that, however thick the blood may be with Scotch-Irishmen, 
however much he may love his kindred, his loyalty to his convic- 
tions of truth and righteousness is above and beyond his loyalty to 
his clan. Hence politicians never think of making a plank to catch 
the Scotch-Irish vote. [Applause.] And, ladies and gentlemen, 
that is the reason why so many Scotch-Irishmen are in politics^ 
that is the reason why, when we have an election and the votes are 
counted, there is a larger proportion of the votes Scotch-Irish than 
of any other class of people. They know that the Scotch-Irishman 
will be there, but there is no use of bidding for his vote. They must 
make their plank so that it meet with his conscience and his ap* 



80 THE S00T0H-IBI8H IN AMEBICA., 

proval, and then he will alwayB be found fighting for it. Hence, 
from the remotest history of this State to this present hour, there 
has been a very large per cent, of the Scotch-Irishmen holding the 
higher places of trust. In Washington we have Wilson. Go with 
me over to the St^te House, and with possibly one or two excep- 
tions every office is filled by a Scotch- Irishman. So it has been for 
three or four years; and now it is my pleasure to-day to introduce 
to you the last Scotch-Irish Grovernor of the State, Frank D. Jack, 
son. [Applause.] 

Gov. Jackson's address of welcome: 

Members of the Scotch-Irish Society of America: It gives mo great 
pleasure on behalf of the people of Iowa to welcome you to the cap- 
ital of our State. We have observed the organization and growth 
of your Society, and have followed with interest during the last 
few years your meetings in the Eastern and Southern States, and 
we are glad you decided, in response to our invitation of two years 
ago, to recognize the great Northwest and to visit your friends 
west of the Mississippi. I assure you that we greatly appreciate 
your presence with us, and we shall endeavor to show you that ap- 
preciation by the extent and sincerity of our Western welcome. We 
want you to stay with us just as long as possible, and if at the end 
of your visit you cannot make up your minds to desert less favored 
localities and settle in Iowa permanently and '^grow up with the 
country," why then, while we may have a very poor opinion of 
your judgment, we will make the best of it, and say: " Godspeed, 
and come again soon." As I understand it,' the objects of your So- 
ciety are social and patriotic, and are in the main to preserve the 
history and perpetuate the achievements of the Scotch-Irish race in 
America. With such an organization, having such objects, every 
good citizen of Iowa must be in earnest sympathy, and I doubt if 
you could have held your annual convention among any people who 
can better understand and appreciate the characteristic qualities of 
the Scotch-Irish race than can the people of Iowa. And this is true 
because, in my opinion, there is no State in the Union whose people 
as a whole come more nearly to living up to the Scotch-Irish stand- 
ards and beliefs than do the people of Iowa. In fact, when you 
undertake to describe what are understood to be the race character- 
istics of the Scotch-Irish, and to enumerate their distinctive quali- 
ties, you will find, when you have completed the task, that you 
have drawn a very fair picture of Iowa people and of the qualities 
upon which they pride themselves. Devotion to religious and civil 



PB0GEEDIKQ8. 81 

liberty — not that so-called liberty which degenerates into license, 
but liberty within the law — an abounding and tireless patriotism, a 
strong sense of self-reliance and of personal independence, a love of 
education and a determination to secure it for their children, with 
much respect for the Sabbath and for religion, are prominent 
Scotch-Irish characteristics possessed by the people of Iowa, and I 
am sure that -nowhere can the descendants of the old Govenantei's 
be more at home or more welcome than in the capital city of a 
State which takes pride in having a schoolhouse in sight of every 
square mile of its territory, and a church within reach of every cit- 
izen. I trust it may not be considered out of place in my calling 
your special attention to this great agricultural State of ours, almost 
an empire in extent, and whose every acre of soil yields a bountiful 
response to the hand of toil. It was only a little over a third of a 
<;entury ago that Iowa was one vast tract of unbroken prairie land. 
To-day thousands of rich farms stretch out in continuous succession 
for three hundred miles across our State, forming one of the richest 
and most beautiful gardens on the face of the earth. Our great 
rivers flow on in continual gladness past happy and contented peo- 
ple, through prosperous cities and beautiful villages; with over 
«ight thousand miles of railroad ; with more than thirteen thousand 
schoolhouses; with a magnificent public school system; with col- 
leges, universities, and innumerable churches, with strong and ag- 
gressive organized moral influences; and with the highest average 
intelligence of any of the great States of the Union — Iowa's two 
millions of population are a contented, hospitable, prosperous, and 
happy people. In the name of this people I welcome most heartily 
the Scotch-Irish Society of America to their capital city. 

By the Scotch-Irish i*ace I understand is meant that people, 
mainly Scotch, which settled in Ireland, and whose descendants 
from time to time emigrated to America, and have taken such a 
prominent part in the development of our common country — a part 
which I must say is out of all proportion to their numbers as com- 
pared with any other stock of people, not excepting the Scotch 
themselves. I do not know what new qualities the Scotch race 
must have acquired during its century or two in Ireland, but cer- 
tainly it must have absorbed some subtle elixir and breathed in 
some fine infusion of native Irish warmth and enthusiasm, which 
has given the Scotch-Irish the advantage over the original stock, 
and made them more successful and adaptable, and, if I may say it, 
more social and sympathetic than the people of direct Scotch de- 



32 THE SC0T0H-IBI8H IN AMEBIGA. 

Bcent. Certain it is that either ch'mate or association, or some 
strain of English Huguenot or Celtic blood mixed with the original 
Scotch, have given us in the Scotch-Irish a superior people, whose 
history and achievements you do well to perpetuate. I think it is a 
matter of some wonder that this has not been sooner done, for I 
believe that your organization dates but some five or six years back. 
Perhaps, as some one has suggested, the Scotch-Irish have been too 
much engaged in making history to find the necessary time for 
writing it. A people distinguished for the executive and the prac- 
tical are somewhat apt to leave to others the mere discussing and 
recording of events. In the words of the old Boman, *' They came 
not here to talk." 

When a few weeks ago I was honored with the invitation to 
welcome you to Iowa, I felt that to do so intelligently I should read 
up a little on the history of the Scotch-Irish in America, so as to 
know something definite on the subject. I knew in a general way 
that the Scotch-Irish in America had accomplished a great deal, but 
I did not know exactly how much. My first thought was: " What 
shall I find that the Scotch-Irish have done? " After awhile the ques- 
tion changed, and became, not " What can I find that the Scotch- 
Irish have done? " but, " What shall I select from the great mass of 
their achievements in every line of public and private activity? " 
And, candidly, before I got through I began to wonder whether 
the Scotch-Irish had left much of anything for any one else to do, or 
whether, after all, the best Scotch-Irish iiistory is not to be found 
in the general history of the United States? At least, that is how 
it impressed me. According to your records — and I do not question 
them — a Scotch-Irishman wrote the Declaration of Independence; a 
Scotch-Irishman, as Secretary, was the first to read that Declaration 
in public; and it was a Scotch-Irishman who arose in the Continental 
Congress, in the darkest hour of its doubt and apprehension, and 
urged the signing of the Declaration of Independence in the memo- 
rable words: "To hesitate now at this moment is to consent to your 
own slavery." It was Patrick Henry, a Scotch-Irishman, who said: 
"As for mo, give me liberty or give me death ! " Scotch-Irishmen 
fought in the ranks, led in the army, sat at the council board, ^nd 
presided over the destinies of the American nation. That race has 
furnished us eminent teachera and divines, great inventors, distin- 
guished statesmen and military leaders, brave soldiers, and patriotic 
citizens. I find nine Presidents of the United States in whose veins 
ran the blood of your indomitable race. Our own time furnishes us 



/ 



PROCEEDINGS, 33 

illustrious examples in Ulysses Simpson Grant, among soldiers, and 
James Gillespie Blaine, amon^r statesmen — the middle names, Simp- 
son and Gillespie, bearing evidence in both cases to Scotch-Irish de- 
scent. Coming from national to State history, Iowa places the men 
of Scotch-Irish blood amonrr the most distinguished names which 
slie has delighted to honor. The familiar names of Grimes and 
Kirkwood, Dillon and McCreary, Allison, Henderson, and McDill, 
are only a few of those illustrious citizens of Iowa who have hon 
ored the Scotch-Irish name, and in so doing have honored the peo- 
ple of Iowa and the nation. 

Again, ladies and gentlemen, let me assure you of a heartj^ and 
cordial welcome by the people of Iowa. 

Mr. Casady: 

Mr. President: Mr. W. L. Carpenter, late custodian of the capitol, 
has made a gavel. This part of it [indicating] is native Iowa material, 
came from the old Capitol, from some of the inside work; and this is 
from the new. Here we have the old and the new. It is made ex- 
pressly for you to use upon this occasion, and I now present it to you 
from W. L. Carpenter. [Applause.] 

President Bonner's response: 

Mr, President and Mayor of the CUy: On behalf of the Scotch- 
Irish Society of America, I thank you most heartily for this sincere 
and cordial welcome to your State. 

When my friend, Mr. Wallace, in behalf of your citizens, invited 
our Society to meet here, he gave us such a glowing and eloquent 
description of your State, the fertility of its soil, and its unrivaled re- 
sources, that had I not been informed that he was in, his younger days, 
a clergyman, I should hare concluded that he was, to put it very 
mildly, slightly exaggerating matters; but from what I have seen 
since I entered your beautiful State yesterday morning, I find that the 
half has not been told. I shall never again doubt Mr. Wallace's 
word, nor, indeed, anything that I may hereafter hear concerning the 
growth of Des Moines, the enterprise of your citizens, the advantages 
which you enjoy, and the public improvements that we have witnessed. 
All these have been a source of surprise and wonder to our party 
since we arrived here. . 

I think it will be generally conceded that Horace Greeley builded 

better than he knew when, about forty years ago, he advised young 

men who were seeking to better their condition, to go West The tei-se 

way in which he put it was: " Go West, young Qian." Of the wisdom 

3 



34 THE SCOTCH-IULSH IN AMERICA. 

of tliat advice we have had innumerable proofs, although, when in his 
younger days he started for the West himself, he became discouraged 
and returned, remarking, as he does in his " Recollections of a Busy 
Life," which I am glad to say I persuaded him to write, that he be- 
came fully convinced that the life of a pioneer was one to which he 
was poorly adapted. And this brings me to a point which I wish to 
emphasize. Mr. Greeley, in his '^Autobiography," after stating that his 
ancestors came from Londonderry, Ireland, says that the Westminster 
bhorter Catechism was, within his experience, to quote his own words, 
** regularly administered to us youngsters once a week as a portion of 
our common school regime,** He then refers to the Shorter Catechism 
as a rather tough digest of Puritan theology, but he overlooked the 
fact that under that Catechism was brought up as honest and hardy a 
race of men as ever the sun shone upon. Gen. Stark, of revolutionary 
fame, was of Scotch-Irish blood, and was born in Londonderry, N. H., 
where Mr. Greeley's parents were born. In the brilliant battle of 
Bennington, fought and won on August 26, 1777, Gen. Stark addressed 
his troops on the brink of engaging in battle, as follows: "Boys, 
you see those Hessians in front of you. King George gave £4 78. 6d, 
apiece for them. I reckon we are worth more, and will prove it 
directly. If not, Molly Stark sleeps a widow to-night.'' 

That is a specimen of the rugged and stalwart manhood of the men 
of those days who were brought up under the influence of the Shorter 
Catechism, and that was the spirit that characterized the Scotch-Irish 
in all the other battles in which they were engaged, that were fought 
during our revolution, and that was the same spirit that characterized 
another descendant of Ulster, Gen. Jackson, thirty-five years after- 
wards, at the battle of New Orleans. 

But it waB not merely in fighting for our independence that Scotch- 
Irishmen distinguished themselves. It has recently been demonstrated 
that to the Scotch-Irish we are indebted for the first draft of our glori- 
ous Declaration of Independence. I hold in my hand a photograph 
of a deed that dates independence from the Mecklenburg Declaration, 
May 27, 1775. It was sent to me by the Rev. Dr. John H. Bryson, 
our Vice President for Alabama, and an ex-Moderator of the Greneral 
Assembly of the Southern Presbyterian Church. He writes: 

I returned last week from my visit to Charlotte, N. C. I send you and 
Dr. Hall copies of an old deed found in the Register's office in Charlotte, N. 
C, which settles the question of the date of the Mecklenburg Declaration, as 
you will see. It was found a few months ago with a number of others. This, 
with the written testimony of Capt. Jack, who rode horseback to Philadel- 
phi and carried three copies of thip Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence 



PROCEEDINGS. 35 

and gave them to the North Carolina delegiites, settles the controverted 
question. Capt. Jack also states that the officials Of the Continental Congress 
all said to hira that they were not yet prepared to take such a hazardous 
step. This shows beyond a doubt when and where Mr. Jefferson obtained 
the original of the famous Declaration of Independence. Every man who 
signed the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was a full-blooded 
Scotch-Irishman. 

President Bonner: 

Dr. John S. Macintosh, our Vice President General, has some an- 
nouncements concerning the Soc4ety, which he will now make. 

Dr. John S. Macintosh : 

Mr, Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: I have been requested at 
this point to make some statements which are important and which 
require to be made now, that arrangements dependent upon them may 
be satisfactorily carried out. Our generous friends in Des Moines 
are so taxing their large-hearted ness and thoughtful kindness to make 
us and all attending this Congress feel completely at home that I am 
afraid it will be the case of the "camel and the Arab'' over again; 
that some of them will have to turn out of their homes, because they 
find that that race known as the Scotch-Irish, who always know a good 
thing wheii it is to be seen and take hold of that when it is within 
their reach and keep it, will very likely want some of these homes. 
These kind friends are providing, I am afraid to their serious danger, 
an opportunity for us to see how much you have got, Mr. Mayor and 
Governor, that we may make our selection judiciously and get hold of 
the best thing that is going. [Laughter.] 

I want to ask that all the delegates and all those who are attending 
this Congress, outside of the city, who propose to avail themselves of 
the kindness of the Committee on Arrangements this afternoon and go 
upon the carriage ride to see the riches and desirable homes and good 
schools and factories, colleges and institutions of this city, will be kind 
enough to rise up now, that it may be seen who are going, that the 
friends may provide proper vehicles for them. Ladies and gentlemen 
are invited, particularly the ladies. 

In the second place, Mr. President, I have been requested to state at 
this hour what our requirements of membership are on the part of 
ladies and gentlemen. It is not as widely known as we desire to have 
it published, that ladies are more eligible for membership than gentle- 
men, and, as I have been permitted to put it upon some occasions, a 
single drop of this Scotch-Irish blood is of such purity and strength 
that, coming down either from the maternal or paternal side, it quali- 



36 THE SG0TCH-IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

fies you for membership. It is dedirable that the nominations for mem* 
bership shall be made at each successive meeting of the Congress a 
little before the adjournment of each meeting. I think you will under- 
stand that. The Secretary and Assistant Secretary will receive mem- 
berships, sign certificates, and furnish books. Let me also say that 
the early volumes of our Associations are rapidly disappearing. They 
contain a large amount of exceedingly interesting historical and gene- 
alogical information, and those who want them had better act quickly. 
The Secretary or Assistant Secretary Mirill also be at the hall before and 
after each meeting, and on the lirst floor of the Savery House. There 
has been assigned to their use, by the wisdom and kindness of the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements, the Club Room on the first floor, and you will 
always find some member of the Society there to meet you, and greet 
you, and give you information. Mr. Wallace will give us the informa- 
tion concerning the evening meeting. i 

Mr. Wallace: 

I wish to say to our visiting friends, that I have made arrangements 
to take all who may desire to go over our city on the street car lines^ 
as many as ten or fift;een at a time. If they will report to me or come to- 
my oflice, I will take them on Chat ride. You will bear in mind, ladies 
and gentlemen, that the ride over the city will be this afternoon, and 
that the hour is three o'clock. In place of meeting at the Savery 
House, you will also bear in mind that the reception will be at the 
Kirkwood House to-night at the hours from eight to ten o'clock, and 
that Mr. Patterson and Mr. Granger will be in the Club Room at the 
Savery House to furnish you tickets and give terms of admittance, etc. 
Mr. McConnell wishes me to state that he would like to have the 
names of all the ministers present, in order that he can make arrange- 
ments for public services on the Sabbath. 

Mr. McConnell : 

I should be glad to have the brothers report to me at the closing 
hour of the Association, so that I may know who are here and be able 
to report for the services of the Sabbath. 

President Bonner: 

Mr. Wallace will now favor us with a short address, and I expect U> 
see him redeem his reputation. [Applause.] 

Mr. Wallace: 

Mr. President, Ladies and Oentlenien : A great deal has been said 



^KOCEEDINQS. 87 

-about the invitation which I gave the Bcotch-Irish Association at 
Atlanta in connection with my friend, Dr. McConnell, and repeated 
at Springfield in connection with my friend. Dr. Howard Johnston, 
:and it has been suggested that I ought possibly to make some expla- 
nation. I am glad to know that we have the authority of no less a 
man than Robert Bonner that the half has not been told, and I wish 
«imply to say on behalf of our friends that Iowa never looked as poor 
on the 8th day of June as to-day. We are suffering the most unprec- 
edented drought, for this time of the year, that I recollect in the en- 
tire history of the State. And in one sense I am glad of it. Any 
country can raise crops if it has plenty of rain. They can do that in 
Kansas and Nebraska, but the proud boast of Iowa is that it raises 
<;rop6, rain or no rain. [Applause.] I told them down at Springfield 
or Atlanta, I forget which, that when the Almighty undertook to 
make the best country he knew how, he determined to make it in this 
Mesopotamia of the New World, between the two great rivers. He 
stripped the rocks bare to start with, and then filled it up with select 
dirt from the best portions of the universe, and in this he has placed 
alternate layers of sand that hold water so that when these bottom 
layers are full, the roots of our grain and grass run down and pump it 
up and say, " Thank you, sir," whether it' rains or not But unfortunate- 
ly it has forgotten to rain for so long in this country that some of these 
bottom layers are not quite full. Nevertheless, the people of towa 
will not pass the hat when the harvests of this year are gathered. 
You will hear from us, and we will have plenty, and bread and grain 
to feed the nation. 

Now it has been delicately suggested to me about the promise I 
•made down at Atlanta or Springfield, that this other brother seconded, 
that we invite the Scotch-Irish Congress to the only city of sixty thou- 
sand people in the world that had not had an open saloon for the last 
four years. [Applause.] Now, I did that, gentlemen. 1 did not say, 
however, that there would not be when they came. [Laughter.] And 
I do not want to say it now. We are under the reign of the Mulct. 
Now, do you know what the Mulct is? Of course the people here know 
all about it, but I want to ex])laiu it to these brethren. It says : " You 
shan't do it, but if you do you must pay $600 to the State and county; 
and if you do it in the city, we will tax you $600 more for the schools, 
streets, etc." Now the only excuse we have for that is Von Trump's 
««xcuse. Now, n»y friend Bonner knows all about Von Trump, be- 
-cause he lived down in New York somewhere, and he was a Dutchman, 
.and he had a dream, and in that dream he made the celebrated Von 



38 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Trump's excuse, which, I suppose, Mr. Bonner has published in the 
New York Ledger and forgotten all about it. 

Von Trump was a miller and lived on Creek, and on that 

creek were four millers: Snyder, Van Hosen, Quackenbos, the last 
being Von Trump. Von Trump had a dream, and he dreamed that 
the. day of judgment had come, and as he reported it, the good Lord 
would judge everybody and take them by classes. He comes to the 
farmers first, and that takes him a long time, because the farmers do 
so many little mean things ; and by and by he comes to the lawyers,, 
and that don't take him long, because he knows where the lawyer goes 
anyhow. [Laughter.] Then he comes down to the millers, and 
comes to Creek, and he comes to Snyder : " Ever you takes too- 
much toll?" he says to Snyder. Snyder thinks a long time and he 
says: '' Veil, I guess maype ven de roads vas bat, I takes shust a leetle 
too much; shust a leetle bit, so small you cood not hartly see it." 
"Snyder, you go mit de goats." Then he comes to Van Hosen, and 
he says: "Van Hosen, you take too much toll?" Van Hosen, he 
scratched his head, and says : " Veil, vonce ven my vife vas seek, I 
takes shust a leetle too much." And he says to Van Hosen: " You ga 
mit de goats." And then he comes to Quackenbos, and he says: 
"Quackenbos, haf you take too much toll?" Quackenbos he says: 
" Vonce mine pigs got short of feed, and I takes shust a leetle toa 
much, shust so leetle you cannot see it." " Quackenbos, you go mit de 
goats." And then he comes to me and he says: " Von Trump, you 
stand up here, look me square in the eye. Do you ever take too much 
toll?" Then I study a long time and says: "Veil, maype vonce I 
did, shust a leetle too much, so leetle you could not see it; but hold on, 
I gives it to the Church." [Laughter.] 

Now we have only got Von Trumps excuse; that we give it to the 
schools, and we invoke the charitably judgment of this Association and 
promise ourselves in this city that if we find we have made a mistake, 
we will repent, even if we do have Von Trump's excuse. Now, gentle- 
men, I don't know as I have anything more to say. 

Voice : 

You did not tell us what became of Von Trump. 

Mr. Wallace: 

Excuse me. He says: "The Lord he looks at me and he says: 
* Veil, it is a mighty hard squeeze, but go mit de sheeps.' " [Laugh- 
ter.] So we hope you will count us with the sheep until after the 
election. [Applause] 



PROCEEDINGS. 39 

Now, ladies and gentlenieD, jou have the Association with you. It 
13 our pleasant duty to make them feel as comfortable and happy aa 
possible. As you see, they are all good niixers ; don*t stand on dignity. 
I hope that you will attend, and as many as the house will accommo- 
date will be found down at the Kirkwood, and we will try to make 
everything as comfortable and happy as possible down there this even* 
ing. 

President Bonner: 

We will now listen to a violin solo by Miss Carrie Bell Scott. 

Miss Scott's violin playing not only on this occasion, but 
throughout the Congress, was richly enjoyed. 
President Bonner: 

Rev. Dr. Howard Johnston, who is well known to you all, and who 
accompanied Mr. Wallace to our meeting at Springfield last year, will 
now favor us with a few remarks. Mr. Wallace undoubtedly thought 
we could not possibly believe all the fine things that he said about 
Iowa, and he very wisely concluded to take a clergyman along with 
him to back up what he had said. Dr. Howard Johnston will now 
address you. 

Dr. Johnston's Address. 

Mr. President and Friends of Des Moines: You know what they 
say about old iriends. I hardly knew this morning whether I ought 
to count myself among the sheep or goats. I went as a Hawkeye to 
the Buckeye State, and felt considerably at home, because I was a 
Buckeye; and now I have gone from the Hawkeye State to that 
State which lies adjoining, but from all that was said about Iowa this 
year, a man who has run the gauntlet thus far should be fortified 
against what he might meet in, the city of Chicago. But I honestly 
felt some conscientious scruples when I ran away from this State, be- 
cause of the pledge I had made to the Scotch-Irish people a year ago, 
so I rejoice in the privilege of being here to participate in these most 
happy demonstrations, and renew my pride in the State of Iowa, for I 
am prouder than ever that I was privileged to enjoy living in Iowa 
for the time I was enabled to be a citizen of the commonwealth. 
There is one thing I wish to emphasize, why I urged upon the Society 
at Springfield that they needed to come AVest. I thou<];ht that we had 
need of them to come west of the Mississippi. The purpose of this 
Association has been to gather history more or less — secure what, sooner 
or later, would be lost were it not saved from the losing, formalized or 



40 THE SC0TCH-IBI8H IN AMEBICA. 

perpetuated. But as you begin to see, you cannot gather the history 
of the Scotch-Irish race of America except you cross the Mississippi- 

The children of men who are conspicuous in the van of the builders 
of a nation in the newer parts of history and eastern coasts are the 
very men who have been in the van in coming to this western land, 
and we must make our history complete. So we need to come and 
come in touch with that part of it which has been made and so splen- 
didly made by those men in this section. Not only so, but the pur- 
pose of the Society is to inspire, so far as the deeds of these men are 
worthy to inspire, the children with that heroism which comes from the 
study of the lives of their ancestry. So, then, the Society, in order to 
realize its full purpose, should touch, as far as possible, new points in 
our own land as well as the old. 

It has been somewhat marginal and sectional in the meetings hither- 
to; it is becoming somewhat national now. As the people take up 
with these national meetings and go from Atlanta to Louisville, and 
Pittsburg to Des Moines, they will come to appreciate the Scotch-Irish 
Society of America as not sectional, but national. 

You know that the matter of making history is a settled thing, a 
difficult task. We desire to exalt true worth ; but we know very well 
there are many heroic souls of whom the world did not know very 
much, we know that as we go along the line of heroes whose names 
rank high upon the roll of honor and fame you will find back just a 
littlo way under the shadow many other heroes unknown to all except 
the eye of the all-seeing One, whose lives of sympathy and of fidelity 
have made it possible for those who have come out into the front to 
have reason to point to the dignity and worth which they reached, and 
these are not known to history, and may never be, but ever and anon 
by such fidelity as has marked the activity of these men to gather out 
that which has been made into history. !l^ow what we see and write 
into history as we find it, we are lifting up and giving worth to those 
who are worthy; then we want our children to gather as much as they 
may be able to of that inspiration which we desire to perpetuate as a 
people, which comes out of the fidelity of our fathers in all that they 
have done, which was so worthy. 

There was once an Italian boy who had come down to a seacoast 
town, and to whom the captain of a boat gave a little book written 
in the English tongue. That book was the biographies of George 
Washington and John Hancock. That little boy learned the English 
language in order that he might read that book, and he drew into his 
lifeblood that which came out of the study of such biographies as those 



PBOCEEDINGS. 41 

two giants in making this land, and that boy was the forerunner of 
Garibaldi and thope men who wrote out the history of Italy, Daniel 
Moine. There under the arches of St Mark's at Venice we might see v 
his tomb covered with the first flowers that people bring every day, 
and on the walls of the church is a monogram: "Daniel Moine, 
Statesman and Patriot." And the people give him honor, and it all 
«ame out of the fact that there fell into the hands of a boy that life of 
John Hancock and George Washington which explains what you see 
in Italy to-day. 

So that man in the providence of God was an instrument in begin- 
iug and developing the movement that has done so much for that 
<x>untry. That is just an indication of what will come out of the work 
of such a Society as this. Not simply that we shall make annals in 
order that we may secure and cherish a grand past, but that we shall 
make motives and inspirations which shall work into the fiber, blood, 
and bone of the boys and girls that are coming on to stand in the place 
of their fathers as they go to their reward and their fame, and make 
even to the ultimate realization of that purpose which has, as I believe, 
been in that father and which has guided our fathers to this land, 
is the prayer and hope of all of us, as we strive in our way and are 
blessed of God in the part that falls to us, and so on that day realize 
that force and innate desire that we are universally blessed, because 
-our God is the Lord. [Applause.] 

President Bonner: 

Dr. Macintosh has some announcements to make concerning our 
proceedings to-morrow, after which we shall adjourn until ten o'clock 
to-morrow morning. 

Dr. Macintosh: 

Mr, Preiident: 1 have been requested to state that it is expected 
that the members of the Local Committee and the Local Committee on 
Arrangements will join the party going out this afternoon at three 
o'clock, so that in each of the carriages Inhere may be some member of 
the Local Committee to explain to the visiting guests the various 
objects of interest; three o'clock at the Savery House. To-morrow 
morning at ten o'clock we have our next popular meeting, and at that 
meeting the two principal addresses will be delivered by the Hon. 
Judge John M. Scott, of Bloomington, 111., one who is very well known, 
4ind held more highly in esteem in this neighborhood, and the Hon. 
James Wilson, of Ames College. 



42 THE 8CX>T0H-IBISH IN AMERIOA. 

The meeting here adjourned until Friday morning at ten< 
o'clock. 

MORNING SESSION. 

Friday Morninq, June 8, 1894. 

The meeting was called to order by President Bonner. 
President Bonner ; 

We will now be led in prayer by the Eev. George C. Henry, of 
the St. John's Lutheran Church, of this city. 

Rev. George C. Henry: 

Let us bow. 

O God, our fathers' God, Thou who dost feed us, and through all 
their pilgrimage hast led them, we come to Thee. We thank Thee 
for what our eyes have seen and our ears have heard and what Thou 
hast done for them in the days of old, and how they were glad to 
confess that it was not their bow or sword nor their arm, but Thine 
arm, that gave them the victory. We thank Thee that they stood, 
these fathers, in this new land, for righteousness and peace and joy 
in the Holy Ghost. We thank Thee that they feared Thee, which 
was the boginning of their wisdom. We thank Thee that Thou dost 
lead them by Thy Spirit, and it has caused them to triumph by their 
righteousness. We thank Thee that it pleased Thee thus to use 
them for great things, and we who are here to-day from the 
Korth and the £ast, the West and the South, we would honor Thee 
that, like them in their best moments when they praised Thee, our 
courage may be humility, our strength may be faith, and our hap- 
piness be the wisdom and fear of the Lord. 

May the entertainers of these guests use hospitality without 
grudging, and may they find unawares that they have messengers 
of love and peace, of friendship and purity. Thou who dost give 
us grace at this time to make our humble supplications unto Thee, 
and who dost promise that wherever two or three are gsUhei'ed in 
Thy name Thou wouldst grant their request specifically, now we 
pray Thee to hear all the desires and petitions of Thy servants, 
granting what is good for us in this life, and in the life to come 
everlasting enjoyment with Thee through Jesus Christ our Lord^ 
Amen. 

President Bonner: 

We will now have some music: "Annie Laurie." 



PI10C££I>INGS. 4H 

President Bonner: 

We are now to be favored with an address from Judge John M. 
Scott, formerly Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois. 
Judge Scott has been one of the most efficient members of our As- 
sociation, attending all our meetings in the different parts of the 
country. His subject is " The Influence of the Scotch-Irish in Es- 
tablishing Courts and Making Laws in the Old Northwest." [Ap- 
plause.] 

Judge John M. Scott: 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: As I expect to leave this 
aft€rnf)0'i for my home in Illinois, 1 wish to avail myself of this op- 
portunity to give expression to the pleasure I have had in the brief 
visit to your city, and mingling so much with your people since I 
have been here. It has been a source of great pleasure to meet 
with you. I have heard many pretty things said here by your cit- 
izens concerning the greatness of Iowa and the splendor and grand- 
eur of her institutions and everything that constitutes a common- 
wealth great. But I believe about as proper a compliment as I 
have heard of your State was what I heard from an old gentleman 
that was traveling with his wife on the train on which I came over. 
They were old people, and he had lived always in Pennsylvania. 
Their children had grown up and gone West, and they were travel- 
ing in that direction to meet with their children. The wife had 
traveled West before, and knew something of its beauty and excel- 
lence, but the old man had never been West, and when he got in the 
State of Iowa it was to him a revelation that he did not expect to 
see. It was then in the beautiful, soft light of the evening, and I 
undertake to say that the scenery, the landscape, of your State never 
looked more beautiful than it did then under the soft, mellow light 
of the declininj:^ sun. The old gentleman was enraptured and en- 
thusiastic over it, and he enlarged upon its beauties, and the climax 
was, upon turning to his wife, he said: " I wish I had come to Iowa 
when I was married." [Applause.] If he had got to Des Moines, and 
seen the beautiful ladies that have honored this < onvention with their 
presence, I doubt not it would have been a matter of regret to him 
that he had not come to Iowa before he was married. [Applause.] 

(For Judge Scott's address, see Part II., page 93.) 
President Bonner: 

We will now listen to some music, a violin solo by Miss Carrie 
Bell Scott. 



4A THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AICEBIOA. 

President Bonner: 

We are now to have the pleasure of listening to Hon. James Wil- 
son, a professor in your State Agricultural College. Horses are 
supposed to have something to do with agriculture, and, as I am 
supposed to know a little about horses, I may state that fh)m stock 
raised in New York, when transplanted to Iowa, Kentucky, and 
California, we have raised the finest and swiftest horses in the 
world. Mr. Wilson is a pure Scotchman. He has not had the ad- 
vantage of being transplanted to Ireland, and I do not know how 
ho may get along in addressing such an audience, although I am 
sure he is one of the brightest men in your State. However, I shall 
call upon my friend, Mr. Wallace, to formally introduce him. [Ap- 
plause.] 

Mr. Wallace: 

Mr. President, it is well for the Scotch-Irish to remember that 
there were Scotch before there were Scotch-Irish, and I want to 
present to you this morning a typical Scotchman who was fortunate 
In being born on the sid^ of Scotland nearest Ireland, where he 
eould look over and see that country. He came out to Iowa as a 
boy and became an Iowa farmer, and I want to show to these 
strangers a typical Iowa farmer, and after being sent to Congress 
three times was then permitted to be a professor of agriculture in 
the Agricultural College of Iowa. I beg leave to introduce Hon. 
James Wilson. 

Mr. Wilson's address: 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a great honor to be 
permitted to appear briefly before the princes of any people, but 
more especially among those with whom I claim sonje little kindred, 
and who have figured so prominently in statecraft, war, and indus- 
try for these many centuries. I could not undei'stand why Dr. 
Wallace wanted me down here to speak just five minutes. I wanted 
to come and look at your prominent people and look at youi-self, 
but I see it now. He wanted to show the difference between the 
original undeveloped Scotchman and the man who has two hundred 
years of development from Ireland in his veins. [Applause.] And 
here, if you will permit me to point out the difference that exists be- 
tween a genuine Scotchman and the developed Scotchman, I will 
say that in the genuine Scotchman his characteristics are well de- 
fined. We can see an Englishman clear enough. 

Gov. Jackson yesterday went a little farther and told you 



PROCEEDINGS. 45 

how you have developed from the original sample, pure and simple 
as you see it now before you. You have become more eloquent, I 
am satisfied of that, and you have become more warm-hearted, and 
you have become a good many other things. I feel toward Gov. 
Jackson as "Old Hickory" felt toward one of his old New Orleans 
soldiiers. Somebody told President Jackson after he went to the 
White House that he should discharge a certain postmaster. 
"Why?" said he. 

" Because he is backbiting you. He says he knows you, and you 
are overbearing; you take the bit in your teeth and you have your 
own way; that you are bigoted, and all that sort of things." 

"Well," he said, "he did his duty at New Orleans, and as long 
as I am President of the United States he can abuse me to his 
heart's content." 

So I think of Gov. Jackson: so long as he can say an ugly thing 
and make you people feel proud, he can abuse me to his heart's 
content. 

I lived in the old land of capes until I was sixteen years old ; 
lived among the Scotch-Irish, as Dr. Wallace states, and I could look 
across and see the mountains of Moran in the southwest of Scotland. 
The prominent reflection that comes to my mind, after living forty 
years in the United States, is the difference there is. Those people 
lived apart as milestones are set apart — just a mile apart. And the 
Celt and Scot, and the Scotch-Irish did business together, but they 
never afliliated, and I do not recollect of one single instance of inter- 
marriage between those people during that sixteen years of my life. 
Anybody who looks closely into the inside of affairs there could tell 
very well that the religious training of the people had everything to 
do with it. I have been forty years in Iowa, or nearly so. I have 
lived in the same neighborhood with the genuine Scot direct from 
Scotland, and the genuine Celt direct from the South of Ireland, and 
the Scotch-Irishman. We have lived in harmony together all these 
years. Our children all went to school together. 

The generation to which I belong is being gradually gathered to 
its fathers. They are going to churchyards and they are going to 
the same churchyards, and they do not do that in the old country. 
The children have been brought up in the same common schools, 
and we do not have it that way in the old country. They are inter- 
marrying in my acquaintance down there in Tama County, where 
I have lived so long, and they do not know anything about their 
grandfathers or their great-grandfathers. Many of them never 



46 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

heard the names of their grandfathers mentioned, and they do not 
e&re. They have become developed, become good Americans, and 
the Scotch, and the ScotchJrish, and the Celt, and everything else 
have been combined and walked together in freedom. Ephraim 
does not vex Judah here in the United States, and Judah does not 
vex Ephraim. A reflection comes to me this morning that, as much 
as Ireland has done in the last two or three hundred years for you 
people, yet the United States has put on the cap sheaf through her 
public inBtitutions. And this one flag above us here has enabled us 
to develop so that it is not a question whether we develop pure 
Scotchmen or Irishmen or Scotch-Irishmen, but the question is here 
with ourselves. What kind of a neighborhood do we live in? and 
what kind of citizens do we make? I recognize kindred tastes be- 
tween the genuine Scot and the Scotch-Irish ; I see it all along the 
line. Just to what you may attribute most the amount of brain 
power and vitality of our best development is diflicult for nie to 
say. 

The eloquent gentleman who addressed us this morning called 
your attention to the different proclamations and principles that 
have marked the eras in the history of the development of the 
West, but there is one thing that has had as much to do with the 
development of you and your fathers as anything else, and perhaps 
more than any other one thing, and that is the Shorter Catechism. 
[Applause.] I recollect, I notice also that among our people we can 
trace back to a kindred punishment. I remember when I was a 
boy and did not behave — and it is generally on Sunday that a boy 
does not behave — you know Euskin says that a Scotchman is a man 
who keeps the Sabbath day and everything else he can get his hands 
on. [Laughter.] When I was a little fellow I did not keep the Sab- 
bath as I should. You know it is hai'd for a little fellow under six- 
teen to get his face down into the recognized Presbyterian form at 
that time of life. My punishment generally came in getting Psalms. 
By and by I could see Wgtit breaking ahead, and I used to know 
most of those old Psalms, and it was not so difficult to get my three 
or four verses in the corner; but the old Scotchman was up to all of 
thoHe things, and when be became satisfied that I had the Psalms in 
pretty good shape he started in on the New Testament, and I re- 
member once of getting eight verses from the eighth chapter of 
Eoraans, beginning: " There is therefore now no condemnation," etc. 

This kind of training is what has made the Scotchman and the 
Scotch-Irishman. Historians tell us that two hundred years ago 



PROCEEDINGS. 



47 



Scotland had common schools for the purpose of teaching the peo- 
ple 10 read the Bible. Scotland is a poor country, a very poor . 
countiy compared with Iowa, and she cannot give her children 
very much, but she gave them that. She taught them, and she has 
been teaching them to read the Bible and commit the Shorter Cate- 
chism, and there is more in that— permit me to venture the asser- 
tion in the presence of such a high court as this — ^there is more in 
that than in any other document of its size that is printed in the 
English language. [Applause.] The work that has been done by 
the people of the United States in the building of this republic has 
been done well; and the parts taken by different nationalities is 
•creditable to them, and the position occupied by the Scotch-Irish is 
unquestioned and not to be challenged. They are not claiming too 
much — those people. Much has been done and well done. There 
lire new responsibilities, gentlemen, upon us; there is new immigra- 
tion. 

Forty years ago the man came to Iowa who wanted a home ; now 
they are coming to Iowa who do not want homes, and the homes 
Are not here for them. We are getting the paupers of Europe; we 
itre getting the rascals of Europe. As Burns says: 

Blacklegs of every deDomination, 
And thugs of every rank and station. 

And such classes as are carried here now are not wanted in our new 
•country. The old world is unloading its paupers and criminals onto 
the United States, and while we are not getting new doctrines from 
these people, we are getting things new to our experience. People * 
are coming who want to blow up our institutions; people coming 
who want to take the property that we have worked and toiled for, 
iind divide it; people coming of all creeds and beliefs, people who 
iire burdens to the country they come from, and who are managed 
there as we manage prairie fires here: by smothering them out. 
^here is a responsibility now upon the people of the United States, 
and there is work for every man who loves a republic," and there is 
work here for the Scotch-Irishman to establish correct principles 
with regard to individual libeHy and with regard to property be- 
fore the law. [Applause.] It must be settled, and settled well, that 
what a man works for in the United States is his, and that the law 
will protect, and well protect it [applause], and that every man's 
life is at the disposition of the executive of the State or nation for 
the protection of any man who owns any property of any kind, and 
^ur women at the back doors are not the proper forces to deal with 



48 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

those tramps who are going through the country by the hundreds. 
They must be dealt with by the power of the law. I say that 
every idle man in the United States can be set to work while con- 
tending parties in Washington are determining as to whether or 
not values shall be changed by the duty. No man can be expected 
to receive four dollars a day for the work of an artisan, nor can he 
expect two dollars for working on the farm ; but I repeat, the peo- 
pie .of Iowa, and people who will work for what they earn, can 
get some board and clothing, and some wages, and every idle man 
can be set to work without any difficulty. But it has come to a 
time when the people think the world owes them a living. 

The world owes no man that comes into it anything, nothing 
whatever. If you exclude Christianity, one of the prominent 
features of the Scotch-Irish is that the world does not owe any- 
thing to anybody. The strong take what they want, and hold 
what they can. Now, gentlemen, responsibilities before us are just 
as great as the responsibilities were in 1860, when Sumter was fired 
upon. What boots all this building up of property and beautifying 
of our cities, the construction of oi^r railroads, and the construction 
of those beautiful farm homes if the o£fscourings of Europe are to 
come here and organize themselves in bands and come and take 
those homes from us. [Applause.] There never was more need 
for the genuine qualities that are found in the developed Scotch- 
Irishman than there is to-day. [Applause.] 

President Bonner 

We will now listen to some music, " Skye Boat Song," contralto 
solo, by Miss Josephine Wallace. 

The cultivated voice of Miss Wallace never gave greater 
pleasure, and she. was repeatedly applauded. 
President Bonner; 

Opportunity will now be given to gentlemen of the Society to 
propose persons for membership. Kev. Dr. Macintosh, our Vice 
President General, who has done so much good work in connection 
with our Society in building it up, will now explain the modus 
operandi. 

Judge Casady : 

Mr. President: The first name will be Hon. John A. Kasson, ex- 
Congressman, ex-Minister to Vienna and Berlin, who has occupied 
several prominent positions. I propose his name as a member of 



PROCEEDINGS. 49 

this association. And while 1 am up I will propose two others: 
Woods Hutchinson, M.D., an active young physician who ena- 
bled us to carry out our written programme yesterday, and has in 
various other ways been of great assistance to us — I propose his 
name also; and Hobert Fullerton, a gentleman who has been known 
for many years as one of the most energetic business men we have 
had in the community, and every one would know that he was a 
Scotch-Irishman by looking at him — I propose his name also. 

Dr. John Hall: 

I take this opportunity of proposing the name of Mr. John Bor- 
land, a business man in Mason City, la., a son of a high-class 
clergyman in my native land, and whose family, partly in this 
country now, do great honor to the race to which they belong. 

Dr. Macintosh : 

Mr. President^ Ladies and Gentlemen: 1 think it is advisable al- 
ways on these occasions to make clear the conditions of member- 
ship. Even after the statement made yesterday, questions have 
been put to me and to others, whether a person requires to have 
been actually born in Ulster to become a member of this Society? 
It does not matter how far back you were born in Ulster, provided 
that you are here now and wish to become a member of this So- 
ciety. All you have to do is to find out some one of your mater- 
nal or paternal line who was born in Ulster, or resided there for a 
time. All such persons, ladies and gentlemen, are open to nomina- 
tion and election within our Society, and I think it is well that that 
should be distinctly known. We are very desirous that in each of 
the places where we hold our Congress the representative citizens, 
their wives, and their daughters should become members of our as- 
sociation, and therefore the opportunity is now given to you to 
make nominations for membership. 

I am permitted, by special privilege I may say, to present for 
membership the first fruits of Des Moines. It is my privilege, Mr. 
President, to propose for membership Mr. Simon Casady, the son 
of our honored Vice President for Iowa, and Chairman of the Local 
Committee, and Mrs. S. S. Casady, both children of the city whose 
splendid hospitality and kindness we are now enjoying. I propose 
this lady and gentleman for membership. 

I am also charged with the pleasing duty of proposing one of the 
leading citizens and clergymen of the city of Detroit for member- 
4 



60 TH£ 600TCH-IBISH IK AMEBIOA. 

ship, Rev. Wallace EadclifTe, D.D., pastor of the First PresbyteriaB 
Church. } 

It is also my pleasant duty on this occasion to propose for mem- 
bership a distinguished citizen of my native city, Philadelphia, and 
a man whose name carries with it the credentials of his birth and 
the feelings of his ancestors, a soldier who distinguished himself on 
many a hotly contested field, and one who is a devoted lover of our 
race, its history, and its finest traditions — Gen. Eobert Emmett Pat- 
terson. I propose these for membership. 

Mr. Wallace; 

I wish to propose to this Association for membership the Hon. 
Joseph Sampson, of Sioux City, a Scotch-Irishman by birth, and a 
native of the County Down, and one of the best known men of the 
younger class in the State of Iowa. 

Dr. Macloskie: 

Mr. President: I wish to propose the name of Mr. Samuel Magow- 
an Hall, of Kansas City, a brother of our distinguished Vice Pres- 
ident, Dr. Hall. I am sure we will all be glad to have him. 

Now I have to propose another name, in regard to which I had 
some doubts, but the clear enunciation of our by-laws as laid down 
by our Vice President General says he is eligible. He is a cousin 
of Prof. Wilson, who has addressed us. He is a Scotchman and has 
lived quite awhile in Ireland, and some of his children were born in 
Ireland. He is one of the best friends I have. I think his name is 
probably known to some present. His name is Dr. James McCosh, 
of Princeton, N. J. 

Rev. W. L. Tarbett : 

I wish to present the name of George W. Moore, of Armour, 
Morgan County, 111. Ho was born in this country, but his father 
was an Ulster Irishman and born in Ireland. 

Mr. George H. Frey: 

In duty bound I come as a representative of the Buckeye State 
to make a divided proposal: I propose the name of a citizen of 
Michigan and one of Ohio. The citizen of Michigan is Lieut. 
Frederick S. Calhoun, of Detroit. He is a brother of Lieut. 
Calhoun, who was mercilessly massacred on the field of the Lit- 
tle Big Horn, following Gen. Crook, after that massacre, in the 
suppression of Sitting Bull. This Lieut. Calhoun whom I pro- 
pose merely sacnficed his own life by exposure to those terrible 



PROCEEDINGS. 51 

<tormB that prevailed. You who are familiar with the hietoiy of it 
will understand. I will vouch for him in every particular, that 
he is a good Scotch-Irishman and that he will bring no discredit 
on the Society. 

I now- ask the privilege of presenting the name of another, Mr. 
Robert Eogers Frey, of Council Bluffs, Iowa. I need not state 
more, perhaps. You have something of a genealogy in your book, 
and he is of the same stock. Dr. Hall understands where the 
Scotch-Irish comes in. I met the Doctor for the first time at Co- 
lumbia, Tenn., when this Society was organized. We met to- 
gether in a little circle — our admirable President, Mr. Bonner, Dr. 
Hail, Dr. Macintosh, and Prof. Macloskie. I was introduced to 
them all by Col. McDowell, of Nashville, and as soon as the little 
ceremony was through with Dr. Hall looked over at me (you know 
he can look down on most of us), and, says he: "It does not strike 
me that there is any Scotch-Irish in your name." 

Says I: "No, no. Doctor, it ns distinctly Swiss; but I got my 
Scotch-Irish from my good mother, who was a Calhoun." 

"Ah! " said he, "that explains it." 

Mr. President, I submit these two names. 

Mr. Robert Mortland : 

Mr. President: I have great pleasure in presenting the name of 
Mr. William Gordon, of Sioux City, for memberahip. I also wish 
to put in nomination Samuel P. Cochran, of Dallas, Tex.; also 
Harry T. I.owther, of Dallas, Tex.; Hon. Samuel McGagan, of Dal- 
las, Tex.; and Charles L. Coyner, of San Diego, Tex. 

All of the gentlemen nominated were unanimously elected 
members. 

President Bonner: 

Dr. Macintosh has business announcements that he wishes to 
make. 

Dr. Macintosh: 

I have some business notices to make now. The Assistant Sec- 
tary will be found at his headquarters at the Savery House to do 
some important work for the members attending this convention. 
You will bear in mind it is necessary for you to have your railroad 
tickets duly attested and signed in order that you may obtain your 
return ticket at one-third fare rate. I am also requested to add 
that the badge?* will be found at the Savery House, in the Club 



52 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

room, where Mr. Patterson and other friends will attend to sucb 
duties. 

Dr. McConnell; 

I would like to request that if there are any of the ministerial 
brethren who have not reported to me — visiting brethren — I would 
be glad to have them d9 so at the close of the services to-day, so that 
we may be able to use them on next Sunday. The popular meeting 
will be held this evening in the Christian Church, corner Ninth and 
Pleasant Streets. The members of the Society — the duly enrolled 
members of the Society — are notified that the only business meet- 
ing will be held this afternoon in the Club Eoom of the Savery 
House at half past three o'clock. This is a business meeting of the 
Society, and will be open only to the members of the Association. 

President Bonner: 

Gentlemen, the Convention now stands adjourned until eight 
o'clock this evening, to meet in the Christian Church« 

AFTERNOON SESSION. 
Business Meeting. 

The Congress was called to order by the President, Mr, 
Bonner, in the Club Room of the Savery House at half past 
three o'clock in the afternoon. 

President Bonner: 

We will now be led in prayer by Dr. HalL 

Dr. John Hall : 

O God Almighty, our Heavenly Father, God and Father of our 
Lord Jesus Christ, we worship Thee; we magnify Thy great and 
glorious name; we own our dependence upon Thee, and we pray 
for a spirit of consecration that with our whole nature we may 
glorify and honor Thee; for all blessings that we have inherited we 
give Thee thanks and praise, and the blessings that have come ono 
by one enabling us to profit by these privileges; do Thou, we pray 
Thee, in tender mercy transmit these privileges to the generations 
to come after us; enable them to serve and honor Thee, according 
to Thy holy will. We invoke Thy holy presence with us now. 
We pray that Thou wilt give us wisdom that cometh from above, 
so that we may know what is best to do in the conditions where we 



PROCEEDINGS. 53 

are placed. May every step taken by this organization be for the 
good of our fellow-men, and for the glory of Tby great name. We 
humbly beg these blessings for Jesus^s sake. Amen. 

The report of the Executive Committee was then read by 
the Secretary, Mr. A. C. Floyd. 

Eeport of the Executive Committee for the Year Ending with 

THE Des Moines Congress. 

The plans of procedure upon which the Executive Committee 
has acted during the last twelve months have been practically the 
same as those pursued for the preceding year, experience having 
demonstrated them to be the best that can be adopted in the pres- 
ent condition of our Society. 

A new feature introduced into the composition of the Committee 
by the National Council at its last meeting was the election for the 
year of a member living at the place where our next meeting is to be 
held. The committeeman thus chosen will be known as the local 
member. Mr. Henry Wallace was elected such member for Des 
Moines. Belonging to both the National and Local Committees, 
the resident member represents both and serves as a link to con- 
nect them closely in their work. 

Mr. Wallace and Hon. P. M. Casady, were the first representa- 
tives of the Scotch-Irish of Iowa to interest themselves in extend- 
ing us an invitation to meet in Des Moines. Mr. Casady was one 
-of the first to join the Society after its organization, and has been 
our honored Vice President for this State almost from the time his 
membership in it began. 

He took the initiative in organizing the Scotch-Irish Society of 
Iowa, and in arousing the interest which led to the invitation that 
was extended, bidding us to Des Moines in the name of the Grov- 
ernor of Iowa, the Senators and Representatives and other high 
officials of the State, together with the strongest commercial, civic, 
:and religious organizations of the capital city. The invitation was 
presented to our Congress at Atlanta by Mr. Henry Wallace with 
such force and eloquence that it could not have been resisted except 
for the prior claims of Springfield, O., which the Iowa delegates 
conceded when they came to understand the situation. The invi-. 
tation was renewed at our Springfield Congress last year, Mr. Wallace 
again acting as spokesman of his State, and being strongly seconded 
fcy Rev. Howard A. Johnston and Hon. Samuel McNutt. 



64 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Before leaviDg Springfield, the Committee decided by a unani* 
mous vote to accept the hospitality of Des Moines, and to hold here 
the sixth annual Congress of the Society. This decision was made 
not only because of the prestige and cordiality with which the 
claims of Des Moines were urged, but because it was felt that our 
coming hero would servo to arouse additional interest in our work 
throughout the North weet, within whose territory we had never 
before met. With this idea prominently in view, it was agreed at 
the beginning that the Local CommHtee should be invested with 
more than the usual power in making the arrangements for the 
Congress, and should assume more than ordinary responsibility in 
making a success of the event. 

In pursuance of this purpose, all of the principal speakers for the 
occasion, with one or two exceptions, have been chosen by the Local 
Committees, and to them has been left almost entirely the arrange- 
ments of all the details. How well they have fulfilled the trust 
reposed in them, the gathering here assembled will attest. The 
burden of the work has devolved on Mr. Casady, who was selected 
as Chairman of the Local Committee. Although a man of affairs, 
and occupying positions of much responsibility, he has devoted 
himself to the work of providing for our entertainment and com- 
fort. 

Closely associated with him in the work has been Hon. John 
Scott, the honored President of the Scotch-Irish Society of Iowa; 
Mr. Wallace, Hon. Jefferson S. Polk, and Dr. Woods Hutchinson, of 
the Committee on Transportation; Mr. D. B. Pattereon, Secretary; 
Mr. W. H. Fleming, the State Secretary; Col. Barlow Granger, and 
other members of the resident committee, who will be given mer- 
ited mention in our next volume of proceedings. 

Eealizing that it was largely a home affair, they have devoted 
themselves particularly to bringing the Society to the attention of 
the Scotch-Irish in Iowa and neighboring States, and in the accom- 
plishment of that purpose have made liberal use of the press with- 
in the specified territory, and other means of giving publicity to 
the meeting, though they have not neglected to give proper notice 
to other parts of the country. The great distance they would have 
been compelled to travel prevented the Vice President General and 
Secretary from visiting Des Moines and conferring with the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements, as has been the usual custom, and there- 
fore the Local Committee has had entire charge of the details of 
plans for the entertainment of the Congress. It is hoped that thia^ 



PROCEEDINGS. 65 

meeting will have the desired effect in arousing increased interest 
among the race in this section of the nation, and that it will result 
in the addition of many new members to our ranks. 

The gathering at Springfield resulted in bringing in about seven- 
ty-five new members, being the most successful meeting in this 
respect that we have ever held. The principal cause for this grati- 
fying result was the setting apart of a certain time on our pro- 
gramme when nominations for membership could be made in open 
meeting, a custom that will hereafter be kept up. We regret to 
state that the increase in memberehip during the year has not been 
commensurate with that encouraging beginning. 

The recruits to our ranks since the Springfield Congress have 
been about the same that they have been at corresponding periods 
in former years. A principal reason for this undoubtedly has been 
the hard times that have prevailed. Considering the depression, 
our collections from old members have been as great as could have 
been expected. Our receipts from regular sources of income have 
been about equal to those of the year previous. The financial con- 
dition of the Society is better than at the end of last year, the 
principal difference being made by a reduction in the Secretary'^ 
salary, which he requested at the beginning of the year for the pur- 
pose of relieving the Society of its financial burdens. While realiz- 
ing that the salary formerly paid was none too large, the Commit- 
tee accepted the Secretary's proposal of reduction in the spirit and 
for the purpose that it was made. 

During the year one new State Society has been organized. It 
is the Minnesota branch, which owes its existence to the efforts 
chiefly of Mr. John Espy, of St. Paul. There has been little activ- 
ity in the State Societies with the exception of the Pennsylvania 
and Kentucky organizations. Plans will be propo5?ed to this Con- 
gress for increasing the interest of these branch Societies. One of 
the means suggested is to have their Secretaries make reports at 
each Congress for publication in our annual volumes. Such reports 
have been requested of them this 3'ear, and one or more of them 
will be submitted before the Congress adjourns. Other methods of 
arousing a more active and widespread interest in our work will also 
be proposed, which we are confident will result in substantial benefit. 

More of our annual volumes have been sold and distributed this 
year than ever before, and they are becoming standard works from 
which the historians of the day are drawing copiously. 

The result is that the influence which the Scotch-Irish have ex- 



56 THE SCOTGH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

ercised in the history of this country cannot and will not longer be 
ignored by intelligent writers who shall hereafter tell the story of 
the nation's life. In this respect the Society has been an unquali- 
fied success, so far as it has gone. But it has barely sketched the 
outlines of the race record. 

The details of the grand narrative have yet to be filled out, and 
they are endless in their variety. They furnish an inexhaustible 
treasure to the biographer and writer on particular phases of the 
race history. To accomplish this work is the great reason for per- 
petuating the Scotch-Irish Society of America, and it is a reason 
which should excite every member of the race to enthusiastic sup- 
port of the organization. 

At the same time the educational feature of the Society, which 
is a corollary of its historical works, should not be lost sight of, nor 
should its social benefits be undervalued. It must be remembered 
that, if we are to continue the work and keep the Society up to 
the high standard that it has attained, the unremitting interest and 
effort of our members is necessary. 

The only drawback so far has been the fact that our income from 
regular sources has never been, until this year, equal to our neces- 
sary expenses. At the beginning of this year we owed S748.07 
more than the balance in the hands of the Treasurer would pay* 
That amount had to be met out of the receipts of the present year. 
Had it not been for this, we would now have a slight balance in the 
treasury over and above what we owe — that is, the receipts from 
regular sources this year have been a little more than the expenses for 
the same period. As it is, the accounts show a balance in the hands of 
the Treasurer ^t the close of the Society year of $376.13. There re- 
main, however, outstanding liabilities of $986.36, against which may 
be set off seven hundred volumes of the annual proceedings still on 
hand at the estimated value of $500. Aside from this, however, 
voluntary contributions from Mr. Robert Bonner, President, and 
Mr. John Mcllhenny, Treasurer, of about $300 each, have been 
made at this meeting, which entirely wipes out the indebtedness of 
the Society, and starts us on the new year without owing a dollar. 

The total receipts for the present year, including a balance in the 
hands of the Treasurer brought over from last year, are $2,132.36. 
Of this amount, $416.93 is the last year's balance; $1,183, member- 
ship dues; $512, books sold; and $19, a special donation from Mr. 
M. J. Hamill, of New York City, sent through Dr. John Hall; and 
$1.43 interest. 



PliOCEEDINGS. 57 

The expenditures for the past year amount to (1,756.23, includ- 
ing the following: For debts left over from last year, $1,165; for 
printing and sending out reports of the present year, 9348.55; on 
Secretary's salary, $100; and for stamps, stationery, circulars, and 
miscellaneous items of expense, $142.68. 

Special Eeport. 

The Executive Committee report that our Vice President Gren- 
eral, Rev. Dr. Macintosh, has again tendered his resignation of 
office. As he has had much to do with arranging for our annual 
meetings, and as their success is largely due to his exertions, we 
suggest a special acknowledgment of his important and veiy ardu- 
ous services; and therefore we offer the following: 

1, That the special thanks of the Society are due, and are here- 
by tendered to, our Vice President General, Rev, John S. Macin- 
tosh, D.D. 

2. That we regard the retention of his services as very desira- 
ble for the continued prosperity of the Society, and we earnestly 
request him not to press his resignation. 

On motion, the report was accepted. 
President Bonner: 

The next business in order is appointing a Committee on Nomi- 
nations. I believe it is customary for the Chair to appoint that 
committee. I will name Dr. Hall, of New York; Mr. Wallace, of 
Iowa ; Mr. Frey, of Ohio ; and Mr. Hunter, of Texas. 

It was moved and seconded that the committee be permit- 
*ted to retire for consultation. The motion was carried. 
Dr. Macintosh : 

Mr, President: "While this special committee is engaged in mak- 
ing their nominations, 1 might be permitted to bring up a matter 
before the meeting. The resolutions which have been introduced 
into this report in regard to myself have been entirely unknown to 
me, and I do not know exactly what to say in connection with 
them. As you yourself are aware, sir, I should not have been here 
at all on this occasion if it had not been under the^strong compul- 
sion of your own personal request. For reasons known to you and 
Mr. Floyd, I had resolved to resign my office; and in view of that 
resolution, which you by your personal kindness and entreaty 
<;ausid mo in the meantime to forego, I had prepared a letter for 



68 THE BCOTCH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

the consideration of this Society. It is necessary, Mr. President 
and gentlemen, that we shall give at this time earnest attention to 
the present condition and interests of our Society, and it is highly 
desirable that some action be taken with the view of keeping up 
the interest in our Society, prosecuting its great designs, enlarging 
our membership, and securing the rapidly disappearing memories 
of the older members of our race, and trying to draw forth from their 
hiding places important records which I have, during this past year 
of my oflScial connection with the Society, learned are actually in 
existence. A great many things may be done by us, Mr. President 
and gentlemen, without any great personal inconvenience and with- 
out any expense to the Society. We are all busy men, more or less 
public men, and occasions of business and professional life call us 
here and there during the course of the year. It is entirely within 
our province to speak of and urge the claims of our Society upon 
the numerous great persons of our race. I had, until within a year 
or two, been largely possessed with the idea that our American 
newspaper power was unlimited; that if we got items into a news- 
paper we got them before everybody. To my perfect amazement, 
I might almost say consternation, I have discovered that, in spite 
of the fact that during each twelve months we have made more or 
less frequent statements to the public through some twenty-five 
hundred or three thousand of the journals of the country, there are 
at every point in the land intelligent men and women, reading news- 
papers daily and magazines monthly and books constantly, who do 
not know that they are themselves of this race and that this So- 
ciety is in existence. Now let me give you an illustration from my 
own personal experience : Public duties called me to Detroit in the 
month of March of this year. With the exception of one single 
member, so far as I know, of our Society in that city, a personal 
friend of my own, who had come to know of this Society through 
our correspondence, there were not two other persons in that city 
who knew anything about our organization. I took occasion to re- 
fer to it, and the consequence was that one leading Scotchman of 
that city requested me to make a nomination for membership, which 
I have done this day ; and Dr. Eadcliffe has now become one of our 
members, and will, I doubt not, become an efficient missionary in 
our cause. Take another: Col. Robert E. Patterson, my neighbor 
in Philadelphia, an intimate friend living across the street from me, 
supposing himself to be posted in all matters connected' with our 
race, did not know that there was a national Society. He had 



PROCEEDINGS. 59 

heard of the State Society, but had not learned of this, though our 
Philadelphia papers are supplied two or three times a month with 
little paragraphs. So you see we are required to do per.^onal work 
among our own personal circles of friends. That is one of the most 
effective ways of increasing our membership, and I think we should 
consider the advisability of getting in our respective States not only 
Vice Presidents for the States, but also State Secretaries. Now, in 
those States where there are State Secretaries very important work 
has been done during the past year. By my energetic friend Mr 
McKeehan, in Philadelphia, by Mr. Prey, in Ohio, and several other of 
our State Secretaries, very important State work has been done. I 
think the number of our State Secretaries ought to be increased, 
and we ought to look out for active, large-hearted, enthusiastic men 
who will prosecute this work. Take, for example, the large city of 
Chicago. I look to Brother Johnston over there in the corner, sit- 
ting so suggestively at the door ; I hope that he is going to be our 
door in Chicago, and that he will get a number of men together in 
Chicago. Dr. Macloskie and myself addressed a number of men at 
the Columbian Fair to take an active part in this work. I think 
we should organize a Newspaper Committee. We have already 
one in our ranks, notably in the person of our President, to whom 
the newspaper world of this continent looks up with so much confi- 
dence and respect. We have in our circle a considerable number 
of influential men. Now, there might, and I think ought to, be a 
Newspaper Committee organized, who should strive to secure in 
each of our States, cities, and towns, and place on the staff of some 
one or other leading daily papers and weekly papers, a person who 
would receive paragraphs and information from time to time, and 
enlarge a little upon it, perhaps, and write a few " sticks," and put 
them in as a leader. That might influence public opinion and in- 
form the immediate readers of these journals of what we are doing. 
The fourth point is this: I am called upon a good deal to go to 
our colleges, schools, academies, and seminaries, and as I go round I 
find in every one of them, either as teacher or scholar, some mem- 
ber of our race. In these colleges there should be looked out some 
one, I should prefer a student, who would hunt up a list of the 
graduates and find out the Scotch-Irish who have been in the col- 
lege and who are now in the college, and try to furnish us with the 
information thus obtained. In this way we shall discover, to our 
great amazement and delight, that many of the lawyers, doctors, 
journalists, engineers, and the skilled laborers of the country are 



•60 THE S00T0H-IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

Scotch-Irish; probably one in five of the working brains in this 
whole land belong to our race. 

I think we ought to do another thing: One of the societies with 
which I am connected , and in whose work I take some little share, 
"The American Society of Political Economy and Social Science," 
adopted this rule at its beginning: That, in addition to the members 
who were proposed and elected, we should look out in each locality 
for desirable men and women, those who are interesting themselves 
in economic and social subjects, and nominate them for membership, 
and then write to them, sending them a circular which we draw up 
very carefully, saying: "Sir, or Madam: You have been unani- 
mously proposed and nominated for membership in our society. 
We should be very glad to enroll you among our- members. Will 
you be kind enough to fill up the accompanying slip, if you desii^e 
to have your name enrolled regularly upon our list of members, and 
forward with the membership fee of S5." In that way, Mr. Presi- 
dent and gentlemen, we have in a very few years made the mem- 
bership of our society the largest, or almost the largest — I do not 
know whether the "American Society for the Propagation of 
Science " is larger than that, but we have made our society one of 
the largest in numbers in the entire land. 

I desire now to throw out these observations. I have been sur- 
prised, as I said at the opening of my statement, by your resolu- 
tions regarding my resignation, and it will, of course, become my 
duty, as well as my courtesy, to carefully consider them and decide 
upon them at a future time. 

The Committee on Nominations returned at the close of 
Dr. Macintosh's remarks, and Mr. George H. Frey, as Chair- 
man, said: 

Mr, President: As you announced the committee, we all naturally 
supposed you designed Dr. Hall to be Chairman of the committee, 
but his great modesty forbade, and he insisted on my acting. Per- 
haps he thought "old men for counsel and young men for work," 
and therefore put me into the work. We have adopted unani- 
mously the following report: 

Eeport of Committee on Nominations. 

It is the unanimous wish of this committee, as we believe also 
of the membership in general of the Association, that Rev. John S.' 
Macintosh, D.D., be requested to withdraw his resignation, for he 



PKOCEEDINGS. 61 

has honored the race by his efficient labors in the Socict>' and 
otherwise, and his services in the future seem indispensable. 

We recommend the reelection of the officers of last year, with tho 
exception of the substitution of the name of Frank P. Thompson, 
as Vice President for California, vice Alexander Montgomery, de- 
ceased. 

Jpdge P. M. Casady was called to the chair tenaporarily. 
Mr. Dinsmore : 

If it would be in order, I would nominate for Vice President, in 
Kew Hampshire, Hon. Leonard A. Morrison, of Ganobie Lake, 
N. H. 

The motion was seconded. 
Mr. W. H. Hunter: 

I would move, Mr. Chairman, that the rule be suspended in this 
case, and Mr. Morrison be nominated by acclamation. 

The motion was seconded and carried. 

On motion, the report of the committee was adopted. 

Col. Keatley: 

I would move you, sir, Mr. President, that a committee, without 
naming the number, be appointed to take into consideration the 
suggestions made by Dr. Macintosh, and develop a line of policy 
consistent with these suggestions. 

The motion was seconded. 
Mr. Mcllhenny: 

Mr. President: I would suggest that Col. Keatley add to his mo- 
tion that this committee report at this session of the Congress. 

Col. Keatley: 

I accept the amendment. 

The motion was carried as amended. 
Judge Casady ; 

Mr. President: I move that the President appoint the oommit- 
tee, and that Col. Keatley be the Chairman. 

The motion was seconded and carried. 
Dr. Hall: 

The President can take his time to appoint the committee, and 
report at our evening meeting. 



62 THE S00TGH-IBI8H IN AMEBIOA* 

Dr. Macloskie: 

Mr, President: I desire to report as Auditor of Accounts. I 
have looked over the accounts of the Secretary and Treasurer, and 
have examined them sufficiently to be perfectly satisfied as to their 
accuracy. I will not go into the items. The balance in the treas- 
ury is $376.13. I present the report. 

On motion, the report was adopted. 
Mr. Frey: 

When I arrived in Des Moines, Mr. Bonner told me that the debt 
of the Society had been paid by our Treasurer, Mr. Mcllhenny, and 
another gentleman. He did not say who that other gentleman was, 
but I had guessed his name before the report of the Executive 
Committee was read, saying that the other gentleman was our 
President, Mr. Bonner, who has year after year supplied the whole 
or the greater part of whatever deficit there was in the Society's 
treasury. 

It is gratifying to know that the regular receipts of the Society 
for this year have paid the current expenses of the Society for the 
first time in its history. The amount of something more than $600, 
which Mr. Mcllhenny and the " other gentleman " have paid, takes 
the place of funds which were paid out on last year's debts. The 
Society is therefore for the first time on a paying basis, and it is 
hoped that it will continue so. 

The meeting then adjourned. 

EVENING SESSION. 

The Congress was called to order by President Bonner. 
President Bonner: 

Rev. James C. Quinn, D.D., LL.D., Director of St. John's Church, 
Mason City, la., will now load us in prayer. 

Rev. James C. Quinn: 

Let us kneel in prayer. 

Our Father in heaven, help us to worship Thee as our Creator, 
as our Preserver, and as our Redeemer, the only wise God, our 
Saviour. We rejoice that Thou hast promised to be where two or 
three have gathered in Thy name. We have gathered here to do 
the work that Thou hast intrusted to us, and we in all these serv- 
ices seek Thy glory, and whatsoever our hands find to do, to do it 



PliOCEEDINQS. 63 

with all our might. Bless this Congress; bless this assembly, and 
grant that what is done during these sessions of this body shall re- 
dound to Thy glory, and the well-being of society, and to the 
upbuilding of our common humanity, through Jesus, our Redeemer. 
Amen. 

President Bonner : 

We will now be favored with music, " Blue Bells of Scotland," by 
the Quartet. 

President Bonner: 

Col. John Keatley, Superintendent of the Soldiers* Home at Mar- 
shalltown, and one of your most prominent citizens, will now ad- 
dress us on Scotch-Irish development. 

Col. Keatley : 

Mr. Chairman^ Members of the National Congress of the Scotch^ 
Irish in America^ Ladies and Gentlemen: Before I proceed to the 
immediate topic to which I will address myself to-night, I have 
been requested by Col. Wright, of Nashville, Tenn., to read two 
short letters that have a bearing upon the object of our Association. 
One is from the Vice President of the United States, and is dated 
Washington, June 1, 1894: 

Hon. Thomas T. Wright, Des Moines, la. 

Afy Dear Sir: I beg to thank you sincerely for your very kind invitation 
to be present at the next meeting of the Scotch-Irish Congress, and exceed- 
ingly regret that the pressure of public duties will prevent the possibility of 
my doing so. 

While I have had the pleasure of attending but one Congress of the So- 
ciety, I have read its pro<.*eedings with great interest. Much good cim be 
accomplished by its annual meetings. The organization is in no sense parti- 
san or sectarian. I earnestly trust that the aims and purposes of the Society 
will continue to be those of its founders. 

Again thanking you, and regretting my inability to be present, I am, 

Yours very truly, A. E. Steimienson. 

The noblest Roman of them all! The noblest hero of Scotch- 
Irish blood in any age, in my opinion, was Andrew Jackson. All 
those of you who will remember the history of his early life will 
remember that not only by reason of the blood that coursed through 
his veins, but by reason of his Irish and Scotch-Irish ancestry, he 
had such a mortal hatred of the British lion that when a boy, 
scarcely fourteen years of age, he was ordered by a British officer 
during the Revolution to black his boots, and with true majihoud 



64 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

refused to^ make himself the menial of a tyrant, and there mani- 
fested, as well as throughout his whole career, that nobility of 
character that made him an object of grandeur in American histo- 
ry. I have a letter, written also to Col. Wright, by a gentleman 
who was by the bedside of Andrew Jackson, one who closed the 
eyes of this great statesman, soldier, and gentleman in death, 
which reads as follows: 
Col. T. T. Wright. 

Dear Sir: Your kind invitation to attend the annual session of the 
Scotch-Irish Congress is before me. An unusual pressure of public and pri- 
vate work prevents my acceptance of the same. However, fully sensible of 
your long and disinterested efforts to promote the material and intellectual 
welfare of the South, efforts which in Tennessee especially have been emi- 
nently fruitful, as I well know, it affords me pleasure to give the personal 
reminiscences you desire of a grand and original man, whose name and fame 
continually grow in brightness and beauty, as time brings out the enduring 
and momentous influences of his actions, and effaces mists and prejudices, 
arising from contemporary ignorance and partisan virulence. 

Andrew Jackson was a Trustee of the University of Nashville, of which 
my honored father was President, and thus from 1824 to 1845 they were 
colleagues and intimate friends. No trustee was more Mthful in the dis- 
charge of duty. As a friend of high culture he was a true disciple of Jef- 
ferson, the philosopher and statesman, and of course a valuable support to a 
college president My father, who refused the headship of more noted uni- 
versities than any other American scholar, always felt and expressed the 
warmest affection, respect, and esteem for the great hero. 

From early childhood to the hour of Gen. Jackson's death, June 8, 1845, 
when I witnessed his peaceful end, I had more or less opportunities of study- 
ing his character. All the college boys and all the people of Davidson County, 
in common with all Tennessee and a great part of the Union, lookeil upon 
Andrew Jackson as the greatest man of his day, and classed him as the peer 
of Washington. The more minutely they scanned his daily life, the more 
did they admire the nymmetry of his character. Brave as a lion, yet gentle 
as a lamb, white and black alike approached him always sure of a kindly 
greeting of a grand man who was absolutely without need of favor or votes. 
Perhaps no public man of this eventful nineteenth century wore his high 
honors with such unaffected and genuine simplicity, while perfectly con- 
scious of his exalted station and unbounded popularity. Doubtless this was 
the secret of the almost worshipful reverence shown him by generation 
after generation of college boys, and by all his neighbors, a majority of whom 
in his later days were of different political opinions. 

Like many public men of his day. President Jackson was not a minute 
orthographist. From necessity he was a self-educated, but a well-educated 
man. He was a good lawyer, a capital business man on a large scale, and a 
keen student of political science. Some say he was narrow. Not a bit more 
so than Jefferson and other doctrinaires; not a particle more so than scores of 



PROCEEDINaS. 65 

shining li^htp in each political party of this day. Notwithstanding oft-re- 
peated and voluminous testimony to the contrary, Gen. Jackson is often 
spoken of as a rough and coarse man. This strange mistake can be ac- 
counted for only by the ignorance of those who commit the error. Many 
writers and speakers have never read an authentic memoir of the one great 
general in our second war for independence, and because he was a pioneer 
and an Indian fighter they hastily conclude that of necessity such traits of 
character were his. No Eastern popular error is wider of the mark. Sevier 
and Robertson, Houston and Jackson, were Christian men, and men of high 
culture, who laid the foundations of a great commonwealth, which for more 
than a hundred years has furnished the nation with not only multiplied 
thousands of unflinching soldiers, but also with scores of eloquent preachers, 
statei^men, and orators. It is high time that this myth as to the w^ildness and 
roughness of our early pioneers of the South and West was exploded. They 
were not a whit more so than were the pioneers of the E&stern States. 

For high courtesy, Andrew Jackson was preeminently noted. No one 
ever came in even slight contact with him without being thus convinced. 
Not even the truly grand Emperor, Charles V., than whom no monarch in 
Europe was ever more beloved, so impressed the crowds of welcoming peo- 
ple as did Jackson the multitudes of the educated North and East during 
his celebrated progress in the nullification era. He captured all hearts by 
his grace and urbanity. 

Thus hastily have I endeavored to comply with your request In conclu- 
sion, allow me to congratulate you upon the brilliant past history of the 
Scotch-Irish Congress, and also upon Uie hopeful career ahead. With high 
respect, 

Your friend, John Bkbrikn Lindslbt. 

Nashville, Tenn., Jane 1, 1894. 

When invited first by the ofi^cers of this Association, some months 
ago, to deliver some kind of an address to the Congress during its ses- 
sion, I had concluded that what I would say I would endeavor to say ex- 
temporaneously, that manner of addressing audiences being always more 
acceptable than the reading of manuscript. But as every word said 
in these proceedings, which are more or less of an historical character, 
goes down in print for the use of on coming generations, and in a degree 
for the use of our own as showing what has been accomplished by the 
Scotch-Irish race in America, and not only in America but throughout 
the world, I deemed it proper and indeed necessary that what I should 
say to-night, if I should have an assignment in the programme, should be 
put down in a permanent form for the immediate use of the officers of 
the Association, as well as for yourself, should you take the pains here- 
after to read the records of this Congress. 

(For Col. Keatley's paper, see Part II., page 103.) 
5 



I 
66 THE SOOTOH-IRISn IN AMERICA. 

President Bonner: 

Dr. J. W. Hamilton, Corresponding Secretary of the Southern Edu- 
cational Society of the Methodist Church, will now address us. Dur- 
ing our meetings hitherto we have had a very prominent member of 
the Methodist Church, Rev. Dr. Kelley, with us. I received a letter 
from him in which he says : " It is with regret that I have to decline 
the invitation to Des Moines this year. My associations with the 
Congress have been so delightful that I regret that it will not be in my 
power to attend this year." At the same time I received a letter from 
a gentleman, one of the members of our Executive Committee, and 
Vice President for the State of Alabama, Dr. Bryson, ex-Moderator of 
the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. We have always 
concluded that these two brethren, Dr. Kelley and Dr. Bryson, o£&et 
each other so that we will not have the name of a sectarian body. 
Dr. Bryson writes as follows: 

HuNTSviLLE, Ala., June 5, 1894. , 

Dear Mr, Bonner: After your letter was received, I determined to make a 
renewed effort to get away, but the sudden death of a friend, followed by a 
funeral at which I must officiate, now makes it impossible for me to get away. 
I was very anxious to meet with you at Des Moines, but everywhere I was 
hedged in. I regret the matter exceedingly, but I must forego the pleasure 
of being with the CJongress and the good people of Des Moines. Will you 
please tender my excuse to the Executive Committee and to the Congrei's 
that sudden death and affliction render it impossible for me to he present 
Remember me to Dr. Hall, Dr. Macintosh, and Prof. Macloskie. With 
kindest regards to yourself, I am. 

Yours truly, J. H. Bbysom. 

President Bonner: 

We shall now have the pleasure of listening to Dr. Hamilton. 

Dr. Hamilton : 

Mr. Preddent, Sisters and Brothers: I am a bit tempted to avail 
myself at this late hour of this warm night of my Methodist privilege. 
I believe you recollect the distinction that the Quaker made when he 
was giving a definition of the difference between the Quaker and the 
Methodist He said: '*You know a Quaker is a Quaker, and a 
Methodist is an earthquakes" But I can skip a bit I have been 
trying to run over with a pencil and see if I can do so. I am a good 
deal like the brother who has just preceded me, and I feel like recall- 
ing the story that John Romish tells of the clergyman, who when his 
congregation asked him what made him take his old papers to the pul- 
pit, said it was best, for really he could not remember his sermon, and 



PROCEEDINGS. 67 

must have his papers. " Well, well, minister, how do you expect we 
•can remember? " 

I have obtained the right to ask admission to the new membership, 
or to a membership in this Society by inheritance. I am a Scotch- 
Irish American. I am an American by birth, an Irishman by the 
birth of my grandmother, and a Scotchman by the birth of some of 
my grandfathers' grandfathers. My father bore the original name and 
surname of the martyr whom John Howey Logowen honored in his 
famous book entitled "The Scotch World." Now, some of the dukes 
of my family have behaved very badly, but quite a number of the 
more common people amongst us are quite interested in helping them 
turn oyer a new leaf. I know a gentleman in Boston who has been 
gathering figures of noted living persons for more than twenty years. 

Please remember I do not propose to speak upon Irish Methodists, 
nor did I intend to. I am a little sensitive in regard to my name. 
You call me J. H. . Hamilton. My mother would not know me by 
that name. My name is J. W. I have not come to speak on Metho- 
dism. A good lady said to me: "Are you going to speak on Irish 
Methodists?" "No," said I; "on Scotch-Irish Methodists." She 
said: "I thought not; I thought you were all Presbyterians." I 
know a gentleman who has been gathering figures for more than 
twenty years. His collection numbers many thousands, and I have 
seen no more curious museum anywhere. 

(For Dr. Hamilton's address, see Part II.) 
President Bonner: 

We are now to have a brief address by Dr. John Hall, of New York. 
The hour is late and it will only be brief) because you will have an op- 
portunity of hearing him on the Sabbath day in two of your churches. 

Dr. Hall's Address. 

My Dear Christian Friends : The honor has been accorded to me in 
past years of preaching to this Congress, so it is not desirable that I 
should occupy valuable time that should be more usefully occupied bv 
other speakers. I have to give you threatening notice now that with- 
in the next four days there will be given me four opportunities of 
speaking to the good people of this city, so you will not expect me to 
take very much of your valuable time this evening. It is right, how- 
ever, for me to say that I share in the appreciation of my friends of the 
cordial and kindly sympathy and the generous hospitality that you, 
the friends of this city, have been extending to us. I know that the 
name Des Moines is of French character, and I have eometimes 



68 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

thought that there is a certain graceful ease of manuer such as the 
French are supposed to possess in a high degree, characterizing you a& 
a people, and it is accompanied with a suhstantial kindness and gen- 
erous hospi^Alitj that are associated with the best people of Great 
Britain and of these United States, and I shall carry away from this 
place a very pleasant memory of the intercourse I have been priv- 
ileged to have with the people of this city. 

We have heard a great deal, my friends, about the admirable qual- 
ities of the race of which I have the honor to be a member. Shall I 
tell you what I have repeated now about seventy-five times, I think, 
since attending these Congresses? An English writer has descrilx^d 
a young English girl who had fallen into the way of entertaining her 
friends with a very long catalogue of virtues which she herself 
possessed, but she always concluded with the statement: '* But I am 
not a bit proud, because ma says it's sinful." I am not speaking 
now of you good people of Des Moines, but I think that the Scotch- 
Irish people have need to recollect something of this kind at the pres- 
ent time. 

I have one privilege by which I am distinguished from my race:- 
that I have been able to keep up my connection with the mother land 
better than most of these people have been able to. I suppose some- 
thirteen or fourteen times in the summers I have had an opportunity 
of going back to that land, and with my wife enjoying a visit, and re- 
newing pleasant and happy associations we have with our kindred that 
still remain there. It is true some criticism may be passed. I re- 
member a verjr eminent lawyer in Whiteside, Dublin, who at one time 
described the island in the language of the poet. He described it as a 
place where " the girls forever smiled and the skies forever wept." 
While that is a strong statement, yet undoubtedly you find sometimes a 
little of the rain that is so desirable here, but on the whole the place 
is healthful. I had a pleasant visit there last «ummer, and I can say 
here for the comfort of those who come from that province, that I have 
never seen it present so attractive an aspect as it did last summer. I 
never saw the fields apparently so productive, and the season was in the 
highest degree productive; and being in the summer, the hay, \vhent, 
and oats had all been stacked and the people were rejoicing In the 
great abundance it had pleased God to give them. 

Now there are various things in connection with the Irish race that 
is represented here. Let us take the people there who come over from 
Scotland and as Scotch people retain their Scotch afi^ections, their 
Scotch habits, their Scotch ways, and their Scotch alliances, for they 



PROCEEDINGS. 69 

-do Dot intermingle with the native Irish. I say that there are many 
things in connection with this that may be well emphasized when talk- 
ing to the Americans at the close of this nineteenth century. Allusion 
was made to-day by one gentleman to the Shorter Catechism. I 
believe that it would be to the unspeakable advantage of the people of 
this nation if they could put the Catechism and keep it in the place 
where it has been put by the Scotch and Scotch-Irish. Let the people 
give heed that the chief end of man is to glorify God and enjoy him 
forever, and what a stimulus is thereby given to fidelity, to truth, to 
loyalty to Christ, and to genuine service to our fellow-creatures in the 
name of Christ our Lord. 

Another thing which I think has contributed in a great degree to 
the good qualities of our race is found in the ministry and in the way 
in which the ministry deal with the people. I can remember very 
well it was the duty of my parents to teach me that Shorter Catechism. 
The minister was in the habit of visiting with the people. He gave 
out in the pulpit the names of those he would visit on /^rtain days. I 
keep up that to-day in the city of New York, and I find it to work 
admirably. We children were kept at home waiting for the minister 
to come, and we were gathered together in a room — in the room com- 
monly now called the parlor — and were placed according to age. I 
happened to be the eldest, so I sat at the head. The first thing the 
minister did after he had spoken kindly to us was to carry us as fast 
as he could through the Shorter Catechism. I remember perfectly the 
feeling of unbounded admiration I had fur the minister, for he was 
able to go asking question after question without the book. What a 
wonderful man I thought he must be to be capable of any one thing 
like that! After that had taken place, if there were any servants in 
the house, they were brought in there and the good man would read a 
pasf«age of scripture, and we all kneeled together and he led in prayer, 
and we all felt that the minister was really an officer of Christ; that 
we were under his supervision ; that he cared for us ; that he wanted 
to see that we were fully instructed in religious things, and I say here 
without the slightest hesitation, from my own knowledge of Ulster and 
Scotland, that this ministerial fidelity and pastoral oversight on the part 
of the minister has contributed in no small degree to make the people 
what they are in conviction, in firmness of principle, and consecration to 
what they believe to be right in the sight of God. Now, you would 
be interested, perhaps, in knowing something about the religious con- 
dition of these Scotch-Irish people in the province of Ulster. Six or 
4ieven ministers came over from Scotland, and they are represented in 



70 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Ireland to-day by about six hundred Presbyterian congregations that 
support pastors, and I am about to say that for the love of truth, for 
fearless evangelical preaching, and for earnest practical oversight, I do- 
not know of any Church in Christendom that can be regarded afr 
ahead of that Irish Presbyterian Church. The people are not very 
wealthy, you know, but their contributions last year to Christian ordi- 
nances and for Christian agencies amounted to more than eight million 
dollars, and that is not an inconsiderable thing for little Ireland. 
You would be interested also to know how it is with other Protestant 
Churches in Ireland. Now, you know these were established at their 
respective places a number of years ago. It is now possible for them 
to cooperate and work together in ways that they had not before; but 
more than that, the laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church now feel 
that they have a certain degree of power, and they have certain re- 
sponsibilities, and they meet in. congress and they express their opin- 
ions, and I believe that taking them as a whole they are bearing testi- 
mony to the tri^th, and interest is being awakened. They have been* 
strengthened as a Church by disestablishment It was quite interest- 
ing to note, when the General Assembly met at Dublin, the As- 
sembly entertain the archbishop of the Metropolis, and to have him 
accept an invitation to a reception on the part of the General Assem- 
bly, a little indication of the good feeling a catholic spirit has developed,, 
and I am persuaded of something for other branches of the Protestant 
Church in the way of emulation, and I feel that we should rejoice 
and be glad. 

And, dear friends, let us not &il to remember our brethren in that 
Ireland. They have difficulties ; they have apprehensions ; they have 
cause to be exercised in no slight degree because of the state of things 
in the political world. You have all been reading the newspapers, and 
you have seen that ** grand old man," as they have come to describe 
that good man Gladstone. We see his vision has been impaired for a- 
time, but the operation on the eyes has been successful, and now he 
sees things more clearly than he did before. O let us hope that the 
party he represents and the government that is in power may have its 
eyes correspondingly opened to see things more clearly than they have 
been seeing heretofore. [Applause.] And when this is the case, the 
Protestants of Ireland, that are a unit upon this broad matter, will 
no longer be filled with apprehension as to perils that may come upon 
them if the policy of Mr. Gladstone's government should be carried 
into execution. 

'Now, my dear friends, there are many things that would be very pleas- 



PBOCEEDINGS. 71 

ant for me to speak to jou of, but I know that one whom you all revere 
is to follow, and I am unwilling to take the time you would be pleased 
to give him. Let me say in conclusion, it is a real pleasure to be here; 
it is a real pleasure to see the interest you take in your friends and in 
your fellow-citizens. Dear friends — and I speak now to those who 
have Scotch-Irish blood in their veins — ^let us hold fast to the principle 
that made them what they were. Let us perpetuate those principles; 
let us send them down to the generation coming after us ; let us live for 
duty, so that our fellow-citizens will come to appreciate us; and let us 
do all this in the spirit of dependence on him who is everything, and 
the head of the Church as our forefathers took pains to testify, and 
then if we do this we will be good citizens; we will be useful citizens 
in the community, and most of all, we will be glorifying Him from 
whom all our benefits and blessings come. 

President Bonner: 

We will listen to Dr. Johnson. 

Dr. Johnson : 

I will only say that this paper is not very long, and those who may 
be interested to hear will be very much entertained. You know what 
it is after you have heard a nian*8 voice, after you have seen his man- 
ner, to take up something from his pen from which you can read 
something of the man. It will be a little difficult for you to imagine 
Dr. William C. Gray from this paper which I am to read in his behalf. 
We had hoped he would be present with us, but this is impossible. 
This is his autobiography, something inscriptive of the man. The 
theme which he has given to his paper is: " How God Made the Scotch- 
Irish." 

(For Dr. Gray's paper, see Part IL, page 114.) 
President Bonner: 

Before we adjourn Dr. McConnell has some announcements to make 
in regard to the services of next Sabbath. 

Dr. McConnell: 

I am sorry to have to say we have not as many visiting ministers to 
distribute as we had hoped to have. We expected to have Drs. Bry- 
Bon, Kelley, and so on. A number of congregations have put off their 
Sabbath school services on next Sabbath morning, in view of having a 
supply from the Scotch-Irish Congress. We have only five men, and 
we will dibtribute thorn as well as we can: Sabbath evening at the 



72 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Congregational Church, Dr. Macintosh; in the Central Presbyterian 
Church, Dr. Madoskie; at the Central Christian Church in the morn- 
ing, Dr. Hall ; and Dr. Hall at the First Methodist Episcopal Church 
in the evening, and Prof. Madoskie in the morning; at Wesley M*^th- 
odist Episcopal Church in the morning, Rev. J 0. Stevenson. We 
expect to UFC Dr. Stevenson in the evening, but I cannot announce in 
which pulpit. At the Forest Avenue Baptist Churoh, Rev. George F. 
Magocn, D.D., and at the First Christian Church in the evening, Dr. 
Mngoon. 

There will be a Scotch-Irish aftermath in the Tabernacle, arranged 
for by the Local Committee, on Sabbath aflernoon at four o'clock. In 
this service there will be an invocation prayer led by Dr. McCaughan, 
of Winterset; reading of scripture; an anthem; Psalm xxiii., by the 
choir; prayer, by Rev. J. O. Stevenson; Psalm xlvi., explained and 
lined out by Dr. Macintosh. That will indicate to you s'>mewhat the 
line of services to be held there. Short prayer by Dr. McCaughan, 
and sermon by Dr. Hall. As he is a very large man, we spread him 
out three times — use him three times on Sabbath. The others we only 
use twice. Then singing of Psalm xci. by the congregation, and ben- 
ediction by Brother Small, of the East Side Presbyterian Church. 

I would like to make this request further. As Dr. Hall will preach 
in this church in the morning, and it will hold a good congregation, we 
hope they will not follow him over to the Tabernacle in the afternoon 
to hear him. It is large, but when we have any eminent person he 
fills it. 

President Bonner: 

We will now adjourn till ten o'clock to-morrow morning, to meet in 
the Young Men's Christian Association building. The first speaker 
will be Dr. Magoon, who has kindly given preference to some of the 
other speakers this eveuing. 

MORNING SESSION, 

June 9, 1894. 
President Bonner: 

We will now come to order, and will be led in prayer by Rev. 
Hugh Jack. 

Rev. Mr. Jack: 

Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. Before 
the mountains were brought forth, and before ever Thou hadst formed 
the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting. Thou art 



PROCEEDINGS. 73 

• 

<Tud. We bless and praise Thee this morning for the privilege of this 
time ; that in Thy goodness to us Thou hast brought so many of us to- 
gether in this place that we might hear the story of the past recited to 
us. We bless Thee for the feelings that should be stirred in our hearts 
as we hear that story retold of the past, and for the longings that have 
come to us to be more worthy of the great ancestry from which we 
have sprung, to be more faithful to the truths which have made our 
fathers greatly useful in building up the kingdom of God. Not unto 
us, O Lord, not unto us, but to Thy name be given the glory for Thy 
mercy. We thank Thee this morning for all the joys and blessings 
which have been handed down to us from a religious people; that Thou 
hast chosen us, not for anything in us, but for Thy own glory's sake. 
We pray that Thou wilt deepen these convictions in our hearts, and 
help us to be true to the light we have got. ^ Burn into our hearts all 
these things that we have heard these past days, and when these breth- 
ren leave us may they leave behind them impressions which shall 
never die. And, great God, for the sake of Thy covenanted people, 
may they also carry away a blessing from us, and more and more as 
the years go by may we be united in heart and in spirit, striving 
together for the faith of the gospel. We thank Thee that Thou hast 
planted our feet upon the solid rock of truth and given us grace, to a 
.small extent, at least, to be true in a day when so many are giving 
themselves to the shifting sands of man's wish. Lord God, watch be- 
tween us while we are absent one from another, and this morning we 
pray Thee for a blessing upon our kindred across the sea. We thank 
Thee, O Lord, for those of them whom Thou hast still spared in life 
and health, and our hearts turn to Thee amidst all these displays and 
we bless Thee, at least some of us may do so, for what we got from them. 
And now, Lord, help us by Thy grace here in this place also to raise 
unto Thee children who shall speak Thy praise and Thy name after 
we have passed away. May the Lord our God this day be merciful 
unto us, and cause His face to shine upon us and give us peace. Par- 
don all our sins and forgive us for the unfaithfulness that has charac- 
terized us, having received such a precious legacy, and being blessed 
for the fathers' sakes, for our Redeemer's sake. Amen. 

President Bonner: 

We will now have some music, *' Lewie Gordon," by the double 
quartet. 

President Bonner: 

We are now to have the pleasure of listening to Rev. Dr. Magoon, 



\ 



74 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

■ 

formerly President of Iowa College, at Grinnell, for so many yean^ 
and who is so well known to many of you. 

Dr. Maqoon's Address. 

Mr, President: It is unsatisfactory to me to be placed on the back 
end of a programme after the admirable papers and the fervent ad- 
dresses to which we have listened ; and it is altogether becoming, and 
before the exercises had proceeded far I had made up my mind to that 
already, because I was placed on last evening's programme without my 
consent or knowledge. Therefore I reserved to myself the right to say 
very little or nothing at all, and I shall exercise that right this morning, 
and I shall say very little and perhaps nothing at alL Another reason 
that I had for accepting that arrangement is this: That I came to this 
Congress in a state of perplexity and dotibt which is not exactly nat- 
ural to a true Scotch-Irishman. The Scotch- Irishman is very positive, 
you know, about everything, and I am not altogether positive as to my 
hereditary right to be in this Congress. I have very strong and favor- 
able convictions in favor of it, but not an absolute demonstration of it. 
I will tell you how it is, for pedigrees have been in order, and I will 
give a brief one: My name is Huguenot French. It was spelled by 
the first who came to this country — came to Plymouth Colony — in the 
second syllable with the French u; but as the plain people from Mid* 
land England on the south shore of Massachusetts could not pronounce 
that rather ugly letter for English-American organs, they allowed them 
to give the broad oo sound, and then they spelled it accordingly, and 
so it has come to be what it is. But the evidence, so far as it goes, 
proves that my ancestors came from the South of France, between the 
decree of Nantes and its revocation. In some of those years we may 
infer that, under persecutions intensified under the reign of Louis 
XIY.y our people migrated to Scotland, and, after working awhile 
there, came to old Plymouth Colony. How long a time in Scotland, I 
do not know, but here, sir, is where my clear right, as the lawyers say, 
comes in ; for while there who can tell the number of Scotch girls 
these young Huguenots may have married, and therefore I confess a 
drop of blood, perhaps a number of drops, in my veins from that 
source, and a good many from the entire Puritan source, by intermar. 
rying with them after our ancestors settled in old Plymouth Colony. 
Now, Mr. President and gentlemen, that allows me to say that there is 
no doubt such a blending of blood and lineage in the veins of many 
who are here besides myself. Indeed, although we place the Scotch- 
Irish element at the top here, of course, yet we do not deny that there 



PBOOEEDINQa. , 75^ 

are other elemente mingled in our anceetrj, and I am quite gratified to- 
notice that, while at the beginning of this meeting it seemed to me that 
we were to hear the praises of Iowa and Des Moines more than any- 
thing else, it gradually worked around to the subject of the Scotch- 
Irish. 

It is a happy thing for us that there is other blood mingled with our 
own ; and that leads me to say something that has not been said, and I 
take the liberty of saying it now, and that is this: that sometimes I 
cannot tell exactly where we came from, but we know we came from a 
good many quarters. I have seen a quotation of some of the ancestors 
that all of us have, and the arithmetic of it was absolutely appalling. 
So it is we come from a great many sources, and We cannot absolutely 
deny that this, that, or the other kind of blood may not be mingled in 
our veins. I remember of losing my identity once at a reception by 
the Lord Mayor in London of the international convention of the Y. 
M. C. A. We were there in due time, and with three American ladies 
I was proceeding up the long corridor toward the end of the hall 
where the Lord Mayor was standing to receive the guests, and it be* 
came our duty to fall into line, and then we came up to the gold-laced 
flunky who called with a big, robust voice the name of the gentleman 
and the place where he came from; the ladies' names were not re- 
quired. The flunky, who was taller than I am and nearly as large as my 
venerable friend here, Dr. Hall, leaned his ear down to my lips, and I 
told him just what my name was and where I came from. I told him 
I was from Iowa, plainly and distinctly; and, do you think, that gen- 
tleman stood up there and announced me as Rev. Dr. so and so, from 
Ireland. [Applause.] Our old friend, William E. Dodge, and his 
wife, were standing by, and they laughed, as they say over the water. 

Now, about this confusion and perplexity in regard to the descent is 
this: That the virtues and excellencies of the various races, the various 
types of character, may very naturally come together and be blended 
in the sweet by and by, and a most powerful harmony, I will venture 
to say, will result, and the grit, power, and excellency that has been 
ascribed most largely to the Scotch-Irish in this Congress may be found 
also to belong to the Huguenot line and the Puritan line; and, if you 
will think of them a moment, tie hard sense, the solidity, the tenacity 
of aflection, indomitable perseverance, and irresistible power of con- 
science, the awful fear of God, you remember the historian said the 
Puritan fear of God was so great he could not fear anybody else, and 
so it was with the Huguenot and the Covenanter. So our highest 
qualities come from what is known to us as the lower ones, as higher 



76 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

development may come from what is lower, and it is, I think, borne 
out by history that the most noble and most excellent features of hu- 
man character do not come from mere human nature. They are 
blended together because of that gracious, most wonderful, and provi- 
dential influence which pervades every race and nation as well as every 
individual, and human descent does not exclusively bestow its attrac- 
tions and culture upon any one. Therefore we might trace this grand 
influence to the Huguenots. 

Reverently, I am thankful — as a Christian minister here I am very 
thankful — for these religious elements which Scotch-Irish history have 
promulgated as these meetings have gone on. We may trace them to 
the Huguenots and generosity of God. He giveth it to all men liber- 
ally, and withholdeth not, but he giveth to each as it pleaseth him, and 
he bringeth them together where in his providence it pleaseth him to 
dwell. So we receive his contributions from those of other and differ- 
ent ancestry, from those who came from remote sources of ancestry 
and are mingled with us. It is a great mercy to us that it is so, and 
we have a right to be joyful and thankful, though I think we also here 
happen to be humble. For myself, if it be true that in my own veins 
there is mingled a little Huguenot blood and Puritan blood and Pil- 
grim blood, as I believe, and as is the case with many here no doubt, 
at least from two of the sources, I feel profoundly humble at the 
thought of it. Our venerable friend who stood here yesterday morn- 
ing and gave so remarkable a sketch of the influence of the Scotch- 
Irish on the legislation of the world, and especially of the Northwest- 
ern Territory, within the limits of which I have lived for more than 
fifty years, wound up by saying: " What shall be done within the coming 
hundred years that is at all comparable with those who lived one hun- 
dred years ago?" I hope that we may hear something guiding us toward 
the realization of the character which may be mentipued in the same 
breath with that of our forefathers from the address of an eminent cit^ 
izen of Iowa this evening, Hon. John A. Kasson. But may I be per- 
mitted to suggest here that we are not condemned to mere imitation of 
character; that every one of us in these latter years of our varied 
races from which we sprang can have no original and primitive con- 
tribution from the highest sources to produce the highest elements of 
character in us. We are not confined to the following of men merely, 
ourselves in circumstances so different; however, in my own case, in 
these later years, our history has contributed with it tragic elements 
that are not to be likened to those of our remote ancestry. We are, 
every one of us, permitted in our circumstances to work out and use 



PBOOEEDINGS. 77 

those grand elements of character which God has given us in these va- 
rious contributions which he has made to us. Now, you know, gentle* 
men, that it is the testimony of history that heredity b not enough t<^ 
perpetuate character. Something more than that is necessary, for the 
best will run down to the worst. You know perfectly, gentlemen, that 
a tliousand influences of what nowadays is called (I do not like to use 
cant words, but you have to once in a while) environment; you know 
that certain things farthest away arouse the noblest and most glorious 
in the character of individual man, and even of races; therefore we 
are bound to go to the uppermost sources of noble character. 

Do not be afraid. I am not going to preach this morning, though 
that is my profession in part, as well as Christian educator; but I say 
this merely without any reference to these men, or without any refer- 
ence to Church or audience, or anything of that sort. It is our privi- 
lege to go to the uppermost sources of grand, noble, and inspiring 
characters, and to contribute to our generation and the history that 
oouies after us something like that which has been contributed by those 
who have been honored here. 

May I say one thing about things which are local? Gentlemen and 
ladies, I venture to say that there are some gentlemen who have read 
our history who are not aware of this last message of James Monroe. 
Not long ago — I remember when he was President of the United States 
— he recommended Congress that the tract of land be set apart on 
*^ye west side of the Mississippi Kiver, covering what is now the State 
of Iowa and a good deal more, for various Indian tribes who were 
beginning to make trouble. Many of them had scattered along the 
banks of Lake Michigan, many lingering still along the Ohio and in 
New York, and the proposal of Monroe was that they should all be 
brought together and allotments made to different tribes so that they 
could dwell in harmony and prosperity for all time, for the land west 
of the Mississippi would never be needed by white men. Think of 
that, you gentlemen who are here guests of the good people of this 
beautiful and noble city! Why, if President Monroe's policy had 
been carried out, it would not have been surprising if JDr. Hall and 
myself had been sent out here as missionaries to the Indians. Instead 
of that, we did not come here in any such capacity, or expecting to find 
any such people as these Indians. And, gentlemen, remember that Di- 
vine Providence has made this State what it is and what the people are 
that welcome you. You cannot separate men from their history. You 
cannot separate their history from their qualities of character, you can- 
not separate qualities of character from the sources from which they 



78 THE BCOTOH-IBISH IN AMERIOA. 

came, and we here are bound to do something that we can look upon 
with pleasure, and perhaps we can look upon with a little excusable 
pride, but we will never perform anything worthy to be mentioned un- 
til we are gathered to our fathers, unless we go to the same high 
sources of character to which our fathers went. [Applause.] 

Presideut Bonner: 

We are now to have the pleasure of listening to an address on 
" Celtic Christianity," by Rev. Dr. James O. Stevenson, of Waterloo, la. 

Dr. Stevenson : 

Mr, Presideni and Ladies and OenUemen of the Congress : I count 
myself happy in following Dr. Magoon, and also in my subject, ** Celtic 
•Christianity," I think I have something to say bringing together some 
lines that have been mentioned in these sources. 

(For Dr. Stevenson's address, see Part II., page 119.) 
President Bonner; 

An opportunity will now be given for nominations for membership. 
Our Vice President General, Dr. Macintosh, will explain the condi- 
tions of membership. 

Dr. Macintosh : 

Any of you who by father or maternal side can go back to the 
• original Scotland of the plantations in Ulster; any of you who can 
find in your father or mother's line Scotch-Irish blood, man or woman 
of you, is eligible for membership. The terms of membership are 
simply that descent and that you desire to become a member of the 
Society, giving your name for nomination to come under the simple 
condition of paying your annual fee and receive the annual volume. 
That is as short as I can make it 

President Bonner: 

Are there any nominations? 

Mr. Fray: 

Mr. Presideni : I have been putting in my name in compliance with 
the rule, but I have been compelled to use transplanted Buckeyes in 
names I presented yesterday. I have another such this morning, a 
transplanted Buckeye lady, the daughter of a gentleman who was a 
physician to my father's family a great many years before his death. 
I do not think I need say much in the way of vouching for the propri- 
ety of this nomination, but I will mention that she is the wife of our 
friend, Dr. Henry Wallace, who has helped to illuminate the two Con- 
gresses previous to this. Mrs. Nannie C. Wallace, Des Moines, la. 



PROCEEDINOa. ' 79 

Prof. Macloskie: 

I aflk, Mr. President, to make a few nominatioDs with your permis- 
sion. One is Rev. James Edmundson. He is now at Marshalltown, 
la. He is a nntive of Tyrone, Ireland. I would not have seen him if 
he had been back there. I would have had him in my own congrega- 
tion in a country place, but we have had him in a wider sphere, fewer 
miles back where he would have been a spirit child of my own. 

The other is Rev. Hugh Jack, of Des Moines, la. He is a native 

of . He and I went as little boys — he is a good deal younger than 

I — we used to see in the distance the same old castle on the shore of 
Ireland, and used to go there sometimes on courting expeditions, and 
those interesting instances in our childhood we will ever remember, so 
I regSrrd him as a very close companion of mine. 

Mr. Casady: 

I present the name of our friend, Dr. George F. Magoon. I think, 
from what We heard him say this morning, that he is eligible beyond 
all question. 

I will also propose the name of Judge John R. Caldwell, one of the 
district judges of Iowa, now living at Toledo, I believe. These two I 
will present, and I will vouch for them both. I have known the Doc- 
tor for many years and have good indorsements fot Judge Caldwell. 

Col. Scott. 

Mr. President: I desire to place in nomination for membership in 
this Society one who was a Scot of the Wallace kind, and the Wallace 
of the Scotch- Irish kind, the name of Prof. Henry C. Wallace, Assist- 
Jint Professor of Agriculture in the State Agricultural Collie of this 
State. His residence is Ames, la. I think I need not elaborate upon 
his pedigree. 

Mr. Robert Mortland, of Pittsburg : 

Mr, Prendent: 1 wish to present the name of Rev. J. Chapman 
Jones, D.D., Pastor of Oakland Methodist Episcopal Churdi of 
Pittsburg. 

Mr. Gordon: 

I wish to present the name of E. 8. McCaughey, of Sioux City. 

Dr. Macintosh: 

Our friends who have been nominated and elected would gratify us 
and make themselves acquainted to us if they would kindly rise in 
their places, that we may know them and be able to greet them. 



80 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMEBICA. 

Mr. Wallace: 

My father had an old and very familiar friend in Pennsjlvania. 
The two old men were elders in the same Church, and sat in adjoining 
pews for thirty years, singing the same psalms and went to the same 
communion table. A sou of my father's friend has been a member of 
this Society, and has died during the past year: Dr. McConnell, of 
Laurens, Mass. I take pleasure in presenting the name of his daugh- 
ter, Mrs. Carrie Ogelvie, of this city, a lady whose accomplishments 
will adorn any society with which she may be connected. 

Dr. Cochran : 

, Mr, Chairman: I united with this Association a good many years 
ago, and no one knew of it. I now want it known by all the good 
people, and I wish also to say this, that I have kindred nephews 
and nieces, I know not just how many, and I am going to be a mis- 
sionary to have every one of them unite with this Society. I think 
there will he half a dozen at least. 

President Bonner: 

Are there any further nominations? If not, I will put the ques- 
tion. 

The question was accordingly put, and all were declared 
unanimously elected. 
President Bonner: 

It has been requested that those who have been elected will be kind 
enough to signify their acceptance by rising. ' 

Prof. Macloskie : 

Dr. Edmundson is not here, but Bev. Mr. Jack is present and will 
rise. 

Mrs. Ogelvie is sitting at our desk reporting the meeting. 

President Bonner : 

We will now have some music, "Auld Bobin Qray/' by Miss 
Laird. 

President Bonner: 

The request has been made that Miss Josephine Wallace sing " Bon- 
nie Doon." I have to announce, as she is absent, that she will be 
present at the Christian Church, or wherever we may meet, and will 
give us the pleasure of listening to her again. 

A paper has been prepared by James Finlay, of Eureka, S. Dak., 



PBOpEEDINGS. 81 

entitled, " L^nves from the Dawn of Celtic History." It was to be 
read by Mr. Henry Wallace, but we have concluded to print it entire 
in the volume. Mr. Wallace knows the Des Moines audience too well 
to joust you with a lengthy paper, and he will give you merely a brief 
summary of it. 

• 

Mr. Wallace: 

I will not attempt to give a summary, but simply repeat what has 
been stated : that this article has been prepared with a great deal of 
care by Mr. Finlay, and I see on the back of it he has indorsed publi- 
cation of it in the minutes, and therefore I do not suppose that he 
would care to have it read ; but I will read the introduction : 

'* You all remember the introduction to that peaceful pastoral scene 
entitled, ' My name is Nerval ; upon the Grampian Hills my father 
feeds his flocks.' 

*' The scene is changed. I take you back two thousand years, and 
say, ' My name is Fingal ; upon the Grampian Mountains my fathers 
raised their bastion^ of war and led their brave defenders against the 
Roman foe; and cast their eagles to the dust; unfurled the flag of 
freedom upon these battlements of heaven, and bade defiance to the 
Csesar tyrants, and with the sword of Fingal turned back the traitor's 
tide of war, and saved the world a wilderness of woe.' " 

I am requested to read the following letter from Hon. R. G. Cous- 
ins, a member of Congress from this State: 

House of REPRssENTATrvEs, TJntted States, 

Washington, D. C, June 4, 1894. 
P. M. Casady, Esq., Member of the Executive Committee of the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America, Des Moines, la. 

My Dear Sir: When I received your letter in April, inviting me to be 
present at the sixth Congress of the Scotch-Irish Society of America, which 
meets in your city on the 7th instant, I hoped and doubted that I could at- 
tend, as I wrote you at the time. 

I find now that while the Irish in me urges me to go, regardless, the 
''cannie Scotch *' asserts it " winna dee" to leave my duties here. I assure 
you and the Society that it would give me greatest pleasure to be with you, 
and, if possible, to add something to the interest of the Congress. I should 
have been glad indeed to respond, in the line of your suggestion, to the sub- 
ject : *' Iowa's Scotch-Irish.'' There would be so many names of strong, true 
men to mention, and so many great and tender characters of women. In 
fjEU3t, the history of our matchless State began with the mingled blood of 
Scotch and Irish, in the veins of that great and good man, Grimes. Brigga, 
our first Governor, and Lowe, our fourth, were also of the race. And then 
there still lives, over at the old Capitol at Iowa City, the venerable Kirk- 
wood, whose name runs side by side with Iowa the Union over. And there 
6 



82 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

are the many who were not Gtovernops or Senators at all, but hard-working, 
thrifty, honest men, who, after all, make communities and States and coun- 
tries what they are. I mean that great, intelligent, and sturdy class in which 
we find so many of Scotch-Irish blood, the men who think things over 
while they work, who save a part of each day's gain, who build their homes 
and schools, and love their firesides and their country, with all the steadfeist- 
ness and fervency of Scotch -Irish blood, mingled into the patriotism of typ- 
ical Americans. 

The other day I had the privilege to join again with veterans of the re- 
public in observance of Decoration Day, at the tomb of that great chief of 
volunteers. Gen. John A. Logan. I need not remind you and the Society 
that he too was of Scotch-Irish blood. While America shall claim forever 
his illustrious name, and freemen never cease to guard and honor that great 
heritage which his heroic life and character bequeathed to them, the Scotch- 
Irish of America trace his lineage to their common source, the lands of 
Bruce and of O'Connor. In his veins there flowed the blood of those who 
dreamed and sufiered for that liberty which, as an American, he finally 
helped to achieve. Truly, in the glory of America are the prayers of Ire- 
land and Scotland answered. 

I am impressed with many things, and moved by thoughts that might be 
said, when I contemplate that stream of life made from the tributaries of 
the lands of Bums and Moore, and that winds and turns and runs through 
all the labors and achievements of our own dear country, through deed and 
thought and dream, through song and toil and battlefield; but I hope that 
at some future time I may be privileged to attend the annual Congress and 
to hear the thoughts of older and wiser men. 

Kindly give to the Society my greetings and regrets. 

Sincerely yours, Robkbt G. Cousins. 

President Bonner: 

Mr. Fleming, the efficient Secretary of your State Society, has 
now some Dominations to make. 

Mr. Fleming: 

Mr, President : We have the following names to submit for mem- 
bership: James Porter, banker of Reinbeck, Grundy County la., a 
native of the town of Londonderry, Ireland; Racine D. Kellogg, 
of the city of Des Moines, la., of proper lineage ; Joseph Sampson, of 
Sioux City, la., a native of the County Down, Ireland. 

Mr. J. J. Williams: 

Mr, President : If not too late, I desire to present the name of Mr. 
S. A. Robertson. Mr. Robertson is an old citizen here, a man who has 
been engaged here for many years and is well and favorably known, 
and a man who will receive the indorsement of our Vice President, 
Mr. Casady. 



PROCEEDINGS. 83 

Mr. Robert Mortland: 

Mr, President: I have a boy nineteen years old ; and if he is eligible, 
I will nominate him. He is a chip off the old block. 

The nominations were put, and carried unauimonsly. 
President Bonner: 

« 

Before we adjourn Dr. Macintosh has some announcements to 
make. 

Dr. Macintosh: 

Mr. President: Before I make the announcements let me mention 
another matter: The members of the Executive Committee sitting 
around me said to me, while Brother Wallace was referring to Mr. 
CousinSy that it would be very desirable to have the subject in Mr. 
Cousins's mind presented in a paper, and I now through you, sir, re- 
quest that Mr. Wallace correspond with Mr. Cousins, with the view of 
preparing such paper, and that it shall be intrusted to the Secretary of 
our national Society to correspond with Mr. Cousins to that effect. 

You will not forget, friends, that arrangements are made for our 
visit to the Capitol this afternoon and reception to the Governor at the 
Capitol. You are to start at three o'clock this afternoon, and go on 
the street car. 

Meeting is to be held to-night in the Christian Church, where last 
night we assembled, and the principal address of the evening will be 
delivered by the Hon. John A. Kasson, whose subject is an exceeding- 
ly timely and desirable one, ^' The Duty of the Ulstermen in America." 
You will see the singular appropriateness of the term which Mr. Kas- 
son, a thoughtful, scholarly man, has chosen, the Ulsterman, and 
after the mngular and careful and thoughtful historical paper of this 
morning you will all understand how that the true title is the Ulster- 
man. *' The Duty of the Ulsterman in America " this evening at the 
Christian Church at eight o'clock. 

At the Secretary's room. No. 21 at the Savery House, is the place 
where you will have signed and handed back to you your railway 
certificates. Remember, you must have them signed by the Secretary 
of the Congress, and the certificates of their membership may be made, 
and hence received, and volumes of our Society already published may 
be purchased. 

President Bonner: 

The convention now stands adjourned to meet in the Christian 
Church at eight o'clock this p.m. 



\«, THE SOOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

EVENING SESSION. 

Christiak Church, June 9, 1894. 
^>wul^nt Bonner: 

\W will now be led in prayer by Bev. Mr. St John, Pastor of the- 
NsMih IVrk Congregational Church. 

K«\\ Mr. St. John: 

Let U8 pray. 

Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, we give Thee thanks for Thy 
nieroy unto us during this time, for the blessings that have come to us.. 
We thank Thee for the privileges that have been accorded to us in the 
associations of this Congress now in this city. We pray Thee that the 
influences that have come to us and those who have been gathered 
here from all parts of the country may be such as will strengthen our 
faith in God and increase our love for our own country, and help us to 
feel that we are here in this world not simply for our own honor or 
glory, but for the honor and glory of the Almighty God. We thank 
Thee for all the history of the past, for these ages of faith, of courage 
in the days gone by, that have made our nation what it is. Lord, we 
pray Thee that we may have courage for the future; that all these ele- 
ments that have entered into our national life that come from Thee 
may be so perpetuated and are so entered into the life of our nation and 
of our people that we shall never cease to be a people whose God is the 
Lord. Now, Lord, we pray that Thy blessing may be upon the exer- 
cises of the evening and upon those who speak to us. May they brbg 
to us a message that shall do us good as we listen to those who shall 
tell us of what this race ought to do for the future of this country, and 
may we be inspired with courage and with hope. Let Thy blessbg be 
upon those here assembled, and when we shall separate, some to go ta- 
their homes far away, and others to remain, may the blessings of our 
God be upon us all. In the name of Jesus Christ our Saviour, we ask 
it. Amen. 

President Bonner: 

We will now have some music, a violin solo, by Miss Carrie Bell 
Scott. 

President Bonner: 

I now have the pleasure of introducing to you one of your most dis- 
tinguished citizens, Hon. John A. Easson, a gentleman of not merely 
local, but of a national, reputation. His subject is, " The Duty of XJl- 
stermen in America." [Applause.] 



PBOCEEDINGS. 85 

Hon. John A. Kasson: 

Mr, President, Ladies and OenUemen : In the presence of a Scotch- 
Irish jury I find it decidedly couvenieut, and I think very important, 
to deliver to you what I have to say with some preliminary care. Ck)n- 
trary to the custom which you know I have almost uniformly practiced 
for many years, I shall endeavor to present what J have to say on the 
subject to-night in manuscript. The readers of the pu blished reports of 
your Society, Mr. President, I think must have come to the same con- 
viction to which they brought me: that to be a member of the Scotch- 
Irish race, and eipecially to inherit therewith the religious blood of 
John Knox, constitutes a valid title to all the good things of this world 
and to the more comfortable things of the world to come. I find, ac- 
cording to my early experience, the true old-fashioned Scotch Presby- 
terians of the Divinity School of Knox is enough » if not positive. He 
has two strong bonds of faith : he believes in God and he believes in 
himself. 

(For Mr Kasson's address, see Part II., page 130.) 
President Bonner: 

We are now to have some music, " Ye Banks and Braes o' Bonnie 
Doon," by the quartet 

President'Bonner : 

Rev. Dr. John S. Macintosh, of Philadelphia, Vice President Gen- 
eral of our Society, who has done more to build up and extend the in- 
fluence of our Society than any other man, will now favor us with an 
address. His subject is: '* What America Has Done for Ulstermen." 
[Applause.] 

(For Dr. Macintosh's address, see Part II., page 150.) 
President Bonner: 

Miss Josephine Wallace, who has favored us on several occasions, 
will give us a song entitled : '* The Bonnie Banks of Loch Lomond." 

President Bonner: 

Prof. George Macloskie, whom Dr. McCosh eighteen years ago 
placed at the head of the Scientific. Department of Princeton College, 
and who is one of the most efficient meml)er8 of our Executive Com- 
mittee, has some resolutions to read expressive of our appreciation of 
Ihe great kindness and hospitality of the people of Des Moines. 

Prof. Macli>skie: 

These resolutions have been prepared by the committee consisting 



86 THE SOOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

of Mr. Frey, of Springfield, O., and myself, but they have been pre- 
pared by consultation with other visitors who are here and who have 
expressed their general view. 

Resolutions. 

1. The Scotch-Irish Congress tenders its best thanks to his Excellency, 
Gov. Frank D. Jackson, for his courtesy in attending its sessions, and for the 
excellent address with which he welcomed it to the beautiful and fertile 
State of Iowa. 

2. Also to the Mayor of Des Moines, Mr. Isaac L. Hillis, and the other 
civic authorities, and to the many citizens who by their manifold attentions 
have rendered our visit an occasion of special gratification. 

3. To Col. John Scott, President of the State Scotch-Irish Society of Iowa, 
and to Messrs. P. M. Casady, Chairman; D. B. Patterson, Secretary; Henry 
Wallace, J. J. Williams, Robert Fullerton, Amos W. Brandt, R. L. Blair, Dr. 
Woods Hutchinson, Capt. W. H. Fleming, and other members of the Local 
Committee, for the very generous and careful arrangements for the accom- 
modation of the Cong^ress. 

4. To Mr. and Mrs. Herbert W. Weber, Miss Josephine M. Wallace, Mie* 
Carrie Belle Scott, Miss Carrie Laird, Miss Mabel Wagner, and Messrs. P. 
H. Metcalf, W. Cowan, and John Gibson, for appropriate music, which, be- 
ing chiefly vocal, has greatly added to our enjoyment. 

5. To the ladies of the Reception Committee, who have ftimished the 
members of the Congress with an opportunity for happy social intercourse,, 
and to Mrs. Ashby, of the United States Consulate at Dublin, for gifts of 
real Irish shamrocks, which seasonably remind us that the Scotch-Irish are 
true Irish, having their full share in all the memories and responsibilitiee 
which belong to the children of the dear Emerald Isle. 

. 6. To the daily and weekly press of Des Moines for the fhllness, accuracy^ 
and friendly tone of their reports of its proceedings. 

7. To the clergymen of the various denominations in this city and neigh-- 
borhood, for their attendance, sympathy, and help. 

We cannot separate without recording the unusual pleasure with which 
we have marked the abounding manifestations of progress in the material, 
educational, and moral greatness of this central city of the great central State 
of America; and the prominent position of our Scotch-Irish kinsmen in con- 
tributing their full share to this remarkable development. 

We also renew our expression of humble thanks to the God of our fa- 
thers, who has led them and is leading us, and who has brought us to a happy 
home, under the free institutions of this land, in which all true men and 
women, from whatever nationality they come, regard their common Ameri- 
can citizenship as more important than any historical links that bind them 
together in sectional associations. Gbobgb H. Fbby, Sr., 

Gbobgb Macloseib, 

Des Moines, Jane 9, 1894. Committee. 

I beg to move the adoption of these resolutions by the members of 
this Societv. 



PBOGEEDINOS. 87 

The motion was carried unanimously. . 
Dr. Macintosh ; 

Mr, President : There was a committee appointed by you at the busi- 
ness meeting to take into consideration measures to increase the efficiency 
and enlargement of the membership of the Society. We met, consid- 
ered the matter, and embodied the same in the report Shall I read 
the report now? 

President Bonner: 

It may be as well to send it to the Executive Committee. 

It is moved and seconded to adopt the report of this com- 
mittee. 

The motion was carried. 

The resolutions are as follows: 

The committee appointed by the President to report on methods to in- 
crease the efficiency and to enlarge the membership of the Society would 
respectfully report that your committee met at the call of the Chairman, 
Col. Keatley, and considered in detail the suggestions of Dr. Macintosh on 
membership and other allied topics, and now recommend: 

1. That the present members of oar national Society be reminded of the 
obligation resting upon them individually to interest their respective friends 
in our organization, and to induce all of them who are members of our race 
to join our Society. 

2. That State Secretaries, wherever active and specially qualified men can 
be found, be appointed; that to these State Secretaries be assigned, in con- 
junction with the State Vice Presidents, the duty of collecting in each State 
the history and memorials of our people, the enlargement of our constituen- 
cy, the nomination of eligible and desirable persons for election to member- 
ship, and especially of informing the press of the different States in regard 
to our Society and its movements and of so utilizing the press that para- 
graphs and items of interest regarding our race and our organization may 
regularly and frequently appear. 

3. That in colleges, seminaries, and academies, College Secretaries be 
sought out and appointed, who shall search the lists of alumni and students 
to find out the S<x>tch-Iri8h who have been and are in these inntitutions, 
who shall enlist the attention of all other Scotch -Irish fellow-students, and 
who shall strive to associate them in some active way with our Society. 

4. That State Societies, where existing, be requested to secure good del- 
egations for our annual meetings, and have these appointed at least two 
months before each Congress, so that their names may be in good time for- 
warded to the Secretary of the Society. 

5. That we approve and adopt a system of selecting and nominating to 
membership eligible and desirable members of our Scotch-Irish folk, who 
shall be informed of their nomination and requested to state whether they 
will accept such nomination ; and who after thus accepting shall be enrolled 



88 THE SOOTOH-IRISH IN AMEBIOA. 

upon our lists upon the usual conditions. Names of persons to be thus 
nominated may be sent to any State Vice President, State Secretary, or any 
member of the Executive Committee, who shall in turn send them to the 
Vice President General. Such nominations may be made by any duly 
qualified member of our Society. 

All which is respectfully submitted by your committee. 

John H. Keatley, Chairman, 

Mr. Wallace: 

Mr. President : As a happy and fitting conclusion of this pleasant 
and profitable rk)ngre8s, I am requested and am directed by the Scotch- 
Irish Society of Iowa to cane you, sir, to present you with a cane, for 
which they are indebt^ to W. L. Carpenter — to the thoughtfulnes® 
and skill of Mr. W. L. Carpenter, a Scotch-Irishman who was formerly 
custodian of our capitol. This cane is in two parts, and represents the 
old and the new. The main part of it is made of hickory, I suppose, 
and of what we call the second growth, which means that when the men 
and women who are shaping the destinies of Iowa to-day were young 
they were reading the //ew York Ledger and learning to love each other- 
[Laughter.] I can imagine indeed, that possibly Mr. Carpenter was 
sitting under the shade of a tree and reading the New York Ledger — 
possibly this very tree — and has thought perhaps that it might be the 
best compliment he could pay you, to make out of it a cane and pre- 
sent it. 

And this head represents the large growth that grew along the 
streams of this State, where the red man wooed his dusky maid, and 
God was preparing this State for its destiny. 

All that is combustible in this cane came from the winds of heaven, 
of which Iowa has no monopoly. They blow freely over all the States 
of the Union, but the good that can come out of it depends upon the 
inorganic element, and all that remains is ash. For the Lord Al- 
mighty has given us more out of the atmosphere than to the States 
east or west, north or south. 

Now, Mr. President, this cane is not gold mounted nor silver 
mounted. It is a plain, simple cane, like the plain, simple people who 
have made of this State what it is. It is not, you will observe, unix)l- 
ished, however, but the polish it has is that which does not take from 
its strength, and in this, too, it is like the people of the State of Iowa. 
Therefore we beg of you to accept of this token of our respect, esteem, 
and affection. Take it, sir, as a symbol of the Scotch-Irish Society of 
Iowa, and of the people of this State. 

Pr€.sident Bonner: 



PB0CEEDING8. 89 

I thank you most sincerely for this evideDce of your good will. It 
will always bring up very pleasant recollections of our very pleasant 
visit to your beautiful and enterprising city. When you invited our 
Society to come here, we thought you painted everything in rather rosy 
colors ; but we found on our arrival, as I confessed the other day, that 
the half had not been told. To paraphrase a famous message, we came, 
«re saw, and were conquered. 

Dr. McConuell : 

I will repeat the announcements of last evening with reference to 
the Scotch-Irish Congress aftermath, our services at the Tabernacle to- 
morrow evening. The main speaker^, -and that which is especially im- 
portant in the services, are Drs. Macintosh and Hall. Dr. Macintosh 
will explain and line out the psalm after the old manner, and Dr. Hall 
will preach the sermon. I want to say further, with reference to that 
meeting, that it is open to everybody, but the rostrum will be reserved 
for the national and State officers, the choir, visiting ministers, and the 
resident pastors of the city. In the front of the main auditorium 
there will be seats enough reserved for all the members of the Scotch- 
Irish Association, and the other parts of the hall will be free to all. 

We have one or two additional announcements to make with refer- 
ebce to the regular Sabbath services: Dr. Macintosh, who is afraid of 
his voice, that it won't hold out, has kindly consented, notwithstanding 
the labor which has been imposed upon him during this meeting, to 
preach in the Central Presbyterian Church in the morning. And we 
will a^o have Dr. Stevensou at the Pilgrim Congregational Church in 
the evening additional; and Dr. McClelland, who has arrived this 
evening, in the North Park Congregational Church in the evening. 

President Bonner: 

"Auld Lang Syne " will now be sung by the double quartet. The 
<x)ngregation is requested to join in the chorus. After that Rev. Dr. 
Hall will pronounce the benediction. ' 

Dr. Hall: 

And now unto Him that is able to keep us from evil and to present 
us faultless before the presence of His glory with exceeding joy be 
glory and majesty, dominion and power, world without end. May the 
^race of the Lord Jesus Christ, love of God, and the communion of the 
Holy Ghost be with us all. Amen. 



PART II. 



The following addresses are published as they were delivered, and we do 
not assume Buy responsibility for the views of the speakers. 

Robert Bonneb, 
John 8. MacInto8H, 
A. C. Floyd. 

Publishing OommUtee. 
(91) 



THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN THE OLD NORTHWEST. 

BT JOHN M. BOOIT, BLOOMINGTON, ILL. 

Before oommencing to traoe the influence of the Scotch-Iruh iir 
establiflhing courts and making law in the Old Northwest, and espe- 
cially in Illinois, prior to the close of the year 1818, a few explanatory 
remarks may be appropriate: 

1. The subject is chosen because it has not heretofore been presented^ 
and it is desirable to have as much of the history of the Scotch-Irish 
race from widely separated localities as it is practicable to obtain. 

2. In treating the subject credit will necessarily have to be given — 
and which is freely done — to persons of other nationalities. 

8. That which will be given is the history of the race, and not of 
particular persons in the work in which they were engaged. History 
is not made by any one man nor by any moiety of a people. It is made 
by a race or generation of men dwelling together. 

It ought to be said, as the truth is, the history of the country west 
of the Allegheny Mountains during that eventful period intervening 
1775 and 1818 is the most interesting of all western history. It is a 
period crowded full of thrilling and important events. Few subjects, 
afford so much food for thoughtful study as that epoch. Could the 
life of the pioneers of that locality, many of whom were Scotch-Irish^ 
during that period be reproduced, it would be a poem both epic and 
dramatic of wild and weird interest, surpassing in some respects the 
story of the best classics, for the reason that the actors would be charac- 
ters taken from real life. Such a work would be the history of a people 
who might be designated as ** builders of commonwealths." Any one 
who appreciates the heroic and daring in personal adventure would 
find in that history their most splendid exemplifications. There were 
four persons — Clarke, Boone, Sevier, and Robertson — trans- Alleghany 
pioneers, that hardly have their parallel in all that is bold and daring 
in any history, in any country, or in any age of the world. Two, and 
perhaps three, of these men were Scotch-Irish and one — Sevier— H>f 
Huguenot extraction, both strains of blood being among the best, and 
from each have come great characters in the world's history. No one 
who has never made the subject a matter of study can ever know or 
appreciate how much these four men affected the welfare of the South* 

r93) 



"94 THE S0OT0H-IBI8H IN AMEBICA. 

west and Northwest of our country as then bounded. Traces of them 
are seen in old Tennessee, passing on to Kentucky, and from thence to 
the Illinois country, where Clarke and his heroic band arrived in 1778. 

Tou have had the history of the Scotch-Irish across the sea in old 
Ireland, the land of your ancestors; you have had the history of the 
descendants of the Ulsterman in many of the older States, and now it 
is proposed to discover the influence of the Scotch-Irish in the great 
work of establishing the institutions, and especially courts, west of the 
Alleghany Mountains in what was then the distant West, the Illinois 
country. Brief as the discussion to be given will be, it falls into parts. 
The first division covers only that period intervening the first trans- Alle- 
ghany settlements and the adoption of the ordinance of 1787 by the 
Continental Congress; but the second division will embrace a larger 
and more important epoch in the history of courts, coming down to the 
close of the year 1818, when Illinois was admitted into the Union. 
Although divided into two parts, the discussion relates to a single 
subject — viz., the influence of the Scotch-Irish in eistablishing courts 
and making laws for Illinois and other commonwealths carved out of 
the " Old West." The first thing to be noted is that the municipal law 
in our country, and everywhere else perhaps, comes in the first instance 
from judicial decisions, and not from statutes or other legislative enact- 
ments. Long before any legislative assemblies convened in the West, 
courts deriving their jurisdiction from the people were organized, and 
began to declare the law. There is much in history that is of curious 
interest in this respect, as the sequel will disclose. The first civil in- 
stitutions to be established by any people in their progress in civiliza- 
tion are courts to control conduct, and punish the wrongdoer; other- 
wise there would be no redress for personal injuries, except what might 
come by the strong arm of private revenge. That mode of redressing 
either public or private wrongs was never satisfactory to people dwell- 
ing together in communities, and that fact gave rise to the institutions 
-of courts of more or less efiiciency. This thought will be elaborated 
later. 

It must not be supposed the first efiTorts to establish courts west of 
the Alleghany Mountains were made by any English-speaking people. 
Such is not the fietct. The first courts in the Illinois country were ee- 
tablisheti by the French. But as they antedate the period it is pro- 
posed to consider, only casual reference to them may be made. Shortly 
after the English conquest of the Northwest, the English commander, 
by virtue of his position, appointed judges to hold the courts of the D- 
iinois country, and required them to hold their sessions at Fort Char- 



THE 8C0T0H-IBISH IN THE OLD NOBTHWEST. 95 

tres. With the eetablishing of courts by the Eoglish at the date last 
mentioned the French courts ceased to exist, and since then neither the 
civil law nor the ** customs of Paris/' as declared by the local French 
courts, have ever been in force in the Illinois country, unless for a 
brief time, as will be noticed later. The courts established by the Eng- 
lish were of brief duration, and did not affect public matters much one 
way or the other. In 1778 Kaskaskia, which was the principal Eng- 
lish seat of government for the Illinois country, was wrested from 
England by a Virginia expedition, organized by a Scotch-Irish gov- 
ernor and commanded by a Scotch-Irish general, and that put an end 
forever to English rule in that country. 

The first effort to establish courts west of the Alleghany Mountains 
by the American people*was made by the early settlers of the Watauga 
and other Holston settlements. Here at the beginning is seen the re~ 
suits of the works of the Scotch-Irish. Most of those early pioneers 
were of that hardy, daring race. Many of them fought at the battle of 
King's Mountain. It is a matter of common history that they were the 
bravest of the brave in that fearful struggle. They were all great in 
their love of justice, law, and order. Should a departure from the 
purpose announced not to give individual history be permitted, it would 
be to mention the ilEimily of the Campbells as being among the most 
heroic and daring of those grand old pioneers that came over the 
mountains to establish civilization in what is now Tennessee. No one 
need to be told they were Scotch-Irish. They were among the most 
splendid types of that liberty-loving race. At King's Mountain one 
of the Campbells strode mid that storm of leaden hail and death as 
though he bore a charmed life. No plumed knight of chivalry with 
his glittering adorniogs ever attracted on any field of battle a braver 
following than did this plain Scotch-Irish citizen, begrimed and black 
with powder, with nothing to distinguish him from any private soldier 
as he moved up and down on that fearful field to where the battle was 
fiercest and most deadly. Others among the pioneers of that period 
deserve special mention, but to depart further from the rule to be ob- 
served would extend this paper beyond its prescribed limits. The 
attempt to found the Watauga commonwealth was perhaps the first 
effort made by the American to establish permanent government west 
of the Alleghany Mountains, unless it was the attempt to found a pro- 
prietary government in Kentucky. Many of those engaged in the 
movement to found the Watauga commonwealth at that early day were 
undoubtedly Scotch-Irish. In the Holston settlements an effort was 
MOD made by the people to create courts for themselves, without which 



96 THE 8G0TCH-IBISH IN AHEBIOA. 

society cannot exist ^tablishing courts to admlDister justice is the 
first step in civilization or the art of living together in communities* 
Those early courts consisted most generally of committees that assumed 
to try causes. English jurisprudence itself had its origin in much the 
same way. Informal as those primitive courts were, their determina- 
tions were usually &\r, and did substantial justice. But one class of 
defendants were always found guilty, no matter with what offense they 
were charged. It is said it is not known that a Tory, when arraigned 
for any offense in one of those courts of the people, was ever found 
'* not guilty." It must be confessed that the Scotch-Irish of old Tennessee 
had much ill feeling, akin to malice, against Tories found in their midst. 
It arose out of the fact that it was during the time of the Revolution, and 
they honestly believed that all Tories were assCciated with the outlaws, 
murderers, and thieves who at that time infested the borders of the 
frontier settlements and incited the Indians to deeds of murder. Of 
course the matters tried in those early courts were of no great impor- 
tance, mostly disputes between neighbors concerning trivial matters. 
It was not long before those courts of the people were superseded by 
others of a higher order having more apparent sanction from law. 
After it became definitely known to what State the Holston settlements 
belonged, whether to Virginia or North Carolina, the latter State, 
North Carolina, made some provision, although very inadequate, for 
better goyemment among them. Under an enabling act courts of 
common pleas and quarter sessions were established. The changes 
made were not so marked as to make any considerable difference in the 
administration of justice among the people. The members of the old 
committees became members of the courts, and, with perhaps a little 
more form, they proceeded with the same vigor against all wrong- 
doers. In those communities ** court day " was a great holiday. Al- 
most all the important persons in the settlements came together. In- 
deed, everybody came except criminals and Tories ; they had no busi- 
ness in those courts of the people. Imperfectly as those courts were 
organized, it was conceded that they had jurisdiction in actions for the 
recovery of debts or damages and had power to punish all offenders 
against the peace of the community, a power they never failed to exer- 
cise. As those old Scotch-Irish were a most vigorous people, the courts 
held by them always found some way to execute their judgments. 
Usually they appointed whosoever they pleased as the executive offi- 
cer of the court, and in that way their judgments were always promptly 
executed. These primitive courts were crude in the extreme in their 
organization and procedure, but they show the efforts of a grand peo- 



THE BCOTCH-IRISH IN THE OLD NOBTHWEST. 97 

pie to establish law and order in communities where there was pre- 
viously no government. There is nothing that shows more distinctly 
the innate sense of justice in a people than their desire to refer all ac- 
cusations and controversies to some tribunal or court for adjustment; 
otherwise there could be no security for public or personal rights. 
These Scotch-Irish pioneers in the wilderness builded well, and from 
their labors has come that great system of jurisprudence of the com- 
monwealths that has succeeded their communities, and which secures 
• right and justice to all within their borders. 

Passing on, the local courts of the Illinois country down to the time 
of the passage of the ordinance of 1787 by the Continental Congress 
will be briefly noticed. After the Northwestern Territory came under 
the control of the English Government in 1763, the civil law that had 
before that time prevailed at Kaskaskia was retained for a time, but 
so soon as the American people began to come in they became dissatis- 
fied with its operations. It was then displaced by the common law. 
Neither the English nor Scotch-Irish would ever submit long to a sys- 
tem of jurisprudence that did not secure to the citizen the right of trial 
by jury. And wherever the influence of either race has prevailed the 
right of trial by jury has always been secured to the citizen. 

During that period intervening 1763 and 1778, that the English 
Government had control over the Illinois country, courts were estab- 
lished not of course under any general law, but by appointment of 
military commanders. In 1768 the English commander, CoL Wilkins, 
by order of Gen. Gage, issued his proclamation, among other things, ap- 
pointing seven judges as a civil tribunal to hold the courts in the Illi- 
nois country. That is said to have been the first common law court 
west of the Alleghany Mountains. Their first session was perhaps held 
at Fort Chartres on December 6, 1768. It was not long after the 
conquest of the country by Gen. Clarke in 1778, before Virginia un- 
dertook to provide for its government. The entire territory claimed 
by Virginia north of the Ohio River was constituted the county of 
Illinois, and John Todd was appointed lieutenant and commander, with 
headquarters at Kaskaskia. He was directed to appoint all military 
officers, but to allow the people to elect their own judicial officers, 
which they did. That was the first election for judicial officers ever 
held in the northwest under any semblance of law. And that was 
done by the appointment of Gov. Henry, a Scotch-Irishman who loved 
liberty, and who was never afraid to intrust it to the keeping of the 
people. But little business was transacted by the magistrates elected 
at that time. It is hardly probable there were any Scotch-Irish among 
7 



98 THB BCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

them. It is to be hoped there were not. Some of their judgments would 
<x)nfer no credit upon the race. It may be that Commander Todd was 
Scotch-Irish, but as to that I have no certain information. Whatever 
is known in regard to the decision of the courts of that period comes 
in part from "Todd's Record Book." In that record are reported a 
number of singular and interesting cases; but as they illustrate no 
pha^e of Scotch-Irish history, they will not be stated. 

Coming now to the second division of the subject, it is seen that a better 
class of courts, having authority from congressional and other legisla- 
tive enactments, were established after the organization of the North- 
western Territory under the ordinance of 1787. In this great work the 
Scotch-Irish and people of other nationalities cooperated, and the work 
was well done. The inauguration of government under that famous or- 
dinance took place at Marietta O., on the 15th of July, 1788. It is 
an interesting study to trace the steady growth of the courts since that 
date and the consequent marvelous expansion of our laws. In all that 
vast expanse of territory now embraced within the great States of 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin there was absolutely 
neither government nor law, and never had been, except such as had 
been established at Kaskaskia and other local points during the period 
of the French occupation. Population began to flow in rapidly after 
the close of the revolutionary war, and especially after the passage of 
the ordinance of 1787. It was imperative that law should control, and 
that could only be done by establishing courts to administer it. The 
basis of government in all the Northwestern Territory was the ordinance 
of 1787. That ordinance is a remarkable instrument and takes high 
rank among the great charters fixing and securing the rights of the 
people in the history of the world. It is of little less, if any, im- 
portance than Magna Cliarta and other great English charters, and 
even the Constitution of the United States itself. It is doubtful 
whether any political paper ever affected more profoundly the destiny 
of English-speaking people than did the ordinance of 1787. It was 
now to be put in operation, and government organized, and courts 
established under its provisions. This was the beginning of one of the 
most important epochs in American history. The officers for the ter- 
ritory were appointed on the 1st of February, 1788, among whom were 
persons named as territorial judges. On the 9th day of July, 1788, a 
small boat came down the Ohio River, having on board the Governor 
and other territorial officers, who debarked at Marietta, O., a settle- 
ment that had been founded by Dr. Cutler and others interested in the 
Ohio Land Company. As before stated, the inauguration of the Gov- 



THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN THE OLD NORTHWEST. 99 

«rnor and other officen took place at Marietta on the 15th of July, 
1788 ; but the opening of the first court did not take place until Sep- 
tember 2, 1788. It is seldom a court was ever opened with so much 
Attendant splendid pageantry as was done on that occasion. It was fit 
it should be so, for it was the beginning of that system of jurisprudence 
in the great Northwest that was to secure the rights of the humblest 
as well as the most exalted citizen. It was the first court in the 
Northwest opened under the authority of the Congress of the United 
States. In the procession that moved to the stockade where the first 
<x)urt was opened, besides the judges, were other territorial officers and 
many citizens that had been conspicuous in the Revolutionary War for 
their heroism, and public services. Altogether it was a collection of 
men as remarkable for their public services as the occasion was 
momentous. On the procession reaching the stockade it counter- 
marched, and for the first time the judges took their seats as judges of 
the court. The Rev. Dr. Cutler, one of the most eminent clergymen 
of his day, invoked the divine blessing; and then the high sheriff, 
standing uncovered in the presence of the people, holding up his un- 
sheathed sword, proclaimed that a court was opened '* for the adminis- 
tration of evenhanded justice to the poor and to the rich, to the guilty 
and to the innocent, without respect to persons, none to be punished 
without trial by their peers, and then in pursuance of the law and the 
-evidence in the case." It was a scene worthy of the highest genius of 
the artist. The place itself conspired to add dignity and grandeur to 
the occasion. It was in the midst of primeval forests, between the 
beautiful Ohio and the Muskingum Rivers near their confluence, and in 
sight of one of the most beautiful of the mound builders' works. Three 
•distinct races seem to have been present. The mound builders were 
present by their ancient works; the Indians were present in person 
as interested spectators of the splendid pageantry being enacted ; and 
the American race were there, planting one of the most important 
institutions of civilization. 

Coming now to that period when enacted statutes began to form, in 
^connection with decisions of courts, the law of the land, the brief his- 
tory to be given will be confined more nearly to Illinois. Territorial 
legislatures were organized and the work of constructing the fabric 
of local laws was begun and in that way supplemented the law as 
declared by the earlier courts. Enacted statutes show the common 
judgment of the people touching crime and its punishment, and indi- 
<»te the moral stattis of the community. The better the civilization 
<of a people is, the more humane and just are their laws. In no other 



« 



^ 



. • •• • • 



100 THE 800TCH.IRISH IN AHEBIGA. 

way is their common idea or senae of right and justice more clearly in- 
dicated than by their statutes. That which a people really ii finds 
expression in their laws, and to know the laws of a nation is in a de- 
gree to know their makers and the courts that administer them. The 
body of the people now began to participate in making the law more 
closely, affecting their rights and domestic polity. It is important to 
inquire who were the people who began to make the laws and establish 
government for the commonwealth soon to be organized under a writ- 
ten Constitution? It is at this time the influence of the Scotch-Irish 
in Illinois is discovered. It must be noted that the Constitution of 
Illinois of 1818 was framed and adopted by the people living in the 
southern part of the territory — that is, south of a line if drawn east and 
west through what is now the center of the State. All north of that 
line was then an uninhabited country, except by the Indians then resid- 
ing there. There was no one there at that date to participate in forming 
the groundwork of the great commonwealth as it now exists. Who 
were the people who established the first courts of Illinois and other 
institutions? They were mostly a people of Southern origin, coming 
from Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Among 
that early population there were a few persons from New York and 
Pennsylvania. Prior to the adoption of the Constitution of 1818 for 
the State but few if any persons from New England are mentioned in 
the local history of the territory as taking any prominent part in pub- 
lic affairs. It was quite different later with the people north of the 
line indicated. Most of them were Eastern people, but as before re- 
marked, they did not come until after the first State Constitution had 
been framed. That was the work of the pioneers in the southern part 
of the State. Of that early people a large per cent, were Scotch-Irish, 
especially among those that came from Virginia, North Carolina, and 
Tennessee. Nearly all the first little colony of the American people 
that came to Illinois in 1781 were of Scotch-Irish extraction. Some of 
the earliest pioneers had fought at King's Mountain. Like their race, 
wherever found, they were an aggressive, bold and adventurous people. 
They came to the front in all great enterprises of the period, especially 
in making laws and organizing courts to administer them. Later, 
persons of other nationalities labored in the great work. The field 
was as new as though it had never been occupied. They were a people 
fit to form institutions worthy to endure forever in the commonwealth 
they were building. During that formative period, courts of common 
pleas and quarter sessions existed. The judges of the courts were not 
always professional lawyers, but they were men of such sound and 



; • : : ••• •. : 



THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN THE OLD NORTHWEST. 101 

practical common sense that their judgments gave reasonable satisfac- 
tion. After the Illinois territory was permanently organized in 1812, 
most of the courts were held by judges appointed under the act of 
Congress creating and establishing the territorial government; but still 
local courts existed. The territorial legislature declared by enactment 
the common law of England, so far as it might be consistent with the 
customs and habits of the people, to be the law of the land, and the 
law that should govern the decisions of the courts. While other stat- 
utes were passed, none affected more profoundly the wel&re of the 
people or gave the courts better or sounder rules by which to be guid- 
ed. From that source has come most, if not all, that is good in our 
jurisprudence. 

Time will not permit a further searching in this interesting field to 
discover the works of that pioneer people of whom so large a per cent, 
were of Scotch-Irish extraction. Back of all great results there is al- 
ways a great producing cause. Achievements in the old Northwest 
ishow the influence and presence of a great people. They were the 
builders of commonwealths in no particular inferior to the best that 
<;onstitute our nation. Prominent among the founders of courts and 
other institutions of the commonwealths of the Northwest were the 
Scotch-Irish. Their work, with that of others, is great. The old 
Northwest needs no words of encomium. Nothing that can be said 
can add splendor to her history. Her cities are among the largest 
on the continent, her commerce is great and the products of her 
people's industry arc sent to all parts of the world, wherever the flag of 
our common country floats. That flag of 1777 that had been adopted 
for the newly united colonies or States came to the people of the 
Northwest as their birthright. Since then it has become famous over 
the whole earth because it has been carried bv brave men on so 
many battlefields. When the government founded by our fathers was 
in peril, none bore- it aloft in the conflict of battle with more heroism 
and steadfast courage than did the sons of the old Northwest when 
marshaled in regiments, brigades, and divisions for the defense of the 
grand old flag of the republic, now acknowledged wherever it is seen 
as the only flag of the American Sttftes. 

It is now but a little more than one hundred years since the trans- 
AUeghany pioneers began their work of establishing courts and making 
laws for the old Northwest and West as then bounded. Looking back 
over what has been accomplished, its value cannot be overestimated. It is 
seen that pioneer people recovered the country from both the French and 
the English, and held it for a better civilization ; they displaced the 



102 THE SOOTOH-IBISH IN AILBBIOA. 

civil law that had prevailed, and planted in its stead the common law 
with all the Saxon institutions adapted to secure the liberty of the citi- 
zen and the rights of property. A great work it is that was done, and 
worthy of a great people, to whom all who love the law and order that 
has come down to us owe a debt of unceasing gratitude. It is a work in 
which the Scotch-Irish will always have an honorable mention. That 
race of people who one hundred years ago began establishing courts 
and making law for the coming commonwealths have long since passed 
from earth, but their works remain as an imperishable monument to 
their worth and devotion to the love of law and order. The legacy 
they have left us is the work of a hundred years ago, and a royal 
legacy it is. We have exalted their characters and magnified their 
deeds, but not beyond that meed of praise that is their just due. But 
what of the hundred years to come? Who will stand here one 
hundred years to come to exalt our characters and magnify our deedsf 
Shall we add to what we have received, or shall we suffer the civiliza- 
tion they established to diminish and perish from the earth? The 
toilers of to-day in this grand work will soon cease. What then? 
Other toilers will come. But what of them? The next century will 
bring with it the answer 



SCOTCH-IKISH CONFLICTS. 



BY COL. JOHN H. EEATLET. 



The land of our Scotch-Irish forefathers is oDe of the most beautiful, 
most interestiug, and romantic on the face of the earth. Whether we 
turn to the dales of the Tweed or the glens of the Clyde, or cross over 
to the green slopes and hillsides of the North of Ireland, we are equally 
struck with admiration for their rich verdure, their fertile uplands, and 
their peaks and hilltops, whether shrouded in mist or brightened with 
glorious sunshine. History, romance, and song have endowed this an- 
cient home of our own race with memories that are immortal. The 
rugged hills, the stubborn soil, and the bracing and invigorating cli- 
mate of the Lowlands of Scotland have given a distinctive character to 
its people through many generations and imparted a constitutional 
vigor that has impressed itself upon the political, religious, and social 
conditions of both hemispheres. The Scotchman and the Scotch-Irish- 
man for ten generations have been fighting the battles of civilization in 
all parts of the world. Our forefathers, crossing the channel in that 
memorable migration to the North of Ireland, carried with them those 
characteristics which signalized them as Scotchmen, planted them in a 
fresh and fertile soil, and began the development of a modified race 
from the old stock that has mightily assisted in conquering the world. 
Not only is the dear old home of our ancestors and of our '* kin beyond 
the sea," in Ulster, distinguished in its glorious and beautiful landscape 
and in the notability and prosperity of its people, but the evidences of 
a God-fearing, order-loving, industrious race are spread everywhere 
over the face of that part of that beautiful island. Nowhere else in 
Ireland are so many richly cultivated fields; nowhere so many charm- 
ing and comfortable homes; nowhere such content, industry, and love 
of order; and nowhere such a high degree of intelligence among the 
people as in Ulster. Nowhere else in the island, such thriving towns, 
prosperous seaports, and clean and thrifty villages. These evidence^} 
of thrift and prosperity and content are due to the specially innate 
character of the people. The Scotch-Irish in Ireland have always 
been a ikirly contented and prosperous people, in spite of misgovern- 
ment of centuries. Their content in the presence of misrule is not 
owing to any craven spirit, for the Scotch-Irish have fought their own 
battles with courage and skill as well as the battles of other peoples for 

(103) 



104 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

centuries. As the Scotchman in his own home, among his own bleak 
hills, is proud of his ancestry who eighteen centuries ago bravelj 
repelled the legions of imperial Rome, so we, of the Scotch-Irish race 
in America, exult in tracing our origin to the Scotch immigrant to the 
North of Ireland, and to the Scotch-Irishmen who have assisted in 
building up this great republic of ours in the West. 

Our Scotch-Irish forefathers, driven from their homes by political 
oppression, or invited by the rich resources and the grand opportunities 
of a new country and a new natiou, brought with them those charac- 
teristics of thrift, industry, and of law and order, which distinguished 
them as a people in the old world. They left a history already made 
behind them, and ever since have been making a new history, under 
new and more favorable conditions. That industry, intelligence, and 
courage with which they subdued the rugged ness and wildness of 
nature, and transformed bogs and swamps into beautiful and rich 
meadows in Ireland, have been their constant incentive in assisting to 
conquer a new world. 

In common with other races and branches of the human family, the 
Scotch-Irish has been richly endowed with physical courage. It has 
given the world some of its most illustrious military characters. It 
has contributed a fair share of individual heroism in a thousand bat* 
ties on sea and on land. In all our own wars the Scotch-Irish race has 
been liberally represented in the list of great commanders and of brave 
and illustrious soldiers. In moral heroism it has also achieved wonder- 
ful greatness and distinction. The SuUivans, the Irvins, and the Por- 
ters of the Revolution won military distinction, and rendered inesti- 
mable services to their adopted country and to the Scotch-Irish race. 
In our second war of independence, in the name of free trade and 
sailor's rights on the ocean, the Porters and the Stewarts imperish- 
ably emblazoned our naval annals with the titles of American honor 
and courage. In the last great conflict of American arms, Scotch-Irish 
blood and Scotch-Irish valor mingled with that of the bravest and the 
best on scores of stubborn fields. Search the annals in all periods of 
modern history, dredge all the sources of truth in modern times, and 
you will find no race of men more divinely guided by truth and prin- 
ciple, or more richly endowed with valor than the Scotch-Irish. Many 
of the pages of modern history have been illuminated by men and 
women of this race, in a sacred martyrdom to principle and holy religion. 
When truth and right have been at stake they have never hesitated 
in making the necessary sacrifice in the supreme moment. 

The Scotch-Irish at all periods have instinctively been lovers and 



BCOTCH-IillSH CONFLICTS. 105 

advocates of law and order. Their entire history, at the same time, 
shows how highly they have cherished political and religious liberty. 
The spirit of William Wallace has pervaded their whole lives from 
the cradle to the grave, whether in their native dales in Scotland, 
among the green fields of Ulster, or in the deep forests and wildernesses 
of America. They have always been a deeply religious people; and 
their family life, under all circumstances, has been largely influenced 
by the sublime aspiration and longing of our natures for a true con- 
ception of the Infinite. Duty, as a word, has had perhaps a more pro- 
found significance to them than to any other of the peoples on the face 
of the globe. 

There are many illustrations of the deep sense of this people to the 
loyal demands of duty, and of the cheerfulness with which they have 
made the most painful sacrifices to its inexorable demands. If time 
and this occasion were to permit it, I might refer more particularly to 
some of these examples, as a motive to ourselves, hereafter, in the dis- 
charge of our own duty ; but I must content myself with only one, as 
an illustration of how much suflering and how much sacrifice our fore- 
fathers underwent in the face of great danger, and impelled by a noble 
and lofty motive. 

The siege of Londonderry will never be forgotten, as long as a 
Scotch-Irish heart remains to throb, Scotch-Irish lips to breathe the 
story, and Scotch-Irish patriotism to cherish the heroic deeds of their 
illustrous forefathers. In the history of this people, it la the most 
memorable illustration of its devotion and sacrifice to principle. It 
was solely a conflict of principle. The men, women, and children of 
Londonderry who shut themselves up within its walls, in the face of 
famine, disease, and death, made no grasp for military glory or renown. 
In the defense of their religion and of their homes, the people of that de- 
voted town, and the yeomanry of the surrounding villages and farms, sub- 
mitted to all the horrors and privations of a siege, rather than surrender 
their sacred rights of conscience and betray their sense of sacred duty. 

It was no desire of military fame that prompted Henry Baker, 
Adam Murray, and the venerable and pious George Walker to call 
the citizens of Londonderry to arms, in defense of their firesides 
and the most sacred rights of manhood* These men were not trained 
soldiers, but they were not without a military intelligence that com- 
mended them as leaders to the resolute and unconquerable citizens of 
Londonderry. It is no disparagement of the heroic virtues of these 
brave defenders of Londonderry to say that, in the presence of the 
noble defense of their homes and firesides, they had some of the faults 



106 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

and vices of their own times; and, goaded by acts of oppression by 
their kingly adversary, were perhaps guilty of acts that civilized men 
of more modern times, under as great provocation, would hesitate to 
commit It is the sum of their great virtues and great sacrifices that 
commends their noble example to posterity. They were threatened 
with extermination by a king who had fled from his own throne, in 
England, because he had deliberately violated every principle of the 
British Constitution, that had been regarded by the subject as the 
necessary safeguard of English liberty. He had bartered the liberty 
'of Englishmen, and his own royal self-respect, for the military assist- 
ance of a Gallic tyrant, whose only purpose was the enslavement of faia 
own people, and the subjection of every other State in Europe. 

Few such examples of heroism as that displayed by the people of 
Londonderry ennoble the pages of human history. As the chain of 
fire encircled their walls, the condition of the devoted inhabitants be- 
came deplorable. Every avenue by which food and succor might be 
introduced was hermetically sealed by an inexorable foe. The first 
moments of the siege were peculiar trials of moral and physical endur- 
ance. When the first shells and other deadly and destructive missiles 
screamed over the heads of the inhabitants, they crouched for ineffect- 
ual shelter in their miserable and wretched homes, and a thrill of hor- 
ror went through every heart. It was a sublime moment of suspense 
for hundreds who had resolutely determined to die rather than submit, 
when they almost yielded to the panic, and were almost ready to open 
their gates. This faltering was only for a moment. The panic yielded 
to despair, and despair inspired them with a final resolution never ta 
surrender. 

When the air was once clarified by a complete union of courage,, 
resolution, and of hearts, not a moment or an energy was wasted, day 
or night. For weeks their only hope and prayer were for a successful 
defense ; but the spirit of the people soon rose so high that their lead- 
ers regarded it safe and judicious to openly attack their adversaries in 
aggressive and ofiensive warfare. Not only were they besieged by 
a persistent enemy beyond their walls, but hunger, famine, and pesti- 
lence invaded their dwellings and crowded hovels. Not only were 
their lives exposed to the fire from without, and the terrors of fam- 
ine and disease within, but their streets and councils were infested with 
traitors who were plotting for their destruction. Vigilance and cour- 
age were amply rewarded in the circumvention of these traitoroua 
plots. None but language of stubbornness and resolution dare be pub- 
licly uttered. 



flOOTOH-IBISH CONFLI0T8. 107 

The time came when nearly all the resources of food were exhausted, 
yet the brave defenders showed no signs of submission or surrender. 
Only three starved horses remained in the entire city, and these were 
eventually slaughtered for food. The people perished so rapidly from 
hunger and disease that it was impossible for the survivors to perform 
the rites of burial. There was scarcely a cellar in which some corpse 
was not decaying. Such was the extremity of distress that the rats 
that came to feast in those hideous dens were eagerly hunted and de- 
voured. Leprosies engendered in those foul and famine-stricken con- 
ditions made existence a constant torment. The whole city was 
poisoned by the stench from the bodies of the dead and dying and the 
half dead. Notwithstanding all this death and suffering, the people 
forgot not their religious duties. Such conditions of sufiering frequent- 
ly inspire people with despair, so that, like the man of Uz, they curse 
God and die. Not so with the heroic defenders of Londonderry. 
They assembled daily to hear the aged and venerable Walker preach 
to them and encourage them with the hope of ultimate success in their 
heroic defense of the city, and they went forth again with hag- 
gard faces and tottering steps to the walls and to the trenches. Such 
is the picture which the eloquent historian has painted for all succeed- 
ing generations, as a sublime example of devotion to duty and to 
principle, amid every possible sacrifice of all that is dearest and desir- 
able in life. That people are described by eyewitnesses as having had 
much in common with that sober, resolute, and God-fearing class ^ut 
of which Cromwell created his unconquerable army. 

After the lapse of two centuries, and upon this occasion, it is not 
necessary to linger over the facts that constituted the grounds of that 
bitter controversy and animated the contending parties. My only 
purpose is to poiut to an instance of heroic devotion to duty, by a peo- 
ple of the Scotch-Irish race, leaving it to the historian to settle in his 
own way the questions that invigorated that noted conflict. Our only 
aim in recurring to those events is to show with what tenacity the 
Scotch-Irish race has clung in all possible dangers to what it regarded 
the rights, duties, and sacrifices for conscience. No race or class of 
men has ever displayed a more heroic adhesion to this sense of duty 
than the brave men and women of Londonderry. 

It is our duty as men of another century and their kindred to honor 
their memories, whether they fought and suffered for a cause right or 
wrong. It is a homage that is due from one brave generation to an- 
other. That man or woman is bravest who can do full justice to the 
motives and the courage of a just and honorable adversary. Not only 



108 TflE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

should this heroic conduct of our ancestors be an eternal example to 
ourselves, but it is the heritage of all races and peoples who desire to 
emulate the brave, the great, and the good. It illustrates the moral 
possibilities of the human race, and is another step in the approach to 
that divinity that shapes all holy ends. 

The heroic defense of Londonderry is not a sole and isolated illus- 
tration of the moral heroism and sublime courage of the Scotch-Irish. 
Go to India* and to the East, and you will see the evidences of it among 
the moldering graves of those who followed Clive, Stewart, Campbell, 
and Hancock to danger and to death. Follow the trail of the trader 
to Hudson's Bay and York Factory, and you will there encounter the 
Scotch-Irishman as the pioneer under the Arctic Circle. His adven- 
turous moral character, his piety and self-sacrificing devotion to duty 
are illustrated in the life-long, lonely struggle of Mr. Duncan, the 
pioneer missionary of the North Pacific Coast. The jungles and 
swamps of Central Africa are eloquent in praise of the Scotch-Irish- 
man's missionary and industrial energy. Go where you will, where 
human effort is needed to awaken the earth to civilization, and you will 
encounter the Scotch-Irishman in the van of every commendable and 
worthy enterprise. 

The sober, resolute, and God-fearing spirit which inspired the class 
out of which Cromwell created his unconquerable army is that which 
has animated the Scotch-Irish in all their glorious enterprises and 
aohievements. 

I am not entirely influenced by State pride when I venture the 
statement that Pennsylvania, for several generations, both immediately 
preceding the war of the Revolution and thereafter, was the especial 
abiding place of the Scotch-Irish in America. I am aware that one 
of the oldest settlements in New England, the Londonderry of New 
Hampshire, owed its existence to Scotch-Irish refugees, and became 
one of the most morally healthy and vigorous settlements of colonial 
days. It is true also that the province of Ulster gave to the Caroli- 
nas, and to Georgia, and to the mountains of Virginia, many of their 
best and bravest pioneer settlers ; yet, with all these concessions, it is 
nevertheless true that the province of Pennsylvania became the favored ' 
home of the great body of Scotch-Irish immigrants before the Revolution. 
In the conditions of the new State which William Penn founded on 
the banks of the Delaware and of the Schuylkill there was some- 
thing peculiarly liberal and inviting to the Scotch-Irishman and his 
iamily in those days. The invocation of the utmost degree of reli- 
gious liberty in Penn's new commonwealth was a powerful influence 



SCOTCH-IRISH CONFLICTS. 109 

inviting and soliciting the Scotch-Irish immigrant. There was some- 
thing, too, in the climate, in the fertile, forest-dotted valleys, and in the 
rugged mountain chains which inspired the spirit of freedom and ap- 
pealed to the Scotch-Irish immigrant, and made Pennsylvania home- 
like to him, notwithstanding it was still a wilderness west of the Sus- 
quehanna. Her bright, clear rivers and mountain streams were a 
charm to his senses and a delightful daydream to his imagination; 
and though the lurking savage in those dense forests was a perennial 
menace to his peace and safety, yet thousands of them built their cab- 
ins in those deep and secluded valleys, and trusted in God and to the 
benign policy of William Penn and his successors in preference to the 
more favored regions farther South. 

While negro slavery was legally tolerated in Pennsylvania, under 
the proprietorship of William Penn's sons, and successors in colonial 
days, it possessed scarcely any social or economic importance in a white 
population so comparatively large. It therefore exerted a meager 
influence in deterring* immigration, and its abolition eventually, 
shortly after the Revolution, was attended by scarcely any social dis- 
turbance. 

The English and Quaker influence in that State just before the 
Revolution dominated the counties nearest to the lower Delaware and 
those in the southeast adjoining Maryland. During the thirty or forty 
years preceding the Revolution, a large and distinctive immigration, 
due to religious persecution and almost constant continental European 
wan, came from the Rhine Palatinate; and hosts of Germans made 
homes for themselves upon the upper Delaware and along the banks 
of the Lehigh and its tributaries. From that day to this, notwith- 
standing the wonderful economic and social changes that have been 
wrought by time and circumstances, those sections of Pennsylvania 
preserve their ancient German characteristics in a great degree. They 
have sent out hordes of their sons and daughters to the great West to 
assist in building up new States, but no new or strange race has come 
to take their places entirely, as happened ages ago, when one people 
trod on the keels of the other in the great migrations from the high- 
lands of Central Asia. 

While the English and the Quaker followers of William Penn were 
filling up the valleys with new settlements, from the Delaware to the 
Susquehanna, a broad belt of mountain and valley, forest and stream, 
in unbroken solitude stretched from Maryland and Virginia to New 
York, and from the Susquehanna to the forks ef the Ohio. It was the 
favorite hunting ground of the Delawares, the Shawnees, and the Min- 



110 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

goes ; and few white men, besides Indian traders or Moravian inission- 
aries, had ever traversed its western limits. 

The Scotch-Irish were the first to invade it for permanent settle- 
ment These pioneer Scotch-Irish, after passing the Susquehanna, 
traveled in two lines toward their goal in the wilderness. One large 
group trended toward the southwest, and, in company with great num- 
bers of Pennsylvania Germans, made conquest of the beautiful valley 
of the Shenandoah in Virginia, and followed the numerous branches 
of that stream and of the upper Potomac. A mere bridle path led up 
the Juniata from its confluence with the Susquehanna, and along this 
trail thousands of Scotch-Irish settlers moved into the wilderness at 
the foot of the Alleghanies, and across the mountains to the richly 
timbered lands of Western Pennsylvania. This trail along the banks 
of the Juniata became the highway of civilization and commerce, and 
is now one of the thoroughfares to the great West beyond the moun- 
tains. Little more than a century ago the smoke of the lonely Scotch- 
Irish cabin could be seen ascending above the«tree tops of the dense, 
forest wilderness in hundreds of secluded valleys, and beyond the 
reach of the rmmediate protection of the denser white settlements. 
Primitive names of these settlements, which became, in time, the titles 
of towns, villages, and hamlets, betray how generally they were of 
Scotch-Irish origin. A chain of frontier forts, or stockades for refuge 
during Indian wars or hostilities, was created by public authority in 
the later colonial days, and extended from Fort Cumberland, in Mary- 
land, in a large semicircle, through the woods and over the mountains, 
to Fort Augusta, in the northeastern part of the province. They were 
in great part, however, manned and garrisoned by the settlers them- 
selves. It was from these Scotch-Irish settlers, beyond the Susquehan- 
na, that bands of rangers were constituted for patrolling the wilderness 
beyond the settlements. A braver or more hardy race of men were 
never before intrusted with the safety and guardianship of a confiding 
people, than were these stanch, faithful, active, energetic forefathers 
of ours in the wilderness of Central and Western Pennsylvania. Phys- 
ically they were a wonderfully hardy race. They were tall, angular, 
and muscular; and made no claim to personal beauty; and had no 
particular pride in it. Reddish or sandy hair predominated, with a 
ruddy, healthy complexion. They were prouder of their skill with the 
rifle and the ax than of any other personal accomplishment; yet, with 
the instinct of their race, they neglected not the building of a log 
•church and a log school house in the neighborhood, as soon as the ex- 
tent and character of the settlement could justify it. 



BCOTCH-IRISH CONFLICTS. Ill 

It is a notorious fact that, when the time came for the State itself 
to enter upon a general system of free schools and puhlic education for 
the children of the poor, by general taxation, the Scotch-Irish of 
Pennsylvania were the first to cheerfully respond to this great public 
demand. In the second generation of the settlement of that section of 
the State, two liberally endowed colleges, under the auspices of the re- 
ligious society of the predominating faith, were already responding to 
the demand for a higher education. 

As in the old world, so in the new, the heroic qualities of the 
Scotch-Irish have been grandly tested. It has had its trial of fire in 
assisting to create a new country and a new nation ; and has done its 
share in the preservation of what former generations heroically ac- 
quired. 

When the perilous period arrived for the American colonies to 
sever the last ligament that united them to the mother country, the 
Scotch-Irish, as a mass, had no hesitation. Their situation in Central 
and Western Pennsylvania was unusually hazardous. On the frontier 
they were exposed to the ravages of the Indian allies of Great Britain, 
while the roll of honor shows how handsomely and loyally they con- 
tributed their share to the regiments commanded by the Waynes, the 
Cadwalladers, and the Sullivans. In hundreds of instances, the 
mother, in the lonely frontier cabin, guarded and watched over her 
sacred flock, and cultivated the meager patch for their sustenance, 
while the patriotic husband was absent hundreds of miles, doing duty 
in the ranks of the patriot army. These are sacrifices we are unable 
to appreciate. They demanded the highest efiTorts of heroism; and 
while our highest tribute is due to these hardy pioneers for the sacri- 
fices the men were making in the face of a civilized foe, yet language 
in praise is too feeble to express our admiration of the brave women 
who uncomplainingly endured these still greater sufferings and priva- 
tions at home in the wilderness. They were worthy pioneer mothers, 
noble desceifdants of such mothers as manifested their heroic conduct 
in the siege of Londonderry, and worthy mothers of a race of men and 
women who have assisted in peopling the great West and on to the 
Pacific coast. 

Later on, it was made a matter of reproach to the Scotch-Irish of 
Pennsylvania that they were the chief element in the notorious whisky 
insurrection of 1794. No defense can properly be made for the con- 
duct of the inhabitants of that section of the Union at that time. It 
is extremely difiScult for any class of people who have been accus- 
tomed to a want of direct legal restraint, during a course of years, to 



112 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

easily submit to a system of strange and unique legal regulations. 
For a generation, almost, the people in that section had lived a sort of 
unrestrained Arcadian life in the wilderness, and when the govern- 
ment, in a new and singular form of taxation, placed its heavy hand 
upon the only means they had of commerce and traffic with people be- 
yond, it should not seem strange that discontent, to the borders of 
thoughtless rebellion almost, should be created. They had been 
habituated to too much personal liberty up to that time, to fully 
appreciate the necessities of the government, and their own duty 
toward it. It is an historical fact that throughout the entire country, 
in settlements and communities much older than those beyond the 
mountains, there also existed at that time an exaggerated notion of 
the functions and limits of government, and open insurrection was 
manifested, as in the case of the Fries Rebellion, in which no Scotch- 
Irish were participants or sufierers. Well have the Scotch-Irish and 
their descendants atoned, by a noble and patriotic discharge of duty, 
for this mistake and error of a century ago. 

Wherever the Scotch-Irish have been in the intervening century, 
they have manifested those sterling characteristics with which their 
ancestors were largely endowed. When the struggle eventuated (hat 
became the supreme test of the durability of the Union, the descend- 
ants of the pioneer Scotch-Irish in all the Northern States evinced 
that devotion to lawfully constituted government, and that spirit of 
personal freedom that has animated the race the world over. That 
sober, God-fearing, resolute class from which Cromwell had created his 
unconquerable army gave its great proportion from the Scotch-Irish 
in the effort to quell the great insurrection. The descendants had lost 
none of the religious reverence for right and duty which characterized 
their heroic, sober, God-fearing, and resolute ancestry. Regiments 
largely, and in one or two instances entirely, composed of the descend- 
ants of a Scotch-Irish ancestry responded to the call of the govern- 
ment; and, emulating the devout heroes of the past, were proud to be 
called " Round Heads." They gloried in this title on the battlefield, 
and in camp, and on the march ; and without any tincture or sem. 
blance of hypocrisy justified this glorious name. The Bible was the 
daily companion of very many of them. In enlisting they were actu- 
ated by patriotism alone. They were animated in becoming soldiers 
by that ardent spirit which fired the entire North in 1861. They were 
far from self-seeking and the desire for mere military glory. There 
was no rivalry for rank and position. They were content to discharge 
the duty of common, private soldiers; and only remained soldiers until 



SCOTCH-IRISH CONFLICTS. 113 

peace was restored. The supremacy of the CoDstitution and laws of 
the United States having been restored, those who survived the great 
calamity of civil war resumed the duties and obligations of ordinary 
citizenship with an alacrity and cheerfulness that astonished the rulers 
of Europe, accustomed to the perpetual tread of mercenary standing 
armies. 

Many of these brave sons of Scotch-Irish blood now sleep in graves 
marked "unknown/' on a hundred battlefields. No bronze or 
marble tells the story of their death, duty, and sacrifices, but their 
moldering remains await the great recognition at the end of all time 
and all earthly things. 

On both sides of that great conflict there were memorable examples 
of the valor and character of the Scotch-Irish race. The annals of 
both are crowded with illustrations of Christian heroism. History 
will preserve the memory of the glorious deeds of the leaders in that 
great contest ; but it is the desolated home circle, the empty chair at the 
humble home fireside that must keep the memories green of those who 
fought and perished in the ranks. I have seen some of these men die, 
wearing the blue or the gray, who died in the hospital or on the battle- 
field, as the lion-hearted soldiers of Cromwell died. 

The Union was sacred to those men, but the cause of human free- 
dom still more holy. When in the progress of events it appeared 
that the last vestige of human slavery would be wiped from the map 
and institutions of our beloved country, God spoke to the consciences 
of those brave men, and the blood they shed was sanctified in the holi- 
ness of the cause. 

In every great conflict of ours, the Scotch-Irish in America have 
been true to their own character, to the traditions of the race, and to 
the teachings and example of an heroic Christian ancestry. These are 
our heritage in trust for the future. It is not enough for us to glorify 
the past. The honor and future mission of the Scotch-Irish are in the 
keeping of this generation ; and its future history will be as we, in our 
acts, in our thoughts, and our endeavor, make it. 
8 



HOW GOD MADE THE SCOTCH-IRISH. 



BY W. C. GRAY, PH.D., OF CHICAGO, EDITOB OP THE " INTERIOR.'' 



The name of a race carries to the mind a distinct impression and brings 
before us a typical personality. One hears the name " Dutchman," 
and forthwith we see a stolid, phlegmatic, slow-going, stubborn plod- 
der who, though he goes like a turtle, arrives on time. Though he be 
so deliberate, yet we know that under powerful stimulation of his pas- 
sions he sometimes goes fast, as in the march which he made when he 
was mad through and through, and all the time, from the Rhine to 
Paris under the lead of Bismarck and King William. The name of 
Frenchman evokes a voluble, volatile, pirouetting creature, extraordi- 
narily polite, who, though he has much of surface, and most of what 
he has is there, yet we also know has solid qualities of thought, endur- 
ance, and courage. And so of an Englishman or an Italian, or a Cel- 
tic Irishman or a Scotchman. Each name evokes to the mind an ideal 
personality who looks and acts like his race. 

When God made these various races he finished them up perfect, 
after their kind, and they run the same way, like a Swiss watch, till 
they run down, the mainspring breaks, or they are worn out But 
when God came to make the Scotch-Irish he put the materials together 
so that nothing but a Scotch-Irishman could come of them, and then 
left them to finish the job themselves. The result was a race, the 
name of which does not suggest a distinct personality. You cannot 
identify a Scotch-Irishman by looking at him ; nor, unless he be very 
fresh from Ulster, by hearing him talk. The only way you can iden- 
tify him is by a process of negations. You say he is not English, Ger- 
man, Spaniard, French, Celtic-Irish — very well, then, he must be a 
Scotch-Irishman. 

The ethnologists have never yet been able to account for him. The 
first we knew of him he was on his own proper sod, in the North of 
Ireland, as unlike the Celts as he is now, and hating them as cordially. 
Then we hear of him crossing over and sharing the land o' cakes with 
the Picts. Then he is back again on his old stamping ground in Ul- 
ster. And after that we find that he has scattered, leaving enough of 
his kind at home to hold the old rocky headlands which frown defi- 
ance at the northern storms, but otherwise he is everywhere, and 
everywhere on top. He fired himself at our whole Atlantic coast, and 
from Cape Cod to Port Royal there he was. 
(1 14) 



HOW GOD MADE THE SCOTGH-IRIBH. 115 

I account for him in this way. He is, for the main stalk, Teutonic. 
How or when he made his way to the North of Ireland no one knows, 
and no one knows really how he got to anywhere. How was it that 
he gave his type to so much of the population of the Carolinas and the 
Virginias, Maryland and Pennsylvania? When did he come over? 
History always finds him already there, and also finds him on top as 
usual, and that is the most that history has to say about his geograph- 
ical distribution. But I must stick close to my theme of how God 
made him. The Celtic Irish came from the South. The most enter- 
prising of them pushed on up to the North of the Green Isle, the best 
of them, as the cream rises, leaving the skim milk below. There they 
and the Scots came together and mixed. It is true that the mixture 
was at first mostly a mixed and a miscellaneous fight, but when this 
was over and the race had settled down, it was found to be composed 
of Scot solidity and Celtic fire. It is to be said on the side of the 
peacable disposition of the Scotch-Irish that they never fight any peo- 
ple unless they can get at them. 

Now I should not be surprised if some ethnological specimen in this 
audience should prick up his ears and dispute this account. In fact, I 
know he will. He will do it anyway. That is what a Scotch-Irish- 
man always does. But there he is: pluck, perseverance, solidity, and 
Are. These elements must have come from somewhere, and there was 
no place in Europe where they are found in sttu, except in the Teu- 
tonic forests and in the Celtic peninsulas. 

I opened my eyes on this wicked and lovely world in Southwestern 
Ohio, and discovered that all my kindred and neighbors were Scotch- 
Irish. They were very religious people, devoted to fighting and pray- 
ing. Among my relatives were As^^ociates, Associate Reformed, Cove- 
nanters, both old side and new side, and Warwickites, or, as they 
called themselves. Reformed Dissenters. The reform in dissension 
which they represented was in the vigor of their dissent. A War- 
wickite was embodied perpetual motion in kicking. He kicked at 
the Associates or Seceders, at the Associate Reformed, at the old Dis- 
senters, and he impartially kicked first at the old side and then at the 
new side Covenanters. When I began to inquire where my relatives 
came from to the then new country, I found that a part of them were 
Carolinians, a part of them Kentucky- Virginians, and a part of them 
direct from Ulster. On my father's side my grandfather came from 
Ireland, my grandmother from Virginia. On my mother's side my 
grandfather came from Ireland, and my grandmother from Kentucky. 
She was among the first eraigranU to the blue grass, but whether froiu the 



116 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

Carolinas or Virginia, I do not know. Anyway they were, every moth- 
er's son and daughter of them, Scotch-Irish. Wherever they came from, 
they attracted each other, and the attraction, as they told me, that brought 
them together was that they might enjoy the ^* means of grace." The 
means of grace that they sought was the privilege of splitting up into 
little denominations and arguing theology. What I marvel at is how 
this wondrously energetic race managed so quickly to cover so much 
ground. In thirty years, from the beginning of the century to 1830, they 
had planted Butler, Warren, Preble, Darke, Greene, and Ross Counties, 
in Ohio, and across Liberty County into Fayette and Rush, in Indiana, 
little psalm-singing Churches of all the sorts everywhere. It was 
more than the natural increase and the increase by immigration. If one 
of our girls married out of the Church, say to a Methodist, she would 
make a Scotch-Irishman of him before the first baby was born, and 
that was always within the year. And so some of my uncles on my 
father's side — there were nine of them — married Vermont girls, who 
had drifted to the West, and these Vermont maidens were so Scotch 
Irish before the first addition was made to the family that you could 
not tell them from the genuine. 

Beyond the circle of my relatives in that region, I do not know 
personally much about our race. The MacMillans, Reids, Grays, 
Woods, Lynches, and Devers, all one way or another relatives, were 
evidently, from the names, of the elect race by the male line. But 
there were others, the Kentucky Robinsons and Martins, also relatives 
of ours, who were no doubt English people who had been brought into 
the royal line of the Scotch-Irish by accidentally falling into the 
clutches of Scotch-Irish girls. Any fellow who did that, whatever his 
race or faith, was a goner. He had, will-he, nill-he, to obey the scrip- 
ture injunction to forsake father and mother and cleave to his wife, 
and his wife clave to the Church and to her clan, and so he had no 
chance of getting away. He must perforce learn to sing Rouse psalms 
and arguiy theology. 

I suppose this same process went on historically and everywhere. I 
do not see h6w else we are to account for the fact that the people of so 
small a territory as Ulster should show such a numerical and geo- 
graphical extension in America and in the British colonies as they did. 
It is probable, also, that they show for more than they count, for the 
reason that wherever they are they are on top. They are visible from 
a distance. Wherever there is one you do not have to look downhill 
to see him. I am not saying this in a spirit of boastfulness ; it is my 
observation. No other people show such a large percentage of thrift 



HOW GOD MADE THE SCOTCH-IRISH. 117 

and success. When the ** far-downer " Irishman was asked if one man 
was not as good as another man, and answered, " Faix an' he is, and a 
great deal better/' the one man he referred to waa the Ulsterman. As 
far as I can recall them in those old settlements, I can remember no 
exception. They were all prosperous, under their own roofs and on 
their own acres, and I am much mistaken if this observation is not 
confirmed by the gentlemen in this audience, coming as they do from 
every part of our wide country. The old prophet said that when God 
made man he made him upright. When he made the Scotch-Irishman 
he made him upright (not always upright in a horse trade) and also 
horizontal — ^that is, with a tendency to territorial extension. He 
faithfully obeys the first commandment, to increase and multiply and 
replenish the earth and have dominion over it. He is good all along the 
line of that command, but he comes in heaviest on the last clause of it. 

My early recollection of them is that they were clannish. I am 
told that my grandfather's family — himself and his ten sons — were 
known throughout the country side as the '* Irish Grays," and that 
while they were very pious they were somewhat lawless in that they 
settled their disputes in their own proper persons, and not by going to 
law. These ten sons were perfectly obedient to the last, to their father. 
His word was law to them, and as he died in his ninety-ninth year his 
reign over them was long continued. Some of them were themselves 
old men when he died. I take this to have been a survival of the gens, 
or clans. Another evidence of this was that every brother of them 
was provided with a farm and a little log stillhouse, by the united 
efforts of all. Their father saw to it that they should be equal in their 
property. I suppose this was why the outfit included a stillhouse as 
well as a farm. In evidence of the high nioral character of the fami- 
ly, it was said that they made good honest whisky, that a man could 
get drunk more quickly and more hilariously on the brand of the 
"Irish Grays" than on any other whisky in the country. I may be 
pardoned if I take a little natural pride in the reputation of my ances- 
tors for fair dealing in this particular. I remember hearing one of 
them complaining of the lack of principle among the consumers on 
this subject " If the whisky is good," he said, ** they will praise it 
and drink it. If it is bad, they will curse it and drink it." He held 
that a man who would drink bad whisky thereby partook of the rascality 
of the man who made it, that he was particeps criminis after the fact. 

But the stillhouses all disappeared early in my recollection. When 
those stalwart religious people were convinced that the manufacture 
.and traffic of ardeut liquors was wrong, they made short work of it. 



118 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Not only the stillhouses were didcontinued, but liquor went out of the 
home and out of the harvest field. The most aggressive teinperanoe 
people in this country are the people of our race. They are a people of 
intense moral and religious convictions, and they never hesitate to live 
strictly up to them. Convince them that a thing is wrong, and they 
will never cease their opposition to it. Convince them that a thing i» 
right, and they will stand by it against any odds. Our Carolina 
Scotch-Irish left their beloved States because they were convinced that 
slavery was wrong, and they opposed it; not acrimoniously, but firmly 
and consistently. We never lost friendship with our slaveholdin^ 
kindred, nor ever blamed them for the existence of the institution. 
The very element of level-headed common sense which makes our peo- 
ple successful excludes fanaticism. 

That the people whom our fathers left behind on the old sod are 
holding their way straight and true b exemplified by one of the most 
remarkable events in any history. It is only a year or so ago that 
they turned out and organized military companies, and began to drill 
for the purpose of fighting the queen's government for the privilege 
of remaining subjects of her government. The like of that was never 
seen or heard of in the world before. And the English knew that 
they would fight if pushed to the wall. All we, their cousins, ask for 
them, is that if Irish home rule is legally established, England shall 
keep her hands off, and let the Celtic Irish try their hands at ruling 
Ulster. The croppies would lie down again. The Scotch-Irish would 
be found, as soon as the smoke cleared away, where they are every- 
where and always : on top. When the Lord made the Scotch-Irish race,, 
he put a bone in it which never lets the knee bend except to Himself. 

When I look back to my ancestry, it is with pride. It is not the 
pride of an ancient family, or of great individual names. They are 
not emblazoned personally in history, but they were at Boyne water» 
They marched long before they saw the sunrise of the Revolution at 
Crown Point and at Yorktown. Wherever the drumbeat of liberty 
has been heard, the sturdy tramp, tramp, of the Scotch-Irish has been- 
behind it. They a>e to-day the kernel and core of every British 
army. They are to-day in every mission field in the dark continents of 
the far East. They are to-day in the pulpits of the greatest and rich- 
est churches, from John Hall's in Fifth Avenue, to the bark shack in 
the Rocky Mountains. They ask no odds of any people in the pulpit,, 
at the bar, on the battlefield, in the legislative hall, in city, country, or 
wilderness. God go with them and keep them ever true and brave and 
good, worthy sons of mighty and famous sires I 



CELTIC CHRISTIANITY. 

BT J. O. BTBVEMBOM, D.D., WATERLOO, lA. 



I. The Celtic Nations. 

The Iranian plateaus that lie between the waters of the Indus, 
Oxus, and Tigris have the credit of being the cradle of the Japhetic 
races. Two great migrations descended from these table-lands into 
Europe. The first, consisting of the Celts and the ancient Pelasgians 
who were the ancestors of the Romans and Grecians, moved along the 
Mediterranean shores, settling in Greece and Italy, Spain and France, 
the British Islands and Ireland. The second migration, consisting of 
Teutons, Slavs, and Lithuanians, moved toward the central and north- 
ern parts of Europe. Because the Celt is found farthest west in Eu- 
rope, he has been credited with being the oldest of the Japhetic races. 
The children of Japheth have in the Celt a representative strangely 
analogous to that which the children of Shem have in the Hebrew. 
Both are ancient, both are religious, both are scattered. 

These nations were named Keltai by the Greek, and Galli by the 
Roman. The modern equivalents are Celts, Gauls, and Gaels. Gala- 
tai, which is our name Galatiana, seem to be a combination of both. 
Celts, Gauls, Gaels, Galatians are only different names for the same 
races. We are indebted to Grecian and Roman historians for our in- 
formation concerning the Celts. From these sources we learn that 
five hundred years before the birth of Christ a powerful people called 
Gauls, led by one Brennus, overthrew the young Roman State and 
sacked Rome. Two hundred years later another Brennus led another 
army of Gauls numbering one hundred and fifty thousand foot and 
sixty thousand cavalry, into Greece. The pass of Thermopylae had 
no terrors for them. A part of this army, having quarreled with its 
commander, marched eastward toward Byzantium, crossed over into 
Asia and settled in Galatia, giving that province its name. Between 
the years 60 and 50 B.C., the great Julius Caesar conducted that re- 
markable campaign in Gaul, of which he gave the world an equally 
remarkable account in his Commentaries, by which he reduced a free 
and chivalrous people to absolute obedience to Rome, and gave a form 
to the modern civilization of the French nation. It is worthy of note 
that he failed in his attempt to subjugate the Celts of Britain. Look- 
ing at them through the eyes of Julius Csesar, we can easily see that 
the Celts of his day were not at all barbarians. 

(119) 



120 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

When the Roman Empire fell the Celts were relieved from the 
pressure of the Roman, only to be exposed to the pressure of the Ger- 
man nations of the Teutonic race. The Goths took Spain, and, so far 
as we can see, completely absorbed the Celtic element in that nation. 
The Franks conquered France, but failed to absorb the Celtic blood. 
The Frenchman is much more of a Celt than of a Teuton. The language 
is Celtic. The Saxon, Jute, and Angles conquered England, driving 
the Celt westward into Wales, northward into Scotland, and south- 
ward into Brittany. The Scandinavian sea kings conquered Britta- 
ny, but the Celt made them Normans, who in turn conquered England, 
and thus gave the English some Celtic blood. When Tennyson sang 
bis epithalamium at the marriage of Alexandra to the Prince of 
Wales, he said, ** Saxon and Danes and Normans are we," which is 
true when spoken or sung of Englishmen, but not at all true when 
spoken of Scotch or Irishmen. The Celts who were conquered in 
Spain, France, and England belonged to the Cymric side of the race. 
The Celts were divided into two kinds, Cymric and Gaelic. Ireland 
and the Highlands of Scotland were the strongholds of the Gaelic Celt, 
and he was never permanently conquered by Rnman, Saxon, Dane, or 
Norman. Early in the Christian era a Gaelic Celt tribe rose to 
supremacy in Hibernia. This tribe was named Scoti, or Scots, by the 
Roman. They were also nanjed Milesians, which name is derived by 
some from mileSy " a soldier," by others from a fabled Spanish king 
named Milesius. According to the authorities who hold to the former 
theory, the Scots came from Greece; acc6rding to those who hold the 
latter theory, they came from Spain. This tribe conquered the North 
of Ireland, now named Ulster, under their Dalriadic chiefs passed over 
into Western Scotland, allied themselves to and finally absorbed the 
Pictish Celts, and became the people now known as the Scotch. 
For centuries this people lived both in Ireland and in Scotland. The 
Roman gave the name " Scotia" first of all to the land now called Ire- 
land. It took twelve centuries to change the name and fix it on what 
is now called Scotland. As late as the twelfth century it was not safe 
to assume that Scotland was the native land of any prominent Scotch- 
man, for it might have been Ireland just as well. For one thousand 
years Northern Ireland and Northern Britain were the home of the 
Scottish Celts; for many centuries we passed to and fro between North- 
ern Ireland and Western Scotland. During the reign of King James, 
in 1603-1620, the movement of migration turned toward Ireland. 
John Hill Burton says that during this ])eriod the Highlanders gravi- 
tated to Ireland, and that the Irish no longer, as of old, gravitated to 



CELTIC CHRISTIANITY. 121 

Scotlaod. The settlement of UlBter after the << flight of the eark/' 
1620-1625, was only a return to a native land. From Strath-Clyde, 
from the districts between Aberdeen and Inverness, Scotchmen migra- 
ted by the tens of thousands back to Ulster. It is abundantly evident 
to any student of history that all the Scots are Irish Scots, and all the 
Scotch-Irish are Soots ; that Ulster, is just as much the home of the 
Scot as Argyleshire ; that Ulster is the native land of the Scot. We 
do not know whether our Celtic ancestors came from Greece or Spain, 
but we do know that they all came from Ulster. This is a well-settled 
historical fact 

The Celt went down as a temporal power in Europe because of 
his inability to develop national virtues. He clung to the tribal sys- 
tem with too great pertinacity. Julius Csesar went to war in Gaul 
against clans. A nation can always conquer any number of clans. 
The British Celt went down before the Saxon, quarreling and fighting 
amongst themselves. The Irish Celts have quarreled from time im- 
memorial unto the present day. This is the open secret of Ireland's 
long, dreary story. There is no history of Ireland ; it is a long, dreary 
tangle of the rise and fall of clans and families and ambitious men. 
The Scottish Celt alone, of all the Celtic peoples, learned the secret of 
national organization, which enabled him to supersede the Pictish Celt, 
to remain Celtic in the presence of Dane and Norman and Saxon, to 
achieve national independence on the field of Bannockburn, and ulti- 
mately to secure union on equal terms with the adjacent and powerful 
English nation. The Celt abides in Europe as a spiritual power. To 
Celtic blood is due the fire of the Spaniard, the elasticity of the 
Frenchman, the enterprise of the Englishman, and the intellectuality 
of the Scot 

II. The Celtic Apostles. 

Latin Christianity chose Peter, the ecclesiastic, as its patron saint; 
Celtic Christianity has practically chosen Paul, the teacher of doctrine, 
as its patron saint. As Celts we enjoy the proud distinction of being 
one of the only two races to whom epistles were written by inspiration. 
The Hebrews received an epistle, and the Galatians received an epistle; 
the other epistles were written to churches in cities, or to the churches 
in general. The Epistle to the Galatians is the epistle to the Celts in 
Asia. We can find in this Epistle earmarks that fit the Celtic temper- 
ament. Galatians i. 6: "I marvel that ye are so soon removed from 
him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel." 
Here we have fickleness. Galatians iii. 1 : " O foolish Galatians, who 
hath bewitched you?" Here we have ardent enthusiasm and its shal* 



122 THE SCOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

lowBess. Galatians y. 15: " But if je bite and devour one another." 
Here we have quarrelsomeness such as is manifested by and among 
clans. Galatians iv. 14, 15 : " Ye • . . received me as an angel 
of God ; • • . ye would have plucked out your own eyes, and have 
given them to me." Here we have ardent affection. These are all 
characteristics of the Celt. The Epistle to the Galatians belongs to all 
who have Celtic blood in their veins. 

We are told in the book of Acts that Paul and Timothy went 
through the region of Galatia, and preached. We learn from the 
Epistle to the Galatians that Paul was providentially detained by sick- 
ness in this district, and in consequence preached there a long time* 
We know that he was warmly received, and that to this ancient Celtic 
people in Asia he wrote and preached the great doctrine of justification 
by faith, first of all. Thus the gospel was planted in the heart of the 
Celtic race directly by Paul, its greatest missionary apostle. We read 
in 2 Timothy iv. 10 that Paul sent Crescens to Galatia. Eusebius, 
Epiphanius, Theodore of Mopuestia, and Theodoret, explain Galatia 
here of European Gaul now known as France. The Churches of 
Vienne and Mayence claimed Crescens as their founder. Here we 
have a missionary sent by Paul to the Gallic Celts. In Paul's day a 
close commercial and tribal connection existed between Asia Minor 
and European Gaul. Pothinus, Bishop of Lyons, and Irenseus, a 
young priest who labored with him, were from Asia Minor, both being 
natives of Smyrna. Irenseus acquired the Celtic language that he 
might preach in Gaul, and because of this was much loved by the 
Celt. 

This primitive Gallic Church has a noble history, and furnished a 
noble army of martyrs under pagan persecutions. The final struggle 
between Christendom and classic paganism was in reality fought out on 
Gallic soil. Impressed by the strength- of Christianity under persecu- 
tion, as seen in Gaul, Constantine the Great was converted ; marching 
through Gaul to meet Maxentius, he had his vision of the cross, which 
persuaded him to adopt it for his banner; accompanied by the Gauls 
who flocked to him eager to fight under the new banner, he entered 
Borne in triumph. It was the Celt who finally turned the scale in 
fiftvor of Christianity, who changed the religion of the Roman Empire 
from paganism to Christianity, A.D. 312. 

In the meantime Christianity has reached the British Celt through 
the Roman occupancy of the island. The names of the first preachera 
are buried in oblivion. One name remains, that of St. Alban, who 
sufiered martyrdom in the reign of Diocletian, 260 A.D.. But there 



, CELTIC CHRISTIANITY. 125 

were Churcbes amoogst the Britons, for we find in the records of the 
Councils of Aries, Sardis, and Rimini, names of delegates from York, 
London, Lincoln, and Caerleon on Usk. These councils were held in 
314, 347, and 360 A.D. In 410 the Bomans withdrew from Britain, 
and then began the long struggle with the Saxon which completely 
separated the Christianity of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland 
from that of the continent, for a period covering between six and eight 
hundred years. 

About the time of the withdrawal of the Roman legions, St. Ninian,^ 
the first missionary to Scotland, began hb labors in that land. He 
was a Celt, the son of a Celtic chieftain of Galloway, who was a 
Christian. He organized a diocese in Galloway, built a church at 
Whithorn, where may still be seen some relics of the saint. He went 
to the Pictish Celts as a missionary. His main work was done in Stir- 
lingshire and Perthshire, but his fame went as far North as Shetland,, 
and many churches were dedicated in his name. The parish and 
church of St. Ninian, near Stirling, mentioned in Sir Walter Scott's 
" Lord of the Isles " as being the scene of the ** late wake of De 
Argentine'' after the Battle of Bannockburn, is one of them. The 
speaker has the honor of having belonged in his boyhood days to the 
parish of St. Ninian. Near by is the ancient town of Kilpatrick,. 
acknowledged as being the probable birthplace of St. Patrick, the mis- 
sionary to Ireland. To have been bom on the field of Bannockburn * 
to have lived adjacent to the district which gave birth to St. Patrick ; 
to have belonged to the parish of St. Ninian, is apostolic succession 
enough for anybody. 

Bom in the district of St Ninian's missionary labors; converted na 
doubt by the result of these labors, St. Patrick became the missionary 
to Ireland in God's own way. Like Joseph of old, he was taken by 
force and sold into slavery to the King of Dalriada. Having escaped 
and returned home, he had a vision and heard a voice from Ireland,, 
saying: " We entreat thee, holy youth, to come and henceforth walk 
amongst us." Obedient to the heavenly vision, he went to France, and 
studied under St. Martin of Tours. About 432 A.D. he sailed for 
Ireland. His remarkable success is known to all students of ecclesias- 
tical history. In one generation a whole people forsook paganism and 
became Christians. His missionary work was peculiar in that it 
gained the chiefs of the clans first, and worked from above, downward 
amongst the Scots who were at that time dwelling in Ireland, which 
was then called Scotia. Scotland gave St Patrick to Ireland, and re- 
ceived from Ireland in return the missionary, St Columba. 



124 THE SOOTGH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

St. Columba was of princely lineage. Excommunicated for taking 
active part in a battle, he sailed from Ireland to the island lona, on 
the west coast of Scotland, where he began his well-known missionary 
labors about the beginning of the sixth century. All through the 
western isles he planted monastic churches whose ruins may still be 
traced. His followers fearlessly launched their frail corries on the 
stormy seas, and carried the gospel as far north as the Orkney and 
Shetland Islands. St. Kentigern, or St. Mungo as he is best known, a 
coworker and successor to Columba, became the apostle of Strath- 
clyde, and is to-day the patron saint of the city of Glasgow. St. 
Cuthbert became the apostle of the Lowlands, and did for Eastern 
Scotland what was done for the Western Lowlands by St. Mungo. 
These are the Celtic apostles of the British Isles: St. David, the 
apostle of the Welsh ; St. Ninian, the apostle to the Picts ; St. Patrick, 
the apostle of Ireland; St. Columba, the apostle of Scotland; St. Mun- 
go, the apostle of Strathclyde, the Western Lowlands ; and St. Cuthbert, 
the apostle of Northumberland, the Eastern Lowlands. 

It is well known that these primitive Celtic missionaries had 
little or no connection with the Roman Church. The warring Jutes, 
Angles, and Saxons separated them entirely for a long time from all 
European connection or communication. The present imperial form 
of the Roman Church dates back only to the days of Hildebrand, or 
Gregory VII., who lived six hundred years after these missionaries of 
the cross. Therefore the Celtic Churches had no connection at all 
with the Church of Rome, as it is now organized. They had little 
connection with Rome in any form, and no connection with Rome in 
its present form. 

III. Celtic Missionary Romance. 

The Imperial Church of Rome has made a skillful use of the power 
which the marvelous has over the human mind. It has diligently 
fed man's appetite for the wonderful and worshipful, by the beatifica- 
tion of the faithful, by relics of saints, by historical curiosities, and by 
revering the miraculous. Protestantism has made a mistake in under, 
valuing and neglecting the power of the wonderful, the antique, and 
the marvelous. Whenever we desire to rectify this mistake we can 
find a rich field of the wonderful and romantic in the annals of the 
primitive Celtic Churches. 

The retreat of the Christianized Briton before the pagan Saxon is 
the very fountain head of all romance. The hero of this retreat is 
King Arthur of the Round Table. ''To break the heathen and 



CELTIC CHRISTIANITY. 125 

uphold the Christ," were the objects had in view by the Knights who 
formed the Table Hound. The mythical Arthur's battles have been 
located by the bards in many lands, reaching all the way from the 
Highlands of Scotland to the Highlands of Spain. The best authori- 
ties of to-day locate the closing struggle of the historic Arthur's great 
battles in Cumbria and Strathclyde, the region which had Dumbar- 
t6n for its capital. Perhaps he fought his way, retreating northward 
and westward before his foes, but the predominance of Arthurian local- 
ities in Southern Scotland points to that as the Arthur laud. Ediu- 
burg Castle looks out on Arthur'^ Seat; Stirling Castle looks down 
on the Table Round ; the waters of the Carron sang a lullaby for cen- 
turies to Arthur's Oven. The district is full of Arthurian names. 
Arthur was the last great king of the British Celts. Geraint and 
Enid, Launcelot and Elaine, Merlin and Vivien, Arthur and Guine- 
vere, were Celts. The Table Round was a Celtic organization; their 
deeds were Celtic deeds, even when seeking the Holy Grail. Their 
aim was " To break the heathen and uphold the Christ." Our own 
bards sang that old romance. In later days, the fall of that last Celtic 
king in the great battle of the West, down by the wintry sea, fighting 
for the Christ, smote the spirit of song so forcibly that the trouba- 
dours of Spain, the trauvere of France, the minnesingers of Germany, 
sang, and never tired of singing the romance of the Round Table; and 
no song pleased the people more than that which recounted the search 
for the Holy Grail. In our day Tennyson has recast the theme and 
given us " The Idyls of the King." But whether sung by Spaniard, 
Frenchman, or Englishman, the people and their deeds are Celtic and 
Christian. We claim Arthur and his Table Round just as the Hebrew 
can claim the Psalms of David in any form or translation. 

The romance of the retreat of Christianity before the pagan Saxon 
is equaled by the romance of its advance upon the pagan Celt in Ire. 
land and Scotland. The question arises, *' What was the pagan cult 
which was superseded by Christianity?" and here we have been 
answered for centuries by Druidic theories. We have been told that 
the Celtic religion was Druidism. They had their priests, who were 
both preachers and teachers, priests and lawyers. They had rich 
robes, mystic rites, elaborate rituals, philosophical cults, and inspired 
bards. They offered human sacrifices, and were held in great awe and 
reverence. The circles of standing stones, such as Stonehenge in En- 
gland, mark their sacred places of worship and sacrifice. We do not 
need to say that a large amount of this is the work of the imagination. 
One paragraph of Julius Csesar*s writing gave birth to a great deal of 



126 THE SOOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

it. Had there been as much to DruidiBin as some have found, we 
would naturally expect the early miaaionaries to lay something about 
it. But they seem to be almost ignorant of any such thing as a 
knowledge or consciousness of Druidism, at least of that Druidism that 
historians have heretofore delighted in describing. The Icelandic Ed- 
das tell us of the religion of our Teutonic brethren ; classic mytholo- 
gy teaches us the religion of our Grecian and Roman cousins ; Vedas 
and Zend-Avestas reveal the religion of our Persian and Hindoo kin ; 
the bards of old give some hints of the worship of our fathers ; but we 
have nothing that does for Celtic paganism what these writings do for 
the religion of our relatives of the Japhetic races. 

The whole subject of the Celtic paganism is being reconstructed 
along the following lines: The cromlechs, or circles of standing stones, 
are monumental, not sacrificial. They marked places of public assem- 
bly, and were monuments to ancient heroes, on historic burial grounds. 
The stones were not sacrificial altars. The Druids did not ofier human 
sacrifices. This much we have reason to believe from modern research 
with pickax and spade. It is said that St Patrick met with one idol 
in Ireland, but inasmuch as many admirers of the great Irish mission- 
ary have conspired to liil his glories high by inventing wonderful 
works and ascribing them to him, we have reason to doubt the exist- 
ence of the great idol he overthrew. With this mythological excep- 
tion, no idols were found amongst the Celts, and no temples, therefore 
we conclude that Celtic paganism was a simple nature worship, if it 
was nature worship. We know that the primitive Celt everywhere 
met Christianity with open arms; at least they had no great difiiculty 
in accepting the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. ' May it not then be 
the case that primitive religion lingered in the hearts of this ancient 
people, as it did in ancient Egypt, in Ur of the Chaldees, in the land 
of Goshen, and in the Holy Land? May not the ancient Druids 
have been priests after the order of Melchizedek, with prophets or bards 
as good, to say the least, as was Balaam of old? Although we have 
no record of the same, it may be that our ancient bards saw as far as 
he did, and sang to their people? ^' We shall see him, but not now; 
we shall behold him, but not nigh ; there shall come a star out of Ja- 
cob, and a scepter shall rise out of Israel.*' What the Hebrew is reli- 
giously to the Shemitic races, that the Celt may yet become to the 
•Japhetic races. There are some points in common between the two 
peoples. The dispersion of the Celt is very like the dispersion of the 
Jewj the religious nature of the one is akin to the religious nature 
of the other. What the Arthurian legends are to the retreat of 



*• 



CELTIC CHRISTIANITY. 127 

Ohristianity before the pagan of Saxon, the Finofalian or Ossianic 
poetry may yet become to the advanoe of Christianity upon the pagan 
Celt. 

Nothing in mission story equals the romance of the early Celtic 
churches. Other lands are covered with the ruins of castles and forts. 
Ireland and Ionia are covered with ruins of churches, shrines, and 
monasteries. In other lands Christianity was welcomed by " not many 
wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, and not many noble ; " in 
our lands and amongst our people, the gospel was welcomed by chiefs 
and nobles, by princes and kings. This is the story of missionary suc- 
cess during the fifth and sixth centuries. During the seventh and 
eighth centuries, while Europe was still confounded over the fall of the 
Roman Empire, the Scotia of Ireland and Ionia became the educa- 
tional center of the continent. " During these centuries,*' says Mr. 
Gold win Smith, " Ireland played a really great part in European his- 
tory." Speaking of the same period, Mr. Richard Green says: "The 
new religious houses looked for their ecclesiastical traditions, not to 
Rome, but to Ireland, and quoted for their guidance the instructions 
not of Gregory, but of Columba. For a time it seemed as if the 
-course of the world's history was to be changed, as if that older Celtic 
race which the Roman and German had swept before them, had turned 
to the moral conquest of their conquerors, as if Celtic and not Latin 
Christianity was to mold the destinies of the Church of the West." 
But during the ninth and tenth centuries the Norseman and the Dane 
descended on these devoted Churches, and almost annihilated them. 
The Norsemen scoured the Western shores and Ireland, the Dane the 
Eastern shores of Scotland and England, and they made a specialty of 
ravaging monasteries, churches, and shrines. One by one they fell; 
the monks of Ionia fied to Dunkeld, and the monks of Lindisfarne 
fled to Durham. Loch Maree lies in that part of Scotland recently 
made attractive to tourists by William Black's stories. It is sur- 
xounded by scenery of romantic grandeur, and its surface is begemmed 
by many an island. One is named Eileen Maree, and has upon it the 
remains of a rude chapel and an ancient graveyard. Recent investi- 
^tion has revealed that this island was the headquarters of the last 
of the Columbite saints of whom we know anything. His name was 
St Maelrubha. The indefatigable sea king, engaged in the work of 
plundering the collegiate churches of the western isles, happened 
upon the monastery of Eileen Maree, and massacred its saints. With 
this massacre history's curtain is dropped on primitive Celtic Chris- 
tianity. 



128 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

IV. Celtic Protestantism. 

When the curtain is lifted after two hundred years, we find tbe 
Culdee Church, which deserves a chapter to itself, did time permit. 
Suffice it to say that it was so utterly un-Boman that the good Queen 
Margaret labored hard to make it Koman, and succeeded to a degree. 
She was canonized for her works in behalf of the Church. She died 
at the close of the eleventh century, 1090 A.D. Her festival day is 
June 10. A liberal view of Celtic Christianity would also include at 
this point a chapter on Celtic Romanism not only in Scotland, but also 
in Ireland. This is the Bruce and Wallace period of Scottish history, 
but again time forbids anything more than a passing notice. For five 
hundred years the Church slumbered and slept in the peace of 
formalism. In the sixteenth century, John Knox blew the trumpet 
of the Reformation in Scottish ears, the Church awoke, threw ofiT its 
veneer of Catholicism, and became Presbyterian. Then followed a 
long line of heroes: Henderson, the Covenanter; Guthrie, the Remon- 
strant; Ren wick, the Cameronian ; Erskine, the Evangelist; and Chal- 
mers, the Emancipator. 

Ireland, the victim of mismanagement, could not receive the refor- 
mation at English hands, and remained Catholic until the plantation 
of Ulster. In 1626 Hugh Campbell organized a Presbyterian Church. 
The first regular Presbytery was held at Carrickfergus in 1642. 
During covenanting and killing times the Ulster brethren sufiTered 
with their Scotch brethren; ministers were ejected and conventicles 
were held on both sides of the Irish Channel. In 1840 the General 
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland was organized. 

During the seventeenth century Scottish reformers were transported 
by the shipload to Jamaica, New Jersey, and the Barbadoes. Em- 
igrants from Scotland and Ireland settled in Virginia between 1670 
and 1680. Francis Makemie, a Scotch-Irish minister of the gospel, 
organized a Presbyterian Church at Snow Hill, Maryland, in 1684. 
The Presbytery of Philadelphia was organized in 1705, and thus Cel- 
tic Protestantism began in our own loved American home. The 
genius of Celtic Protestantism is Presbyterian, and its capital is Edin- 
burg, Scotland. Its power lies in its grasp on the Celtic race, Irish, 
Scotch, and Scotch-Irish. If ever it be possible for Protestant and 
Catholic to draw near to each other,^it can be done more easily 
through the Celtic race than through any other people. The Celt 
holds in his hands the links of race which may in the future reunite 
Catholicism and Protestantism. 

The Celtic branch of the Aryan race has been neglected by the his- 



CELTIC CHRISTIANITY. 129 

torian. The dispersion of the Celt amongst the nations, and the decay 
of his language, the Gaelic, have contributed to this neglect. But the 
day of a better and fuller recognition of his services is at hand. There 
is a Celtic renai^anee in literature, and there is a Scotch-Irish Society 
that can do for Celtic Protestantism what has been done for Celtic 
Romanism by the imperial Roman Church. If this address shall help 
in any way to a deeper recognition of our debt to the Celtic people, it 
hath ful611ed that whereunto it was spoken. 
9 



ULSTER, ULSTBRMEN, AND THEIR MISSION IN 

AMERICA. 



BY JOHN A. EA880N, WABHINOTON, D. a | 

Every tribe and race of men takes delight in its historical tradi- 
tions, and in stories of the land of its origin. Our own tribe gazes 
backward until sight grows dim in the shadows of prehistoric myth 
and legend. 

The story of Ulster, the land of our Scotch-Irish fathers, is full 
of the romance and of the tragedy of history. We know that the 
province had a seminational life, in some respects apart from the 
rest of Ireland. One historian alleges that the Danes invaded 
the country as early as the years of our Lord 810 and 826, and 
on both occasions were defeated by the men of Ulster. Accord- 
ing to the ancient ^^Annals of Ulster," a king of the Scandinavian 
sea rovers landed in Erin in. the year 852, and reignod in Dublin. 
Waterford and Limerick also were ruled for a long period by Scan- 
dinavian invaders, who were finally driven out in the eleventh cen- 
tury by Brian the Conqueror; but they were a long time in Ireland, 
long enough to have left a large infusion of Scandinavian blood 
in the country. A century later another king of Norway came 
and seized the kingdom of Dublin, and made a vassal of the King 
of Connaught. But against Ulster, occupying the northern sec- 
tion of Ireland, he was not so successful. He landed on its shores 
a foraging party, which he himself followed with a small escort to 
learn their fate. He was ambushed and slain by a party of Ulster- 
men. Although the Norwegians early colonized the Hebrides and 
Orkney and Shetland Islands, and at one time occupied the islands 
of Anglesea and Man, repeatedly invaded Scotland, and seized parts 
of Ireland, Ulster seems to have better escaped their rapacity. It 
had fewer internal broils and less foreign aggression than the other 
provinces of the country. 

Wright, in his history of Ireland, says that to Ulster in the 
early times came some race of the Northmen of Europe, " perhaps 
from the shores of the Baltic," and usurped the sovereignty over 
the earlier Celtic inhabitants. He calls Ulster " the head seat of 
this Northern, or Scottish, race;" and adds that "it was in Ulster 
that the northern spirit of civilization developed itself most." 
It is related in Church traditions that Christianity in Ireland 
first took root in Ulster. It is certain that in the eighth and 
ninth centuries the fame of the scholarship of Ireland extended 
(130) 



V 



ULSTER, ULSTEBMEN, AND THEIB MISSION IN AMERICA. 131 

to the continent of Burope, and her scholars were welcome guests 
At the German courts. The savage invasions of the Scandinavians 
broke up and scattered the peaceful establishments of the ecclesias- 
tics to whom this learning was confined, and Ireland afterwards re- 
lapsed into the barbarism of internecine war. The Irish of Ulster 
in the ninth and tenth centuries fought bravely for their native in- 
dependence, won repeated victories over the invaders, and acquired 
for themselves an established reputation for valor. The historian 
records that Ulster was " for ages celebrated for the warlike char- 
acter of its population." A confirmation of its high repute for ad- 
vancement in the civilization of those warlike times, may be found 
in the fact that the daughter and heiress of a chief of U^lster was 
chosen for wife to the son of Edward III. of England. It was this 
marriage that first brought Ulster under English dominion. 

The Scotch royal family of Bruce early in the fourteenth century 
endeavored to establish a separate crown in Ireland, and by invita- 
tion of discontented Irish chiefs landed an army, and had the 
brother of Robert Bruce crowned King of Ireland. But the Eng- 
lish contestant soon expelled him. There were both Scotch and 
English settlers around Carrickfergus in the time of Queen Eliza- 
beth, and an early Scotch colony in what was known as the 
"Routes of Ulster." On one occasion Irish, Scotch, and the 
Danes of Northumberland were allies in fighting the English. 
One of the old Danish kings of Dublin had even married a daughter 
of King Constantine, of Scotland. From all these facts we must 
conclude that there was a much oldcF and greater intercourse be- 
tween Ireland on the one hand, and Scotland, England, Denmark, 
and Norway on the other, than we have usually supposed. We, all 
of us, in fact, run great risk of having strains of the blood of Dane 
and Norwegian, of Scotchman and Englishman and Celtic Irishman, 
commingled in our veins. These dangerous channels may account 
for the firm holding of the doctrine of the Kirk that we have re- 
ceived a large inheritance of original sin. There was assuredly 
plenty of it running in all these old arteries of descent. 

When Pope Adrian IV. issued his bull in the twelfth century, 
granting all Ireland to Henry II. of England, which was the origin 
of English title and conquest, the English king was not able to seize 
Ulster as he did the region about Dublin. Ulster remained inde- 
pendent under its own chiefs until the time of the royal marriage 
before mentioned, in 1361. The modern Scotch were not destined 
to get a notable foothold in Ireland until the time of James I., when 



132 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

great bodies of land in Ulster, forfeited to the crown in consequence^ 
of the rebellion of Tyrone and Tirconnell, were offered to the 
Scotch and English for colonization. Then began the repopulation 
of the North of Ireland, which stamped a new national and reli- 
gious character upon that region. A new element was greatly 
needed. The whole country had been horribly wasted by the wars, 
and by inconceivable horrors of famine which followed them. The 
new settlements brought English order and Scotch industry and 
thrift into this sad scene of waste and desolation. As early as 1638 
it was estimated that there were forty thousand Scotchmen in. 
Ulster, who were organizing against a royal attempt to force them 
into conformity with the English Church. Industry revived with 
their occupation and more orderly civilization ; and, in spite of the 
terrors and massacres 6f the frightful Irish rebellion of 1641, Ulster 
in time had so enlarged her production and manufacture, especially 
of wool and flax, as to excite English commercial jealousy and hos- 
tile legislation. This English policy ultimately so impoverished the 
intelligent and laborious Ulstermen that great numbers embarked 
with all their remaining good^ft and household gods — that is to say, 
with their religion, their courage, virtue, diligence, and thrift — for 
another wasteland; not like Ulster, desolated by the cruelty of 
man, but that richer waste which God had reserved beyond the 
ocean ibr the recuperation of the weary and oppressed of the Old 
World. Hither they came; and to-day the representati\ie8 of their 
descendants assembled in Des Moines thank God that their ances- 
tors did come, and that they have fVom the beginning done such 
heroic work to make the American waste blossom with the roses 
of prosperity, and have also starred the pages of American history^ 
with their brilliant deeds of patriotic devotion and valor. 

I. A Scotch-Irish Pedigree. 

In the investigation of my own hereditary right to be a member 
of this body of the elect, I found with great satisfaction that my 
first ancestor in America had come from a district in Ireland very 
early colonized by the Scotch, from a village in County Antrim, near 
Carrickfergus, and on that part of the shores of Ulster which was 
first touched by the Presbyterian wind of Scotland as it blew fVom 
the East to the land of Erin. He migrated from Belfast, or Carrick- 
fergus, with his family, disembarked at Boston, and in the year 1722^ 
the records show him the owner of a considerable body of land on 
both sides of the present boundary between the States of Rhode Is- 



ULSTEB, ULSTEBMENy AND THEIB MISSION IN AMEBICA. 133 

land and Connecticut, near Yolantown. Ab a prognostic of the in- 
tention of Providence to make him the founder of a new family of 
Scotch-Irish saints in the New World, he had been baptized Adam. 
And Adam had begotten James in 1714, before leaving Ireland; and 
James, whose first wife bore the Scotch name of Esther Duncan, 
begat another Adam in 1763; and this Adam, who married a de- 
scendant of that John Steele who founded Hartford and the colony 
of Connecticut, begat a son named John Steele, in 1789; and this 
John Steele, after reaching a ripe maturity, begat the son named 
John Adam, who is now harking back to his ancestral ties. The 
first Adam in America promptly proceeded with his neighbors, in 
1723, to organize the " Firet Presbyterian Church " at Voluntown, 
of which he afterwards became deacon and his sons members. 
Other Ulster families seem to have gathered about them. 

From 1718 to 1728, as you know, owing to popular dissatisfac- 
tion with English rule and hard times, the Ulstermen migrated by 
shiploads. One hundred and twenty families sailed from Ulster at 
one time, and landed in Boston in 1718. An English clergyman 
wrote to his government in 1728 that seven ships were then lying in 
Belfast Bay which would carry away one thousand emigrants; ^hat 
thirty-one hundred had sailed the previous year, and, forty-two hun- 
dred in three years. They were industrious Protestants, and many 
of them small manufacturers, whose home enterprises were ruined 
by the hostile policy of London statesmanship. Even ten years of 
this migration would have planted a fructiferous seed in New En- 
gland and other colonies, which would of itself account for a numer- 
ous population of Scotch-Irish in the present century. Scotch 
Presbyterians, you know, were devout readers and believers in the 
Old Testament. A chapter of Moses was more easily understood 
by them than a chapter of St. John. They often read the Mosaic 
•command, ^' Be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth ; " and 
they obeyed it with cheerful alacrity. The usual multiplication 
figure of my ancestral family was about eight. But the more zeal- 
ous raised it to ten, eleven, twelve; and one of them, also named 
Adam, was so anxious to reduce among his children the average of 
their inheritance of original sin that he increased the fruitful mul- 
tiple to fourteen. Such scriptural obedience as this would rapidly 
build up both Kirk and State in a new country. A search of old 
<!!hurch records in New England would doubtless disclose a larger 
element of Scotch-Irish among the Puritans, and a larger number 
of Scotch-Irish from that section in the War of the Revolution, than 



134 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

has hitherto been suspected. I find that some of my ancestral 
stock were in the war of 1756, and again in the war of American 
independence. Among them, Archibald Easson was colonel of a 
Connecticut regiment throughout the Eevolutionaiy War, and was 
honored with a brigadier general's commission at its close. 

But all this is an unnecessary preface to what I really wish to 
say on this occasion. 

II. Hebeditabt Leadership. 

Gentlemen of the Society, your Association has everywhere found 
approval of its useful work. You are reviving memories and tra- 
ditions of times of ancestral adversity and trial, when great quali- 
ties of soul and grand principles of civilization were displayed and 
developed. In periods of ease and prosperity such souls are apt to 
languish, and their principles to grow dim in obscurity. Great men 
come forth and exhibit grandeur of character in crises of oppression, 
of personal danger, and of bitter antagonisms of principle. If the 
occasion does not make the man great, it opens a sphere for the de- 
velopment of his greatness. The born leader then comes out of 
his hiding. He interprets the thoughts and convictions of the 
people, who become inspired with the grandeur of their own 
beliefs as he reveals them. This more than magnetic relation be- 
tween leader and follower makes them altogether persistent in 
effort, constant in faith, full of courage, and of the inspirations of 
great souls which impel to great deeds. The great occasion is 
sometimes found in the threats of a government against a principle 
of personal freedom, sometimes when a cherished civil right is en- 
dangered, sometimes when the patriotism and pride of a nation are 
wounded to the marrow by some treacherous surrender of its rights 
or its honor, and sometimes when the peopie*s religion is attacked 
at a vital point. The occasion most powerful of all in the develop- 
ment of the highest forces of the human character is that which 
puts in issue both the right to worship God according to personal 
conscience and the rights of civil liberty. In such a contest men 
have counted their lives for naught and poured out their blood like 
water. The bright names which became illustrious on the side of 
freedom in such wars illuminate the firmament of history as the 
stars glorify the firmament above us. 

In the vital contests which involved these great rights of the 
common man, the ancestors from whom our Scotch-Irish de- 
scend have made their nice conspicuous for its devotion to the^ 



ULSTEB^ ULSTEBMEN, AND THEIB MISSION IN AMEBIOA. 135 

principles of religious and civil freedom. The Scotch in Ireland, 
Qhlike their predecessors in Scotland, after gaining religious 
freedom for themselves, did not deny it to others. Their energy, 
their faith, their valor, and their self-sacrifice have often been glow- 
ingly portrayed before the members of this Society. They have 
marched to the front in great emergencies of civilization. Their 
fathers fought vehemently against the destruction of their Scotch 
nationality. They have valiantly contended for hereditary liberty. 
They have stubbornly resisted the encroachments of tyrannical 
prelates of the Churc*h, whether commissioned from Borne or from 
London. The gaudy robes of royalty or of ecclesiasticism had 
neither charms nor terrors for them. They acknowledged no sub- 
jection except to what they conceived to be truth and virtue, how- 
ever plainly clad. For these they entered the field of combat with 
a courage which has won the admiration of history. 

We Americans care little or nothing for the stories of the 
wars of mere conquest among the robbers of ancient and me- 
disoval times, whether styled Grecian democracies, or kings, 
or emperors. But if our eyes fall upon a page which tells the 
story of a struggle that involved a principle of human liberty, of 
rights of conscience, of progressive civilization, we pause and read 
it with mind attentive and heart aglow. When we come to the 
names of Wyclif and Huss, of Wallace and Bruce, of Luther and 
Knox, of Hampden and Cromwell, our attention is arrested. Here 
is something fundamentally connected with the progress of the 
common man toward a higher plane of faith, of truth, of liberty, 
and of power. Then England and Bohemia, Germany, Holland, 
France, Switzerland, remote Scotland, and even Ulster, become the 
varied scenes of a human drama which concerns us, whose several 
acts are tragedies, and in which the blood of its heroes was shed 
for us. In the later acts of this succession of tragedies the Scotch- 
Irish took part for truth and liberty, and the modern principles of 
civilization. For this their names and deeds deserve the commem- 
oration of history. Their eulogies cannot be too often heard in 
this Society. So long as the principles for which they struggled 
underlie the civilization of our American republic, so long should 
their virtues be rehearsed for the inspiration of living patriots, and 
for the instruction of posterity. 

It ought to be known more widely than it now is that the ftin- 
damental doctrine of our American Declaration of Independence — 
that kings are responsible not to God alone, but also to their sub- 



J 



136 THE SCOTOH-IBISH IK AHEBIOA. 

jects, and may for oause be overthrown by their subjects — came 
from Scotland, and from a Scotchman. Although Jefferson's pen 
wrote it in 1776, he probably derived it from the " Social Compact" 
of Eousseau, published about 1760. Eousseau may have borrowed 
it from Locke, who printed it about 1690. Locke may have taken 
it from the brave Netherlanders, who founded their glorious Dutch 
republic upon the like declaration in 1581. But in 1579, two yeara 
before the Dutch Declaration of Independence, George Buchanan 
published at Edinburg, and in Latin, then the common language 
of European scholars, his work entitled "i)e Jure Regniy He had 
traveled much and passed several years on the continent. Though 
then a professor of the religion of Rome, he had been arrested and 
imprisoned in Portugal because of the bold liberality of his opinions. 
He had been tutor to several famous men, including the Earl of 
Murray, natural son of James V., and afterwards Regent of Scot- 
land, and the famous Montaigne of France. On his return from the 
Continent he became Protestant, and, though a layman, was once 
elected Moderator of the Presbyterian Assembly, and was appointed 
tutor to James VI. of Scotland, afterwards King of England. Hie 
scholarship and elegant Latinity gave him an European reputation. 
In the celebrated work above mentioned he distinctly declared and 
defended the principle of the responsibility of monarchs to their 
subjects. This he did during the reign of the arbitrary Elizabeth 
of England. Buchanan boldly declared that it was the duty of a 
king to deal justly with his subjects. If he were guilty of oppres- 
sion, his rights were forfeited, and his subjects freed from their alle- 
giance. If he wore a tyrant, they might even put him to death. 
Such was his doctrine. Two hundred years later the doctrine set 
forth by him became incorporated among the principles of mod- 
ern civilization, and upon it our own independence was founded. 
Its author, though famous as scholar, poet, and historian, died 
in pov\>rty, and the city of Edinburg paid the expenses of 
his burial. Let his fame be preserved among the treasures of our 

race. 

Brother Irishmen of Scotch descent, who shall deny our right to 
speak for the principles of American liberty? Not only did our 
ancestors pour out life and treasure freely for it in the Revolution, 
but from our ancestral stock came forth the great doctrine of mod- 
ern civilization upon which our historic Declaration of rights was 
by our fathers justified to the conscience of mankind. 



ULSTER, UL8TERMEN, AND THEIR MISSION IN AMERICA. 137 

III. Duties of Sootch-Irishmen in America. 

But, gentlemen, at this Congress, held in the fair city of my own 
citizenship, 1 venture to ask your attention to some questions of 
permanent importance in America, to which the strong forces of 
the Scotch-Irish character may be directed for the benefit and se- 
curity of our common country. The second article of your Consti- 
tution declares that one of the objects of this Association is ^^the 
promotion of intelligent patriotism." This wise provision opens a 
great field of usefulness before your Society. It invites reflection 
and discussion upon every danger which threatens the cherished 
institutions of our country. Throughout the varying course of our 
future history it enables the trained and active intellects among 
you to enrich your records with contributions wh'ich will enlighten 
public sentiment upon any of the great questions which concern 
our social and national advancement. You are not confined to eu- 
logies of the past. The whole present and future of the country is 
open to your consideration. 

The principles of personal liberty, and the rights of personal 
conscience, which the Scotch-Irishman inherits with the blood of 
his race, endow him richly for citizenship in our great republic. 
They make him strong, not only for an aggressive fight for the es- 
tablishment of these principles, but also for a powerful resistance 
where any attempt, civil or religious, is made for their overthrow. 
His Irish cradle was rocked in the commotion of such a contest. 
His courage born of conviction, his tenacity of purpose, his general 
intelligence, his faculty for labor, his readiness for a contest of rea- 
son against tradition — ^all these qualities constitute him a valuable 
leader, or colaborer, in any cause to which he adheres. 

IV. Separate Spheres for Church and State. 

The TJlsterman in America may, by hereditary right, charge 
himself with the defense of the principle of complete separation of 
the spheres of Church and State. It is popularly supposed that 
this was irrevocably done by the terms of our national Constitution. 
That is a mistake. The original Constitution was silent on the sub- 
ject, for there had been colonial " establishments of religion " which 
might have raised troublesome questions. The first amendment to 
our Constitution, however, provided that '^Congress shall make no 
law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free 
-exercise thereof* It is not, you will observe, on the one hand a 
prohibition of Congress against appropriating money in aid of any 



138 THE BCOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

Churches or sectarian institutions; nor, on the other, against the- 
right of any State in the Union to make laws even '< respecting the 
establishment of reh'gion." The question in America, therefore, is 
not dead. I have myself known and voted for appropriations by 
Congress in aid of special institutions under Church control, and I 
have witnessed the jealousies created by it. If Utah had been ad- 
mitted as a State, we should probably have seen the fatal union of 
ecclesiastical and political power there as we did see it in the Terri- 
tory. Modem civilization has not yet witnessed the extinction of 
the fires always kindled by that union. It has at all times been a 
serpent of civil discord, and the agent of oppression and persecution 
which lawlessly styled itself Christianity. It still lives in the 
world, and retards the emancipation and progress of the human 
race, and of Christianity itself. It is now in full operation in two 
empires. It is in partial operation in many nations of Europe, 
Latin and Protestant, whose emigrants to this country need to be 
educated here in that higher principle which is advantageous alike 
to the State and to Christianity. In our populous cities, and in dis- 
tricts largely occupied by foreigners, we have already seen the ques- 
tion revived in all its vigor in respect to appropriations of public 
money in aid of private or sectarian schools, and of other Church 
institutions. All this ought to be barred in advance by constitu- 
tional law. It must not be treated as a proposition aimed at any 
Church. It is a question of political principle, and of national 
peace. Political passions are already sufficiently aroused in our 
elections without adding to them the more violent passions inspired 
by religious zeal. The Church needs nothing from the State except 
freedom and protection for its religious functions. The State, on 
the other hand, needs nothing from the Church except the patriotic 
allegiance of its members, and its promotion of piety and good 
morals among the people. Whenever, in all the years of history, 
the union of Church and State has existed by closer bonds than 
these, persecution, dissension, disloyalty, disorder, and often rebel- 
lion and war, have been the sequences of the union. The Church 
has then leaned on the State, and become a legal machine used by 
the government for political purposes, from which the vitality of 
Christianity in large degree departed. The violence of the Church, 
robbed of its lovely and peaceful character, made it the agent of 
tyranny and of physical force. History will never forget, and ought 
never to forget, how long the wedding of the kingdom of this world 
with the kingdom which is not of this world maintained tyranny^ 



UL8TBB, ULSTERMEN, AND THEIR MISSION IN AMERICA. 139 

on the thrones of Europe, promoted persecutions from the altars of 
the Churoh, and kept liberty and the people in chains. It hafr 
caused more outrages on humanity, and more retarded civilization, 
than did all the wars of the Bepublic and Empire of Eome in & 
thousand years. 

The famous Peace of Westphalia in 1648 settled the point that 
there should be no union between the States of Northern Europe 
and the Church of Rome. But it did not discourage the union of 
the State with the Protestant Church. The time was not yet ripe- 
for a complete and equal religious toleration. A nation of the fu- 
ture was to be bom beyond the Atlantic and to be occupied by the 
victims of religious persecution before the beneficent principle of a 
total separation of the temporal from the spiritual power, of eccle- 
siastical force from physical force, should be illustrated on so grand 
a scale as to command the admiration of the world. Since then all 
Europe, save one empire, has moved in that direction, although at 
a slow pace. Nor would there be need now to reawaken public 
attention to the subject in our own country were it not for the pro- 
digious and alarming influx of foreign influences and elements 
among us, which have never learned the value of this vital princi* 
pie of our American peace and liberty. 

V. Free Puhlic Schools the Life of Our Eepurlio. 

There is another fundamental principle of our American Eepub- 
lie, to the enforcement of which all the hereditary vigor of our race 
shoultt be directed. It is the conduct of the system of public in- 
struction by the State, free from all ecclesiastical control or inter- 
ference. It is the admitted duty of the State to provide means for 
instruction to all its children, sufficient to qualify them for an intel* 
ligent citizenship. Where the people rule they must posess suffi- 
cient intelligence and morality to rule well, or the government 
perishes. They must be taught that unqualified loyalty to their 
government and to their own country is a virtue, its absence a vice; 
and that patriotism itself is true religion applied to the State. 
There are private schools, and sectarian schools, and the very liber- 
ty which we cherish requires us to allow their existence. The 
right of the parent to guide his child and direct his education is 
older than either State or Church. It is his right divine, inalien- 
able, and indicated by the law of nature. But where he cannot or 
will not exercise his right and qualify his child for citizenship, the 
State has a right to either command it, or else reftise the citizen- 



140 THE SOOTCH-IBISH IN AMERIOA. 

ship. This principle will hardly be disputed except by those who 
prefer ignorance and slavery to intelligence and independence. 

Although the State may not prohibit the parent's choice of sec- 
tarian schools, it is always to be regretted when boys are not per- 
mitted, at least during several years of their youth, to attend the 
courses of the public school. Boys of all varieties of religious 
training there mingle together without religious discussion or rival- 
ry, learn to esteem each other without religious prejudice, and 
i^ome times form with those of different faith personal ties which 
last a lifetime. The public schools are schools of religious tolera- 
tion. They promote good fellowship among the future citizens of 
the republic. Above all, the richer and the poorer classes learn in 
these schools to understand and respect each other. 

Three hundred years ago, popular instruction was established by 
law in the small Dutch provilice of Zealand, and education was 
there declared to be " the foundation of the commonwealth." About 
the same time Charles of Nassau, of the famous family of statot- 
men, wrote to his brother governing Friesland urging the estab- . 
lishment of " Free schools, where the children of quality as well as 
of poor families, for a very small ^um, could be well and Chris- 
tianly educated and trained. This would be the greatest and most 
useful work and the highest service that you could ever accom- 
plish for God and Christianity, and especially for the Netherlands 
themselves." (Motley, "Netherlands," III., p. 119.) 

The Protestant Netherlands adopted that principle. Their ex- 
perience demonstrated that alliances were inconstant, treaties 
were broken; but their public and common education was perpetu- 
ated, and so well knit the nation together that they ultimately tri- 
umphed over all their combined and powerful foes, secured their 
independence, and made for their small country a place in history 
unsurpassed in glory by any nation on the earth. They gave to 
the world some of its greatest scholars and lawgivers, and an im- 
pulse to civilization with whose compelling force the world still 
throbs. So in our common schools the whole mass of youthful 
citizenship is elevated in degrees proportioned to its capacity, but 
all with a common sentiment of devoted allegiance to their country. 
The more highly gifted by nature pass to higher schools, and thence 
to their private occupations, or to the public service as writers, 
philosophers, priests or pastors, philanthropists or statesmen, 
according to their endowments and their opportunities of develop- 
ment. But into whatever department of human endeavor they 



ULSTER, ULSTEBMEN, AND THEIB MISSION IN AMEBIOA. 141 

enter, they carry with them that knowledge of the emotions and 
aspirations of a common humanity which is acquired by the gener. 
al contact and experience of the public school. This quality is 
wanting in sectarian instruction. Education there is on narrower 
lines. Human sympathy is restricted. A certain pride of ecclesL 
astical segregation is developed, which looks down upon the masses 
outside of the chosen fold. This narrower cultivation of the human 
intellect and heart cannot well prepare the man for that broad and 
universally sympathetic statesmanship, or citizenship, which seeks 
the good of all, and tends to weld them into a powerful and patri- 
otic unity. Intelligence, loyalty, and patriotism under a free gov- 
ernment give force to Christianity itself. They should never for a 
moment be considered as opposed to religion. Yet the withdrawal 
of our youth from the nationalizing influence of the State schools 
implies a distrust of the State; and that in turn implies a silent 
hostility to it. 

I do not speak here so much of the training of the daughters of 
the country. Distinction of sex involves distinction of duties. 
But the masculine youth of the country must be prepared to be- 
come the leaders, governors, and pillars of our glorious common- 
wealth. They must be broadly and liberally educated for that des- 
tiny, untrammeled by narrow prejudices. They must be taught 
respect for all Christian organizations, but political obedience to 
none. 

There are signs most welcome to the patriot that this sentiment 
is growing in all Church organizations which have been hitherto 
recognized as its opponents. The strength of our country lies in 
its substantial unity touching the religious and civil rights of the 
people, and their freedom of individual action within the bounds of 
law. Every system of instruction which tends to alienate the peo- 
ple from this unity is hostile to the republic, because it plants the 
seed of popular discord. A Chinese or Polish school, an Italian, 
German, or Swedish school in America is not an American school. 
It is a method for the perpetuation of foreign ideas and influences 
in the midst of our national institutions, and as such is to be con- 
demned. 

VI. Citizenship and Naturalization. 

In view of the vast aggregation of alien peoples in our land in 
recent years it would have been a wise regulation had our fathers 
provided for a training of youthful immigrants for at least three 
years in our American public schools, and for men a knowledge of 



142 THE SOOTOH-IBISH IK AMEBICA. 

our language, before admission to the full rights of citizens. Our 
reckless disregard of the prerequisites of good citizenship in aliens 
is a stain upon our national dignity and self-respect. We plant 
the tree of American citizenship by the roadside, where every 
ignorant and vicious tramp may pluck and destroy its fruits. In 
■our cities we have seen it bought with the money of corruption, and 
secured by deceit and perjury. We feel a thrill of sympathy with 
that noble Hebrew who proudly boasted that he was '^ born a 
Eoman citizen.'^ To be an American citizen represents a fc>till loftier 
right, and a privilege beyond all that can be conferred by a title of 
Aristocracy. Yet we who are born American citizens have seen 
bribery and fraud debase this privilege even in the courts author- 
ized by law to confer it; and judges have winked at it. The law 
requires the court to be satisfied of the existence of certain pre- 
requisite qualifications in the applicant; his "good moral charac- 
ter," and his " attachment to the principles of the Constitution of 
the United States," and that he is " well disposed to the good order 
and happiness of the same." These are the words of the statute 
Yet we all know how these provisions are ignored and held for 
naught. Under the guidance of a purse-holder of the party befoi^ 
election day the vicious pass the gate of citizenship as easily as the 
virtuous, the idle pauper as unquestioned as the thrifty working- 
man, the letterless man fresh from the instincts and habits of a 
kingly government, who knows neither the language nor a single 
principle of our Constitution, as freely as a Lafayette or a Kossuth. 
The disorderly rioter and bomb-thrower from the purlieus of Lon- 
don, Paris, or Madrid enters as easily as an upright German, a 
sober Scandinavian, a religious and laborious Irishman, or a patri- 
otic and intelligent Scotchman. Who can deny that these things 
debase our citizenship and tend to bring contempt upon it. It be- 
comes a bone thrown into the streets, to be seized by any homeless 
dog that passes that way. Our judiciary, charged with the admin- 
istration of this law, sleep over the volcanic fires for which it ac 
cumulates the fuel, and which will ultimately overthrow justice it- 
self by their own judicial increase of the disorderly forces of our 
country. It has already overthrown justice in one Eastern me- 
tropolis, where it was only restored by a nonpartisan rebellion of 
American sentiment. You, gentlemen, in every State from which 
jrou come, should put your whole energy to the patriotic work of 
purifying this muddy fountain. It may be done by a strict judicial 
.administration of the law according to its original intent, or still 



UL8TEB, ULSTERMEN, AND THEIB MISSION IN AMERICA. 143 

more effectually by an amendment of the law which shall better 
signify the honor and value which shall be attached to the citizen- 
ship of our republic. We have fondly declared this nation to be 
the hope and the light of the world. For a hundred years that 
light has cast its bright beams across the two oceans which bound 
our continent, guiding many mariners on life*s weary voyage to 
our safe haven of refuge and prosperity. But the same briUiant 
beams which once attracted the soaring eagles of intellect, the dili- 
gent wrens of activity and domestic peace, the friendly birds which 

' destroy the pests of nature, and the singing flocks that lighten 
labor with songs of happiness, have in later years also attracted 
myriads of moths and pestiferous insects and birds of ill omen, which 
now darken this light of a troubled world. The sparrows that 
love the wrangle of the streets and combine to expel from nesting 
privileges all the freer and happier birds of the continent; the noisy 
jays that shriek their di.scords into all the orderly harmonies of so- 
ciety; the cuckoos that seek the nests built by another's toil, rather 
than build fdr themselves; the crows that feed in the slaughter yards 
of crime; the vultures that prefer the carrion of anarchy — all these 
have in the last two decades followed the older flights of immigra- 
tion and winged their noisy way hither across the sea. Their mere 
presence among us is not the worst of the evil. They gradually 
debauch the independence and courage of American statesmanship. 
They teach your representatives in high places to be cowards when- 
ever the enlightened opinions of the American people are not also 
supported by the sparrows, the crows, and even by the vultures 
who have stolen in among the voters. They tremble when the 
crankery of ignorance rises to the surface. They fear it more than 
they fear the honest masses of our people. American manhood 

' makes a sorry figure in office, or while seeking office, when it loses 
the courage of its own convictions. It is for you to teach them 
that sensible men in this republic are in the majority, and that the 
politician must choose between them on the one hand, and the dis- 
orderly and the cranks on the other. In a free country the war of 
opinions is always waged. Common sense and intelligence in the 
long run win against the theories of ignorance and folly. But com- 
mon sense and intelligence cannot win by playing the coward's 
part, or by voting for the cowards. They must come to the forefront 
of the marching column that carries the banner of true civilization. 
Battles are won by the brave, not by the timid and vacillating. That 
is the lesson conspicuously taught by our forefathers. They willing- 



144 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

\y banded themeelves together in a " Covenant " to stand resolutely 
against their enemies in the field, whether Spaniards threatening to 
overwhelm Great Britain with their armada, or English under 
Charles I. threatening to force their consciences by a hated litur- 
gy. For a hundred years they fought against religious and civil 
tyranny, until the objects of their covenant were secured. Eight 
well did Charles, ten years before he was beheaded, write to Went- 
worth in Ireland: "The Scots' covenant begins to spread too far." 
Ulstermen were in it. He felt its restraining force on his arbitrary 
will in both Scotland and Ireland. It was a bond of liberty to re- 
sist the bondage of oppression. 

VII. The New Foreign Invasion. 

Gentlemen of the Society, there is need among us to-day of a 
new " covenant; " not of Scotch-Irish alone, but of Scotch and 
Irish and English, of Scandinavian and German, and of all true 
American citizens who love the regulated liberty which we received 
from our fathers. 

We have had in late years, instead of the customary immigra^ 
tion which our fathers knew, an unprecedented foreign invasion. 
The former came because it admired and wished to enjoy our 
American rights, and the orderly development of our institutions; 
the latter has come to make venal profit out of them, and to sub- 
stitute for them the habits and rebellious dissatisfaction acquired 
under foreign training. Before this invasion every individual 
man among us, whether native or naturalized citizen, had the right 
to work when he pleased, where be pleased, and for whom he 
pleased, and to accumulate bis savings. He was an independent 
man, and respected the manhood of others. The laborer among us 
had enjoyed this personal independence in our country for a hun- 
dred years under the security afforded to him by our equal laws. 
The English distinction of " masses " and " classes " was unknown 
on this side of the Atlantic. The world noelsewhere exhibited a 
laborer so self-respecting and so respected and so thrifty as the 
American. He often held public offices, and administered them 
patriotically. He formed his political opinions by common sense, 
and by daylight. He did not at night, with his nightgown on, 
dream a financial system for the great republic, and then march 
with a thousand tramps at his heels to present it at the Capitol at 
midday, with " boots on." He did not invent a new religion of " in- 
carnation" to put a luster on his dream, nor advocate "good 



ULSTEB, ULSTEBMEN, AND THEIB MISSION IN AMEBICA. 145 

roads " by floating lazily down rivers in flatboats furnished by chari- 
ty. The American workman kept step with the civilization of his 
time, and marched with head erect,, calling no man master. 

But all this has been changed. The present spirit and usages of 
the self-styled representatives of labor were unknown to the preced- 
ing generation. The law-abiding American laborer is no longer on 
top. His ambition was to have a house of his own, and to so edu- 
cate his children that they could easily take the road to a higher 
position than the father enjoyed. The progress of the family was 
his object, and that meant the progress of the country. He gave 
hostages to the fortune of the nation, and his patriotic desires went 
forth for the prosperity of all the people. He labored for his 
country as well as for himself, and upon occasion he fought for it 
like other patriots. The recent invaders are of different temper. 
They are not seeking the country to help it, nor making homes to 
build it up. They come to exploit it. Scores of thousands have no 
family ties, build no habitations, never assimilate themselves to our in- 
stitutions or national habits, protest against our laws, form societies 
to preserve their foreign speech and habitp, and refuse all honest alle- 
giance to our institutions. They seek advantage for themselves 
alone, and do not even profess a regard for the interests of othera. 
They form mobs to drive other workmen out of mine and factory, 
from railroad and workshop; and do not scruple to forcibly suspend 
all work and travel and transportation of the utmost importance to 
the general public, to accomplish their peraonal ends. They de- 
nounce Presidents, Governors, Judges, Leginlators, journals, and 
citizens who condemn their lawlessness. They alone of all our 
people seek to make a virtue of organized violence against all nat- 
ural laws of trade, as well as the laws of the land. Their mouths 
are full of calumny and opprobrious epithets against all authority^ 
and all persons and interests which are opposed to their own. The 
open forum of candid argument is ignored by them. They shut 
themselves up with their own prejudices, and hold themselves aloof 
from the public and common meeting place where all our great 
American interests are discussed. They act and talk and threaten, 
as if they were still subjects of some European despotism. They 
refuse the fair, open and public discussion which belong to our free 
system of government. They seek to divide us into classes and 
sections mutually jealous and hostile to each other. Wide indeed is 
their divergence, and alarmingly serious is their departure from the 
10 



146 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

vital principles of our American independence, as taught by every 
great American from Washington to Grant. 

Since this invasion various little kingdoms have been set up 
among the invadei*8, where taxes are levied on their subjects, and 
much of their individual savings appropriated by their governing 
councils. Their officers claim the right to bid their pubjects work 
or be idle at their royal pleasure. Most shameful of all, in the light 
of our boasted freedom, they are not content with ordering their 
own subjects to bo idle. They deny the privilege of labor to citi- 
zens who do not acknowledge their sovereignty, nor join their 
bands, nor pay their taxes. When they, of their own will, combine 
together for their own interest and choose to be idle, it is within 
their liberty of choice, and no violation of law. But when they or-, 
der free American citizens, who wish to labor, to be idle also, they 
imitate the worst of European despots. If our fellow-citizens re. 
fuse obedience to their orders, the invaders organize their followers 
•into mobs and forcibly drag them from their work, and rob them 
of their right to earn wages. They beat, wound, maim, and even 
kill the American laborer whose only offense is a desire to earn his 
bread in liberty. They assail public officers who enforce the law, 
and they resist all its processes. They have even seized properties 
and estates to which they had no claim, applied the torch of the 
incendiary, have blown up bridges as in war, and have suspended 
interstate commerce at their own will, like the robber barons of 
mediaeval times. They deny the lawful and constitutional rights of 
both owner and laborer to enjoy their own. The great revolution- 
ary struggles of the world which are consecrated in history have 
been waged for the establishment and security of these very rights 
of individuals which these invaders boldly seek to destroy among 
us. For denying such personal liberties kings have been beheaded 
by an indignant people. There will by and by be an end of 
American patience. This personal liberty of self control, and con- 
trol of one's own propery and wages, which this invading force has 
repeatedly and continuously attacked, is one of our fundamental 
liberties as American citizens. It is given by nature, confirmed by 
God, and guaranteed by our laws. It has every sanction known to 
man. Our regular legislatures have not the power to do, nor would 
they dare to do, what these little kings and their associates are do- 
ing. Were the State or national government to attempt such violent 
action, all honest citizens would rise against it. Are greater powers 
than our people have dared to intrust to their lawful government 



ULSTER, ULSTERMEN, AND THEIR MISSION 'IN AMERICA. 147 

to be exercised by Becret and irresponsible organizations? If so, 
anarchy is already established among us, and our constitutional se- 
<juritie8 are worthless. 

No one who has observed the course of social history in certain 
States of the Union during the last ten weeks — to say nothing of 
the last ten years — can fail to acknowledge that these invaders are 
sapping the citadel of our liberties and laws at the vital point which 
protect^ our right to labor and to the fruits of our toil. It ia not 
the labor organizations of patriotic men acting in honest allegiance 
to our laws of which I am speaking, or which arouse our apprehen- 
sions. They know that our free institutions are based upon a com- 
promise of special interests, wherein the interest of all takes pre- 
cedence of the local and particular interest of a part. They respect 
good order and law as vital to American citizenship. Arbitration 
of disputes is welcomed among all who love justice. They know 
that no human legislation can make human life one long holiday. 
A self-protective organization among such American citizens, based 
on the American principle of individual right to labor and to fair 
wages, would to-day be welcomed throughout the nation. A half 
million men so organized would restore the dignity of labor, and 
would to-day find steady employment in the best fields of toil, and 
at the highest rates of compensation. With them patriotism and 
labor would no longer be enemies. They would again be allies as 
our fathers knew them, and would move forward with equal step in 
the grand march of American civilization. 

But the loss of personal independence in the laborer is not only 
a misfortune to the individual. It is a loss to the country. The in- 
dependence of citizenship suffers a degradation. Athens and Spar- 
ta, all democratic Greece, and the Koman Eepublic, Venice, Flor- 
ence, Genoa, Switzerland, all republics of ancient and modern 
times became famous and perpetuated themselves only so long as 
their citizens maintained this proud equality of personal independ- 
ence. The abandonment of self-control by one man to another 
man, or by one set of men to another set of men, is in fact a re- 
introduction of slavery in our country, and is a sacrifice of moral 
force in the nation at large. 

Assuredly we need a new " Covenant," not to acquire new rights, 
but to defend those we already have by constitution and law. Into 
this covenant, unlike that of the old Scotchmen, bishops and coni^e- 
crated priests may e»»ter, and ministers and laymen of all Churches 
and all Christian orders. For Christianity means social order, obe- 



148 THE SC0TCH.IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

dience to law, and peace among men. Into it may also come alt 
patriotic citizens of all political partieH, creeds, and nationalities. 
Its open object would be to restore the people's rights which have 
been torn from them or grievously impaired by this invasion of the^ 
worst usages of Europe, which are interrupting our prosperity and 
distracting our peace, as Ireland centuries ago was distracted by 
foreign invasions. They are imposing institutions and lawless hab- 
its upon us which are utterly alien to our own. They and substi- 
tuting violence for written law, their own will for the judgment of 
lawful courts. The evil must be suppressed by all the lawful 
forces of the country, or it will certainly breed greater civil discord 
and bloodshed in the future. 

None know better than our Scotch-Irishmen that man is bom ta 
toil, and that thrift comes from faithful labor. Few, if any, among 
us can remember a childhood ^fed with a silver spoon. We know 
by experience that no legislation by autocratic power, paternal 
government, or popular legislature can convert the laborer's life 
into an ideal life of leisure. We know that prosperity or comfort 
can come to the masses of men only by the persistent toil and 
economies of the individual. It never comes by loud denunciation 
of the prosperous. It cannot come by the noisy declaration of radi- 
cal theories of a new organization of society, without God in it or a 
conscience; nor through the overthrow of existing institutions by 
dynamite. It certainly will not come by annihilating the historic 
freedom and independence of the American laborer. 

I beg your pardon, gentlemen of the Society, for interrupting 
with these more serious questions the eulogistic and happy reminis- 
cences which are always welcome to you. But I hope you will ex- 
cuse this appeal to your << intelligent patriotism." The patriotic 
seed may be sown by your Society, if you will — sown broad- 
cast from ocean to ocean, from the pulpit and the bar, and the 
bench of justice; from the legislative hall, by the public journals, 
and from the popular tribune. The Scotch-Irish are active in aU 
these departments of public life and opinion. You may in time 
grow weary over long-continued reminiscences of Scotch-Irish his- 
tory ; but over a present duty, inspired alike by religion and patri- 
otism, the true descendants of Ulstermen can never grow weary. 
The call to duty is as welcome to them as were the distant notea 
of Havelock's bagpipes to the listening maid of Lucknow. Happi- 
ly for our country, the number of these who love our inherited in- 
stitutions is far greater than the number of those who seek to sup- 



ULSTEH, UL8TEBMEN9 AND THEIB MISSION IN AMERICA. 149 

press them. The time seems near when there must be only two 
parties in this country: the party of Order and the party of Disor- 
der. The line cannot be drawn too quickly. So soon as wise and 
honest citizens appreciate the real need, and the power, of wise and 
honest voting, so soon will this peril of the country disappear. 
Politicians have nourished it for their own ambitious ends. They 
must be taught by the count of ballots that sensible and law-abid- 
ing voters are greater in number, and are far more to be feared, 
than are all the combinations of the lawless. Then will the great 
Eepublic rise from her sleep, as the lion wakes in the morning and 
shakes from his mane the dew of the night, and will present herself 
in all her former glory to the admiration of mankind* 



WHAT AMERICA HAS DONE FOR ULSTBRMEN. 

BY DB. JOHN 8. MACINTOSH, OF PHILADELPHIA. 



Mr, President^ Ladies and Gentlemen : As that superb and splendid 
tide of oratory, of thought, of philosophical observation and intense 
patriotism rolled along its deep tide of suggestion and inspiration, I felt 
as if I were standing once more on that bold headland that juts out 
beyond the old castle Dunluce, and fronts three thousand miles of 
glorious sea, for I ielt that we were being carried up to the heights 
of observation, out from which there spread great leagues of earnest 
struggle, and whereon there come to us great stimulating blasts from 
the fresh sea that make us strong and nerve us for a new day of perhaps 
not far-distant struggle. And I cannot conceive of anything more ap- 
propriate to the Ulsterman's Saturday night of earnest, thoughtful medi- 
tation than that solemn summons of our great, statesmanlike, diplo- 
matic friend, given to us as an inspiration as we draw near the closing 
hours of this meeting of our Congress. As we listened this morning 
to the remarks of our honorable, scholarly friend, Dr. Magoon, who, 
by the way, seemed to resent a little the way in which he had been in- 
troduced at that large civic reception in London, as Dr. Magoon, of 
Ireland, I am reminded just as I think of what a dear friend of Dr. 
Hall and myself. Dr. Magee, one of the choicest spirits of old Ireland, 
one time told us. He told us he had been traveling down in the 
mountains of Kerry. On the opposite side of the car were sitting 
two typical Irishmen, and they were discussing what would now,, 
according to our learned terms, be called eschatology — that is, what is to 
- happen on the other side of the great river — and one of them said : 
** Arrah ! you're fooling now, Paddy ! Sure, when I die I do not want to 
go to purgatory." "Take care, my friend, you may go farther and 
fare worse." My friend. Dr. Magoon, might have gone further than 
Ireland and fared worse. But, sir, as I thought of that introduction, 
and as the scene rose up before me of an educated, self-respecting, patri- 
otic American, walking into that old hall in London, with all the 
magnificent consciousness of a great country behind him that made 
' him feel the equal of any titled person in that room, and I realized that 
there was Ulster blood in him, I saw a type of what America had done 
for the XJlsterman. And as I think of that thoughtful and cultured gen- 
(150) 



WHAT AMERICA HAS DONE FOB ULSTERMEN. 151 

tieman who stirred our hearts and consciences to night, standing in the 
halls of the Hohenzollerns to present the claims of our country, the 
simple and unadorned but magnificent, imperial citizen of our land, 
and then turn back to the little village outside of Carrickfergus, 
where in the days of that primeval Adam, the sire of his race, the 
Ulsterman who stood bareheaded in the sleet, before some contemptible 
landlordling of the neighborhood, I see in the contrast too what Ameri- 
ca has done for the Ulsterman. [Applause.] Sir, this is a night of 
both pleasure and pain. It is a night of pleasure to some of us, on 
whom has rested a strain that always comes with a great annual meet- 
ing like this, and a strain that always rests on these generous hearts, 
on these willing hands who have had so much in the way of anticipa- 
tory labor, and continuous activity to prepar;e for our coming, and to 
make our abode so pleasant and refreshing and joyous as this has been. 
But it is also, sir, a night of pain as we think that those pleasant 
links of kindred spirits' and communing hearts that have been bound 
between us in these few hours of association may so soon be severed. 
On this night of mingling pleasure and pain we are turning over a 
new leaf, and I think, sir, it is about time we should do so. I think 
that the hour for eulogy has pretty nearly passed, and the hour for 
energies and exercises has about come. [Applause.] And, sir, it is 
somewhat striking that, without any understanding, the distinguished 
statesman who has held us enthralled by the strength of his thinking 
and energy of his conscience and myself have come to speak to you 
on duty, and on that which always lies behind duty, even the free spirit 
that fears God and loves his fellow, because he has been loved of God 
and saved by his own Son. Sir, there are some things that change 
duty from drudgery into delight, and it is the thought of the favor and 
the help and the kindness that have come to one ; for these thoughts of 
goodness, kindness, and helpfulness gathering within our hearts, we 
answer back : " What must I render for these great benefits bestowed 
on me? " And so, sir, I come to speak in a few utterly unprepared 
sentences, for, as you know, sir, I have had but about ten minutes be- 
fore this meeting to throw into some kind of shape in my brain the 
thoughts that I desire to present here, as I had neither expected to be 
present at this Congress nor had I made any preparation for any for- 
mal address. 

I wish to-night, in the few minutes that I shall use, to show what it 
is that lies behind that great sense of duty the Ulsterman fee^s to the 
United States of America in particular; what it is that behind that 
sense of duty should make it a joy and a delight that we shall give to 



152 THE BCOTCH-IBISH IN AMEBICA. 

our country perhaps in time of peace, but if need be in the righteous 
hour of holy struggle, both the manly vigor and the manly force and 
conscientious consecration that shall lift our nation out of another 
slough of difficulty and struggle, and leave her smiling, fresh, clean, joy- 
ous, and triumphant on the high rock for another advance. [Ap- 
plause.] It is but a few weeks ago, sir, that there gathered in that 
splendid and historical building in Philadelphia, the Academy of 
Music, a great meeting, to consider, as free men are entitled to consider, 
great political, social, and economical questions, and one of the speak- 
ers of the evening narrated an incident of that glorious, typical 
American, Abraham Lincoln ; how that, when tired with the work and 
toil of his tremendously responsible term in the White House, he said 
to his friends that he was going to take a day off, and he took his day 
off by going down to the hospital to visit the boys that were in pain. 
And the speaker described how Lincoln went around from bed to 
bed, bending that great frame of his with his generous face down 
over the suffering, and with those mellowed tones that he knew so well 
how to make sweet as a mother's hushing and calming voice, and the 
strong hand of him whose very grasp was to start up a new manhood in 
him that felt it, went around from bed to bed. The speaker paused. Then 
he said: " I wonder if there is any one here who was there?" And 
there arose right in the front of the gallery a great, large-boned, splen- 
did colored man. He said : ** I was there, and that hand was laid on 
me, and it healed me." Sir, there was a time when Ireland lay on 
her bed of death, disappointed, defeated in her national struggle, hope- 
less. From 1707 to 1773 the pulses grew slacker and slacker; life 
seemed to ebb more swiftly and swiftly out of her, and the glaze was 
stretching over her closing eyes; and there came in a great, strong, 
new, gigantic form that bent over her and laid its great broad hand on 
her, and she felt the thrill and raised herself and lived. It was our Ul- 
ster that felt the touch of the great visiting, healing, loving hand of this 
new nation on the other side of the sea. [Applause.] You ask me 
what the United States has done for the Ulsterman. Now remember, 
sir, that there are three Ulster men. There is the mythological Ulster- 
man, there is the mediaeval Ulsterman, and there is the modern Ulster- 
man. There is the mythological man that looms up and comes out 
through the clouds of far-distant tale and hardly yet discovered fact ; 
but who proves himself, sir, by distinct skull, by the peculiar form, and 
by a number of unmistakable tokens to be a peculiar man and potent 
from far back. And then there is the mediaeval Ulsterman, the mau of 
this middle age. John Knox was his racial father, for he was not 



WHAT AMEBICA HAS DONE FOB ULSTEBMEN. 153 

known in history until John Knox opened the door and let him walk 
out upon the stage. And then there is the modern Ulsterman, the 
man who has come to be known on this side of the sea as the Scotch- 
Irish American. I do not say, remember, that all Scotch- Irishmen 
come from Ulster, but I do say this: that the typical, the peculiar, the 
conquering, the dominant man that we have known in our history 
here as the Scotch-Irishman has been preeminently the Ulsterman. 
Now this modem Ulsterman has had three stages in this history. Ho 
had the stage of his birthplace, and that was in the Lowlands of 
Scotland, after the time of Knox ; he had his raising place, and that 
was the colony of Ulster, to which he was brought under the Royal 
Charter and just promises that were falsified to him ; and he has had 
only one dwelling place, and that is our ow^ land. Scotland gave him 
his Christianity, his Church, his convictions, his Catechism, and there- 
fore his character ; Ulster gave him, under the stem but divine over- 
ruling discipline and tyranny of Tory martinets, his convictions; but 
it is America that has given him his citizenship, his coequal rights, 
his conquests, and his crown. [Applause.] And it has done this for 
him, sir, by giving him an opportunity. He never had the opportuni- 
ty given him of showing what was in him, until God in his providence 
gave him ample room and margin enough here to show how God has 
built him, and how the tyrant chained him and held him in. Oppor- 
tunity, sir, is needful to us all. You may train yCur athlete, you 
may bring every muscle to be like elastic wire, you may cause every 
bone to be so articulate that the man shall with his column stand like 
a very pillar of steel, you may educate him so that he may know ex- 
actly where to plant each blow; but he cannot win the Olympian 
crown unless you put him on the stadium and give him free course to 
flhow what is in him. 

The first time the Ulsterman had an opportunity given him, a fair 
field and no favor, was when he came here. The second thing that the 
Ulsterman has of the United States is a complete and coequal educa- 
tion. Why, sir, the hour is not fkx behind us — as Dr. Hall, one of the 
greatest and most helpful Royal Commissioners in Ireland, knows full 
well — the hour does not lie far behind us when the Ulster boy was so 
weighted that he had not the fair opportunity of getting a complete 
and coequal education. The Ulsterman oomes here and finds open to 
him from the very beginning the very best institutions of the land, 
■uoh as they then were, and from that hour on to this he has had 
thrown freely open to him every avenue by which the panting heart 
that longs after the pure waters of knowledge and deep draughts of 



154 THE SCOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

them may stand with any one at the well and drink as deep and long^ 
as he may choose. 

America has given to the transplanted Ulsterman his fixed and fit- 
ting home. Come with me, my friends, for a few minutes. We will 
drive down this old historic road, along which armies have come and 
gone, and we will stop at that farmer's home there. Brave men for 
several generations have grown in it. We will go inside; there is a 
true man there. As we walk in, what means it? Seel he sits there be- 
side the table in his inner room, his elbow on the table, and his hand, 
broadened and hardened by honest toil, holding up his brow, and his 
head bent down. As the minister of a parish may do to even men older 
than himself, I say to him: " William, what does it mean?" 

He says: " I am ruined^ sirl The last of the old home; the rent has 
been raised again." 

I knew it had been raised beyond the power of profitable production. 
What was that farm to him, sir? It was the home of generations of 
honest, toiling Ulstermen who had come over and converted black bog 
into deep and productive corn and grain land, and now to keep yonder 
Englishman among his hounds, set him on his horse, and let him go 
and spend at the gambling table the money that he had so wrung out 
of his acres, the rent had been raised. I said to him : " I would stand 
it no more." 

"Ah I" he said, "a young man and unmarried you say that! The 
world is before you, but I have these nine children and my somewhat 
sickly wife to think of." 

" No matter," I said ; " I have some books at home I want you to 
read." 

I jumped on my horse and went forth and brought them back inside 
of an hour, and I said : " Read those, and I will come to see you to- 



morrow." 



Passing over the interval, come with me now down into the flat bot- 
toms of Illinois. What mean this smiling home; these luxurious 
fields round about, out of which the great corn towers? It means that 
that man who sat there in a grief that was too hot and bitter for even 
tears to come to his eyes is now his own king upon his thousanr^s of 
acres and a few more in his fixed and happy home, and that is what 
the United States did for that Ulsterman. [Applause.] 

One word more. The United States has done this for the Ulster- 
man: It has given him the honors of his righteous struggle. Let ua 
take another scene: It is just twenty years after the siege and relief of 
Londonderry. The home is within a mile and a half of the town of 



WHAT AMERICA HAS DONE FOR UL8T]^RMEN. 15& 

Strabane, which is known to at least three or four of us here to-night* 
It is just on the outskirts of Strabane, where a man who had during 
the days and nights of that tremendous si^e occupied some of the most 
important points of the beleaguered city, and who had most nobly served 
in connection with that tremendous siege that saved the liberties of Eu- 
rope, and led under God to the end of the long, great struggle for the 
life of the world. That man was promised honor and distinction. He 
had justly won them, but because he was not of the favorite Church 
that stole the results of Presbyterian bravery out of the hands of the 
true leaders and defenders of old Derry, not one single promise was 
kept, but he was actually turned out of his own home to become a 
beggar. Go into Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Chicago, San Fran- 
cisco, anywhere where they have raised monuments to the heroic dead, 
and you will see adorning the principal points of the city and the fairest 
spots of our squares the nation's tribute to Black Jack or Reynolds 
or our other own noble Scotch-Irish hero brothers. There lies no 
honor in the grip of Columbia that the Ulstermah does not get after 
the country sees he has done his work. [Applause.] Now, sir, this is 
what the United States has done for the Ulsterman. It is time that the 
TJlsterman should show that he was starting on a new career of conquest ; 
that he was moved by the memories of the past; that he was impelled 
by the great traditions of his own noble and sainted dead; that he 
hear the spirit voices sounding in the ears, " Go forWkrd I " that he 
should begin to think : ** Can I not, as a new hour of my country's 
fresh struggle is striking, throw up into bold relief a new type of Ul- 
ster-American manhood and womanhood, which in the home must be 
the beginning ^nd the safeguard and the glory of our social and 
national life, in the Church where penitent sinners bow down in hum- 
ble acknowledgment of their unworthiness at the feet of the Glorified 
who was crucified, and where loving-hearted children look up and 
strain the spirit eyes to catch the face of the Father known to be there, 
that they may hear the Father's bidding to the waiting child, in the 
state where consecrated motherhood and sisterhood in the sweet and 
holy quietude of the consecrated home where patriotic and consecrated • 
manhood, fatherhood, and brotherhood can stand together in self-sacri- 
ficing patriotism and think more of the country and less of this self ? 
Is there not in this hour to be called up out of us a new, free, patriotic, 
daring, conquering Scotch-Irish-Aiiperican manhood and womanhood 
that shall meet the demands of the hour? " 

I went once into the studio of Foley, the great London sculptor, who 
was pleased oftentimes to speak to me as I went to and from on a duty 



166 THE BGOTGH-IBISH IN AKEBIOA. 

that carried me past hU study, and after we had chatted for a few mo- 
ments he said, ''Gomel I want to show you something new;" and I 
went, and he took me down into what he called his *' den," and showed 
me throuffh his studio, and all around the room there were reproduc- 
tions of various forms, and all around the walls there were figures and 
engravings; and I said, "Mr. Foley, what are you at now?" 

He said : *' I am thinking out a new Buth, and I have gathered 
around reproductions of all the Ruths that sculptors have made and 
all the Buths that painters have depicted, but I have got in my mind a 
new Ruth, and I want to leave her behind me." 

Men and women, in the closing hours of this great Congress, there 
stand around about us the forms of the old Ulstermen and women from 
our historic galleries and their walls. Look upon the thousand pictures 
of the great, the heroic, and conscientious, consecrated, humble dead I 
Surely within our souls to-night, after hearing this bugle call of duty, 
there shall be stirred a great longing to throw up the new form of 
fealty, love, conscientiousness, and consecration to God, which we may 
leave behind us for the future historians of our race to say that the 
second, third, and fourth generations of these men and women gave to 
every hour of their country the new mothers and daughters, the new 
fathers and sons, that met the cry oi the land and the summons of 
God. [Applause.] 



LEAVES FEOM THE DAWN OP CELTIC HISTORY. 



BT JAMES FINLAT ( " MORVEN " ), EUREKA, SOUTH DAKOTA. 

On this side of the Atlantic the people have in recent years taken 
a lively interest in the history of their forebears, and nearly every 
American &mily of note claims to trace a descent from at least the 
pilgrims of the " Mayflower." 

Many, not content with that, have endeavored — not without success 
— to show their lineage from a family tree of noble or patrician blood, 
located in Scotland, Ireland, or England ; but generally the branch has 
been broken off, and only left a scar where the emigrant in quest of re- 
ligious or civil liberty broke away from the parent stem. 

Like a ship that has lost its moorings in the dark, we seem anxious 
to feel our way to an anchorage ; conscious that we inherit a glorious 
history, we desire to know to which one of the Anglo-Saxon Celtic races . 
we belong. This feeling, it appears, is more pronounced here than in 
Europe, where the people, although living among the monuments of 
antiquity, and in very sight of the fields of battle where their fore- 
fieithers shed their blood, forget their historical interest in the hum- 
drum of everyday life and make little account of their pedigree. 

And why should the question not interest us? If we import a 
horse of rare breed, the most valuable thing to obtain is his pedigree. 

Of how much more value must it be for a man, in order to know the 
resultant failings or advantages of moral tone, due to hereditary vir- 
tues or vices, to realize and trace the tree of his descent, and, a for- 
tiori, the importance of a race of men is of the greatest concern in the 
history of the world at large. 

The history of the Celtic races embraces that of Scotland, Ireland, 
and Wales, and including Gaul is the oldest known to Eui;ope, if we 
also embrace the Picts and Druids who were the priests of the original 
races before the dawn of history. 

But our attention will be more particularly turned to the Scottish- 
Irish branches of the race as the first which introduced the light of 
Christianity, and advanced by easy steps from the Greek rites of pa- 
ganism to the cult of the cross and the humanizing influences of St. 
Patrick, St Colomb, and St Gall. 

The Scottish branch stands preeminent as the only people who with- 
stood the Roman armies, and may be termed as the militant and con* 
quering warrior tribes whose duties were constantly on the field of bat- 

ri57^ 



158 THE SCOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

tie. It was to their prowess that was due the fact of Ireland's ex- 
emption and freedom from the Roman warriors' yoke, and the Wklls of 
the Forth and Clyde, Solway and Tyne, are the standing monuments 
of their fortitude. 

In one campaign alone the Romans lost fifty thousand men in a 
vain attempt to suhdue them; and if we sum up their losses during the 
four hundred years* war with the Caledonians, it would not be an ex- 
aggeration to estimate the Roman losses at half a million of men. 

Their armies easily subdued the territories of mountainous Greece; 
why did they fail in Scotland? The answer is because of the indomi- 
table courage and military skill of the Celto-Milesian generals, the Find- 
gals, the Galgracchi, the giants whose memory lay embalmed in the 
minds of the Highlanders for centuries, if not traced in cuneiform or 
on tables of stone, and whose remains lie buried. under the flagstones 
of the lona, the first church of Western Christendom, and originally 
the high place of the Druids. 

Icolmkill, or " lona," is also sacred to the memory of fifty-seven 
Scotto-Irish kings, the Art-Finds, the Fingals, the mighty leaders 
whose memory is enshrined and repeated in the symphony of the 
ocean billows' roar, when lashed against the basaltic columns of the 
portals of Fingal's Cave, the legend and the song of nature, a warning 
to the vikings of the sea, as well as to the Roman tyrants on the land. 

To Csesar's curt dispatch, " Vene, vidi, vici" the Scottish people filed 
a caveat emptor, and neither the proud conqueror of the world nor all 
his successors could capture the sword of Fingal. 

The first of this family mentioned by the Roman generals is named 
by their historians as Gal-gracchus, or Galgaccus, who fought the battle 
of the Grampians, and there is no doubt whatever that the name so 
mentioned by Tacitus is a Fingal; the stem ''Gal" is sufficient to 
identify the general who led the battle and made the battle cry and 
made the speech to his men when leading them against the Roman ea- 
gles. To this leader. King of Albion, was left the duty of the world's 
forlorn hope, to fight the last fight of freedom. 

Some English, and even Scottish writers, have called the Risofalba 
petty kings, forgetting that the work they accomplished in setting 
bounds to the power of the Caesars was almost superhuman, and must 
have been supported by an immense army whose base of operations ex- 
tended over the whole of the North of Scotland ; and drawing supplies 
^rom Ireland, they thus rendered the walls of Antonine and Hadrian 

harmless to the Celts. 

* 

In the first pages of Irish history we find the name of Erin, Queen 



LEAVES FROM THE DAWN OF CELTIC HISTORY. 159 

of MacGi^ve, " Son of the Sun." The appellate "Erin " is a modifica- 
tion of "Aryan," and the title " Son of the Sun " clearly shows the 
Aryan origin of the Celtic race. 

In what other way could the principal title of the Shah of Persia 
have reached the far-distant green isle, if not carried there by people 
of the Aryan race? 

The Celtic people were Arcadian in their habits : they loved their val- 
leys and mountain sides ; they loved their flocks and herds, and not 
being a seafaring or commercial people, there was room all along the 
seacoasts of Gaul and Albion for the Milesian, Scythian, and Pelasgian 
Greek races of Asia Minor who all of them flocked toward the newly 
boomed islands of Albion and Erne, and the date of this movement 
might be about 600 to 500 B.C. The Celts had left their congeners, the 
Greeks, 1,000 B.C., and had settled Gaul and the islands of Great 
Britain and Ireland, but the islands were still a prey to invaders. 

I am indebted to the Irish-Celtic book of invasions, the " Lebar Geb- 
hala,*' for the following information, the same being the most ancient 
Celtic manuscript or history. This land of the Celtic peoples was in- 
vaded (1) by Partholan and his good people — that is, Bartholomew and 
his followers — who came from Middle Greece, but many of whom died 
of a plague ; (2) by the Scythians, under Nemed, who were the real pro- 
genitors of the Scots and Picta; (3) by the Firbolgs; (4) by the Tua- 
tha de Danan; (5) the Scots or Milesians, who were of mixed Scythi- 
an and Ionian Greek blood, and who were *' miles " or noble fighters on 
sea or laud. 

It may be premised that all of these invaders had first visited En- 
gland and Scotland before appearing in Ireland. The geography of the 
countries renders it certain that these friendly or gemifriendly inva- 
sions were directed from the west coast of Scotland and England after 
these coasts had been conquered by this militant race, and were held in 
firm and peaceful sway; otherwise they would not have ventured to 
cross the channel any more than the Romans, with a powerful enemy 
on their rear. It was Agricola who viewed the Irish coast from the 
west coast of Scotland, and said he could conquer Ireland with one le- 
gion — ten thousand men-^buthe himself had been obliged to draw his 
troops back from Scone to the Clyde after the battle of the Grampians, 
being thus checkmated in his designs on the Scotch as well as the Irish. 
He had prematurely forwarded to Rome dispatches of his victory over 
the Fingal-gacchus; and as there were no war correspondents then, the 
facts alone were left to contradict Agricola's false dispatches. The first 
invasion of Ireland, as above described, was that of a friendly people 



160 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

under Bartholomew as a leader, and might well be that of St. Barthol- 
omew himself, and although it is the first in order mentioned in the 
" Lebar Gebhala," it is more likely to have been the last — about fifty 
years after the Christian era — under a band of Christian missionaries. 
St. Mark is supposed to have died at Venice, St. Andrew in Scotland, 
and why not St Bartholomew in Ireland? 

The great Scythian invasion of Ireland under Nemed may have oc- 
curred about the middle of the sixth century before Christ They ar- 
rived fa thirty ships of war, and if we liken them to the Greek war 
ships which fought in the armada of Salamis, they would each contain 
fifty warriors. But this was not all ; their base of operations was cer- 
tainly the western islands and coast of Scotland, and their ships were 
constantly plying between the Irish coast and the ports of Patrick or 
the Mull of Cantyre, and also the ports as far south as the Solway, all 
of this country being already possessed by the Scoto-Milesians. No 
wonder that Ireland was so quickly conquered by the Art-Finds, the 
sons of Conn or Conon, as Scotland had been by the Fingals (the 
same family), when we know the resources of this Scythian people who 
had already when in Asia Minor usurped the powers of the whole em- 
pire of the Medes and Persians for twenty-eight years before disappear- 
ing from the pages of Perso-Greek history. They were called the 
Boyal Horde, or great army of Scythian-Soolote or Scote, by the 
Greeks. 



THE FIGHTING McCOOKS. 



BY HOWB. 



Ons of the best-known Scotch-IriBh families who have contrib- 
uted their fUU share to the honorable record of that race in the 
United States are the Ohio McGooks, who acquired a wide reputa- 
tion during the Civil War as the " Fighting McCooks." In the va- 
rious current notices of them they are spoken of as one family, but 
were really two families, the sons of Maj. Daniel McGook and Dr. 
John McCook. Of the former family, there were engaged in mili- 
tary service the father, Maj. Daniel McCook, Surgeon Latimer A. 
McCook, Gen. George W. McCook, Maj. Gen. Robert L. McCook, 
Maj. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook, Gren. Daniel McCook, Jr., Maj. 
Gen. Edwin Stanton McCook, Private ^Charles Morris McCook, and 
Col. John J. McCook. Another son. Midshipman J. James McCook, 
died in the naval service before the rebellion. Thus ten in all hon- 
orably served their country. 

Of the latter family, there were engaged in the service Maj. Gten. 
Edward M. McCook, Gen. Anson G. McCook, Chaplain Henry C. 
McCook, Commander Boderick S. McCook, TJ. S. N., and Lieut. 
John J. McCook — five in all. This makes a total of fifteen, every 
son of both families all commissioned officers except Charles, who 
was killed in the first battle of Bull Bun, and who declined a com- 
mission in the regular army, preferring to serve as a private volun- 
teer. 

The two families have been familiarly distinguished as the " Tribe 
of Dan " and the " Tribe of John." 

J. The Daniel McCook Branch, 

Maj. Daniel McCook, the second son of George McCook and 
Mary McCormack, was born June 20, 1798, at Cannonsburg, Pa., the 
seat of Jefferson College, where he received his education. On 
August 28, 1817, he married Martha Latimer, daughter of Abraham 
Latimer, of Washington, Pa. In 1826 they removed to New Lisbon, 
O., and later to Carrollton, O. Mr. McCook was an active member 
and an elder for many years of the Presbyterian Church of Carroll- 
ton, organizing and conducting as superintendent the first Sun- 
day school of that Church. 

At the beginning of the war he was in Washington, D. C, and, 
although sixty three years of age, at once tendered his services to 
11 (161) 



162 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

President Lincoln. Each of his eight sons then living also promptly 
responded to the call of the President for troops. When the rebel 
general, John Morgan, made his raid into Ohio, Maj. McCook was 
stationed at Cincinnati, and joined the troops sent in his pursuit. 
Morgan undertook to recross the Ohio River at Buffington Island. 
Maj. McCook led an advance party to oppose and intercept the 
crossing. In the skirmish that took place he was mortally wounded, 
and died next day, July 21, 1863, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. 
He was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery, near Cincinnati. 

He was a man of commanding presence, an ardent patriot, and 
an earnest Christian. He possessed a most gentle and amiable dis- 
position, combined with the highest personal courage, untiring 
energy, and great force of character. He ruled his household in 
the fear of the Lord, and died as he had lived, in the active per- 
formance of his duty. 

His wife, Martha Latimer, daughter of Abraham Latimer and 
Mary Greer, was born at Washington, Pa., March 8, 1802. Her 
maternal ancestors were Scotch-Irish, but on the father's side they 
were English, coming originally from Leicestershire, and from the 
family which gave the martyr Bishop Hugh Latimer to the English 
Eeformation. 

During the war of the rebellion Mrs. McCook was in a peculiarly 
difficult position. Her husband and sons were all in the service. 
No battle could take place but some of her loved ones were in dan- 
ger. Each succeeding year brought death to a member of her fam- 
ily upon the battlefield. Her husband and three sons were thus 
taken from herj and the others were so frequently wounded that it 
seemed as if in her old a^e she was to be bereft of her entire fam- 
ily. Her life during these long years of anxiety was well-nigh a 
continuous prayer for her country and for her sons who had given 
themselves for its defense. This patriotic woman well illustrates 
the heroic aufferings endured by the women of the republic no less 
than by the men. 

Mrs. McCook died JSTovember 10, 1879, in the seventy-eighth year 
of her age, at New Lisbon, O., and was buried beside her husband 
in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. 

The children of this couple are as follows: 

1. Latimer A. McCook, M.D., was born at Cannonsburg, Pa., 

April 26, 1820. He was educated at JeflFerson College, Cannonsburg^ 

studied medicine with his uncle, Dr. George McCook, a physician 

of great skill and eminence, and received his degree from Jefferson 



THE FIGHTING M' COOKS. 163 

Medical College, of Philadelphia. He entered the army in 1861 as « 
assiBtant surgeon, and was soon promoted to be surgeon, with the 
rank of major, of the Thirty-first Kegiment, Illinois Volunteers, 
known as " John A. Logan's Kegiment." 

He served throughout the campaigns of the Army of the Tennes- 
see, and while caring for the wounded of his regiment, during 
action, he was himself twice wounded — once in the trenches before 
Yicksburg, and again at Pocotaligo Bridge, in Gen. Sherman's 
movement northward f^om Savannah. He fc^urvived the war, but 
was broken down in health, and died August 23, 1869, from general 
debility, resulting from wounds and exposure incident to his service 
in the army, and was buried at Spring Grove Cemoteiy, Cincinnati. 

2. George Wythe McCook was born at Cannonsburg, Pa., Novem- 
ber 2, 1821. He graduated from the Ohio University, at Athens, 
and studied law with and afterwards became the partner of 
Edwin M. Stanton, the great War Secretary. He served as an 
officer in the Third Ohio Regiment throughput the Mexican War, 
and returned as its commander. He was Attorney General of the 
State of Ohio in 1854-56, and edited the first volume of the " Ohio 
State Reports." He was one of the fii*st four brigadier generals ap- 
pointed by the Governor of Ohio to command the troops from that 
State at the outbreak of the rebellion, but the condition of his 
health prevented him from taking any command that required ab- 
sence from home. However, he organized and commanded for short 
periods several Ohio regiments. 

He was the Democratic candidate for Governor in 1871, but his 
health broke down during the canvass, and he was compelled to 
abandon the campaign. He, with the Rev. Dr. Charles C. Beatty, 
were the largest contributors to the erection of the Second Presby- 
terian Church at Steubenville, O., of which he was a trustee. He 
died December 28, 1877, and was buried at Steubenville. 

3. John James MeCook, born at Cannonsburg, Pa., December 28, 
1823, was educated at the United States Naval Academy. While 
serving as midshipman of the United States frigate "Delaware," otf 
the coast of South America, he wris taken ill with a fever, following 
long-continued exposure while on duty. He died March 30, 1842, 
and was buried in the English burying ground at Rio Janeiro. Ad- 
miral Farragut, in his autobiography, pays a high tribute to the per- 
sonal character and ability of Midshipman McCook. 

4. Robert Latimer McCook, born at New Lisbon, O., December 
28, 1827. He studied law in the office of Stanton & McCook, at 



164 THE SCOTGH-IBISH IN AMEBIOA. 

Steubenville, then removed to Cincinnati, and in connection with 
Judge J. B. Stallo secured a large practice. When the news- 
reached Cincinnati that Fort Sumter had been fired upon he or- 
ganized and was commissioned colonel of the Ninth Ohio Begi- 
ment, amoni^ the Germans, enlisting a thousand men in less thaa 
two days. He was ordered to West Virginia, put in command of a^ 
brigade, and made the decisive campaign there under McClellan. 
His brigade was then transfeiTed to the Army of the Ohio, and 
took a most active part in the battle of Mills Spring, in Kentucky^, 
where he was severely wounded. The rebel forces were driven, 
from their lines by a bayonet charge of Gen. McCook's brigade, and 
so closely pursued that their organization as an army was com- 
pletely destroyed. Gen. McCook rejoined his brigade before his 
wound had healed, and continued to command it when he was una- 
ble to mount a horse. His remarkable soldierly qualities procured 
him the rank of major general and the command of a division. 

He met his death August 6, 1862, while on the march near Sa- 
lem, Ala. He had been completely prostrated by his open wound 
and a severe attack of dysentery, and was lying in an ambulance, 
which was driven along in the interval between two regiments of 
his division. A small band of local guerrillas, commanded by 
Frank Gurley, dashed out of ambush, surrounded the ambulance^ 
and discovered that it contained an officer of rank^ who was lying 
on the bed, undressed and unable to rise. They asked who he was, 
and, seeing that the Federal troops were approaching, shot him aa 
he lay and made good their escape, as the nature of the country 
and their thorough familiarity with it easily enabled them to do. 
This brutal assassination of Gen. McCook aroused intense feeling 
throughout the country. The murdered commander was buried at 
Spring Grove Cemetery, and his devoted soldiers and friends, at 
the close of the war, erected a monument to his memory in Cin- 
cinnati. 

5. Maj. Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook was bom on a farm 
near New Lisbon, Columbiana County, O., April 22, 1831. He enter* 
ed the United States Military Academy, at West Point, and gradu- 
ated in the class of 1852. At the opening of the war he was promptly 
made colonel of the First Ohio Begiment, which he led among the 
very earliest troops to the relief of the capital, and commanded at 
Bull Run, or Manassas. He became a brigadier general in Septem- 
ber, 1861, and commanded a division under Gen. Buoll in the Army 
of the Ohio. He was made a major general for distinguished sorv- 



THE FIGHTING M'COOKa. 165 

Ices at the battle of Shiloh, and was placed in command of the 
Twentieth Army Corps, forming the right wing of the Army of the 
dumberland, with which he served during the campaigns of Perry- 
yille, Stone's Biver, Tullahoma, Chattanooga, ajid Chickamauga. 
Gen. McCook subsequently commanded one of the trans-Mississippi 
•departments. • He is now a major general in the regular army, sta- 
tioned at Denver, Colo., in command of the Department of Colorado. 
6. Daniel McCook, Jr., was born at Carrollton, O., July 22, 1834. 
He was rather delicate and overstudious, and, with a view to im- 
proving his health, entered Alabama University, at Florence, from 
which he graduated with honor. He returned to Ohio with health 
greatly improved, and entered the law office of Stanton & McCook, 
At Steubenville. 

After admission to the bar he removed to Leavenworth, Kan., 
where he formed a partnership with William T. Sherman and 
Thomas Ewing. When the war opened that office closed, and each 
of the partners soon became general officers, Oen. Sherman at the 
•close of the war being second to Gen. Grant. 

Daniel McCook, Jr., was captain of a local company, the Shields 
Kruards, with which he volunteered, and, as a part of the First Kan- 
sas Hegiment, served under Gen. Lyon at Wilson's Creek. He 
then served as Chief of Staff of the First Division of the Army of 
the Ohio in the Shiloh campaign, and became colonel of the Fifty- 
second Ohio Infantry in the summer of 1862. He was assigned to 
the' command of a brigade in Gen. Sheridan's division, and as such 
•continued to serve with the Army of the Cumberland. 

He was selected by his old law partner. Gen. Sherman, to lead 
the assault on Kennesaw Mountain. After all the arrangements for 
the assault had been made, the brigade was formed in regiment 
front and four deep. Just before the assault Col. McCook recited 
to his men in a perfectly calm manner the stanzas from Macaulay's 
-^'Horatius " in which occur these lines: 

Then out spoke brave Horatius, 

The captain of the gate: 
*'To every man upon this earth 

Death cometh soon or late. 
And how can man die better 
, Than facing fearfiil odds, 

For the ashes of his fathers 

And the temples of his gods?** 

Then he gave the word of command and dashed forward. He 
bad reached the top of the enemy's works, and was encouraging his 



166 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

men to follow, when he was riddled with minie balls and fell back 
wounded unto death. For his courage and gallantry in this assault 
he was promoted to the full rank of brigadier general, an honor 
which he did not iive to enjoy, as he survived but a few days. He 
died July 21, 1864, and was buried at Spring Grov^ Cemetery, Cin- 
cinnati. 

7. Edwin Stanton McCook was born at Carrollton, 0., March 26, 
1837. Ho was educated at the United States Naval Academy, at 
Annapolis, but, preferring the other arm of the service, when the 
Civil War began he recruited a company and joined the Thirty-first 
Illinois Infantry, of which hie friend, John A. Logan, was colonel. 
He served with his regiment at the battles of Fort Henry and Fort 
Donelson, where he was severely wounded. In his promotions he 
succeeded Gen. Logan, and followed him in the command of regi- 
ment, brigade, and division throughout the Yickeburg and other 
campaigns under Grant, in the Chattanooga and Atlanta campaigns 
and in the march to the sea under Sherman. 

He was promoted to the rank of full brigadier and brevet major 
general for his sei'vices in these campaigns. He was three times 
severely wounded, but survived the war. While acting Governor 
of Dakota, and in presiding over a public meeting, September 11, 
1873, he was shot and killed by a man who was not in sympathy 
with the object of the meeting, and was buried at Spring Grovo 
Cemetery, Cincinnati. 

8. Charles Morris McCook was born at Carrollton, O., November 
13, 1843. He was a member of the freshman class at Kenyon Col- 
lege when the war began, and, although less than eighteen years of 
age, volunteered as a private soldier in the Second Ohio Infantry 

*for the three months' service. Secretary Stanton oflfered him a 
lieutenant's commission in the regular army, but he preferred to 
serve as a volunteer. 

At the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, he served with his reg- 
iment, which was covering the retreat of the shattered army. As 
he passed a field hospital he saw his father, who had volunteered as 
a nurse, at work among the wounded, and stopped to assist him, 
the regiment passing on. As he started to rejoin his company 
young McCook was surrounded by an officer and several troopers 
of the famous Black Horse Cavalry, who demanded his surrendw. 
His muskot was loaded, and he quickly disabled the officer, and, as 
he wa8 highly trained in the bayonet exercise, kept the other horse- 
men at bay. His futhc :, seeing the odds against the lad, called to 



THE FIGHTINQ M'OOOES. 167 

him to surrender, to which he replied, "Father, I will never sur- 
render to a rebel," and a moment after was shot down by one of 
the cavahymen. Hin aged father removed his remains from the 
field, and they were afterwards buried at Spring Grove Cemetery, 
Cincinnati. 

9. John J. McCook was bom at Carrollton, O., May 25, 1845« 
He was a student at Kenyon College when the war began, and, 
afler completing his freshman year, enlisted in the Sixth Ohio Cav- 
alry. He was promoted to a first lieutenancy on September 12, 
1862, and was assigned to duty on the staff of Gen. Thomas L. 
Crittenden, commanding a corps of the Army of the Ohio, which 
subsequently became the Twenty-first Corps of the Army of the 
Cumberland. 

He served in the campaigns of Perryvillo, Stone's River, Tullaho- 
ma, Chattanooga, and Chickamauga, with the Western armies, and 
in Gen. Grant's campaign with the Army of the Potomac, from the 
battle of the Wilderness to the crossing of James River. He was 
commissioned a captain and aid-de-camp of the United States vol- 
unteers in September, 1863, and was brevetted major of volunteers 
for gallant and meritorious services in action at Shady Grove, Ya., 
where he was severely and dangerously wounded. He was after- 
wards made lieutenant colonel and colonel for gallant and meritori- 
ous services in the same campaign. Col. McCook still survives, the 
only member but one of a family of ten when the war began, and 
is a lawyer engaged in active practice in New York City. For a 
number of years ho has been the legal adviser and active in the 
management of many important financial, insurance, and railway 
corporations. Col. McCook gives much attention to educational 
matters, and is an active Trustee of Princeton College. He has re- 
ceived the following univeniity degrees: A.B. and A.M. from Ken- 
yon College, Honorary A.M. from Princeton. LL.B. from Harvard, 
and LL.D. from both the Universities of Kansas and Lafayette Col- 
lege. Mr. McCook is an elder in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian 
Church, of New York, of which Dr. John Hall is the pastor. Hav- 
ing been appointed by his Presbytery a member of the Prosecuting 
Committee, in the now celebrated Briggs heresy case, Mr. McCook, 
by reason of the ability* industry, and knowledge of the theological 
and critical questions involved, is credited with having done much 
to bring that case to a successful conclusion and in securing the de- 
liverance upon, and testimony of the General Assembly of the 
Northern Presbyterian Church to, the integrity of the ScriptureS) 



168 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AM^BICA. 

as opposed to the so-called higher critical views of Dr. Briggs and 
his followers. 

IL The John McGook Branch. 

Dr. John McCook was born and educated at Cannonsburg, Pa^, 
the seat of Jefferson College ; was a man of fine presence, genial 
nature, and a physician of unusual ability. His wife was bom at 
Hartford, Conn., of an old New England family, and was a woman 
of rarer culture. She was remarkable for her gift of song and mu- 
sical attainments, and her fine intellect and sprightly manner. She 
greatly excelled in reading aloud, and taught her sons this art, in- 
structing them also in declamation and composition, before these 
branches were introduced into the schools of the neighborhood. 
She was particularly fond of poetry, and could render from memory 
chapters of Scott*s " Marmion" and ^< Lady of the Lake," as well as 
the poems of Burns. Her influence was decided upon the charac- 
ter of her five sons. 

Dr. McCook practiced medicine for many years in New Lisbon, 
O., whence he removed to Stoubenville. He was an ardent patriot, 
and, although a lifelong Democrat, joined the Union-Eepublican 
party nnd gave the whole weight of his influence and service to the 
support of the government during the Civil War. He died just 
after its close, October 11, 1865, at the headquarters of his son, 
Gen. Anson G. McCook, in Washington, D. C, during a temporary 
visit, and was buried at Steubenville, O., by the side of his wife, 
who had preceded him just six months. 

He united with the Presbyterian Church of New Lisbon, O., to- 
gether with his wife, after the birth of all their children. The lat- 
ter were baptized on the same Sabbath by the late Dr. A. O. Pat- 
terson. Dr. McCook was a warm friend of Sunday schools, and 
was superintendent for years of the school of the First Church of 
Steubenville, under the late Dr. H. G. Comingo. 

The children of the above couple are as follows: 

1. Maj. Gen. Edward Moody McCook, born at Steubenville, O.) 
June 15, 1833. He was one of the earliest settlers in the Pike's 
Peak region, where he had gone to practice his profession, law. 
He represented that district in the Legislature of Kansas, before 
the division of the Territory. He was terafporarily in Washington 
in the troubled era preceding the war, and by a daring feat as a 
volunteer secret agent for tlie government won such approbation 
that he was appointed into the regular army as a lieutenant of c-av- 
alry. At the outbreak of the rebellion he was appointed major of 



THE FIGHTING K'OOOKS. 169 

the Second Indiana Cavalry, rose rapidly to the ranks of colonel, 
brigadier, and major general, and after brilliant and effective service 
retired at the close of the war with the rank of lieutenant colonel 
in the regular army. His most difScult and dangerous service, per- 
haps, was penetrating the enemy's lines by way of diversion pre- 
iriouB to Sherman's march to the sea. He returned from this '^ for- 
lorn hope," having inflicted great damage upon the enemy, defeated 
and captured a large number, whom he was compelled to release, 
And retired in the face of Hood's entire army. He resigned from 
the regular army to accept the appointment of United States Min- 
ister to the Sandwich Islands. He was subsequently twice ap- 
pointed Governor of Colorado Territory by President Grant. 

2. Brig. Gen. Anson George McCook was born at Steubenville, 
O., October 10, 1835. He was educated in the public schools of 
New Lisbon, O., and at an early age crossed the plains to Califor- 
nia, where he spent several years. He returned shortly before the 
war, and was engaged in the study of law in the office of Stanton 
<& McCook, at Steubonville. At the outbreak of the rebellion he 
promptly raised a company of volunteers, and was elected captain 
of the company, which was the first to enter the service from East- 
-ern Ohio. He was assigned to the Second Ohio Regiment, and took 
part in the first battle of Bull Eun. Upon the reorganization of 
the troops, he was appointed major of the Second Ohio, and rose by 
death and resignation of his seniors to the rank of colonel. At the 
battle of Peach Tree Creek, near Atlanta, he commanded a brigade. 
He was in action in many of the principal battles of the West, in- 
<^luding those of Perryville, Stone's River, Lookout Mountain, Mis- 
sionary Ridge, Resaca, etc. On the muster out of the Second Ohio, 
at the close of three years' service, ho was appointed Colonel of the 
One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Ohio, and was ordered to Virginia, 
where he was assigned to command a brigade. He was brevetted 
a brigadier general at the close of the war. He returned to Steu- 
benville, whence, after several years' residence, he removed to New 
York City, his present residence. He served six years in Congress 
from the Eighth New York District in the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, 
and Forty-seventh Congresses. He is at present Secretary of the 
United States Senate. 

3. Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D., the third son, was bom July 3, 
1837, at New Lisbon, O., and married an Ohio lady. Miss Emma C. 
Horter, of New Lisbon. He graduated at Jefferson College. He 
was a student in the Western Theological Seminary (Presbyterian)^ 



170 THE SC0TCH-IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

Allegheny City, on the outbreak of the rebellion, and, having made^ 
an engagement to go West to spend his summer vacation, stopped 
at Clinton, De Witt County, 111. Here he was actively engaged in 
raising troops for the service until the first battle of Bull Run, when 
he enlisted as a private soldier, stumped the county to raise troops, 
and was mustered into the Forty-first Illinois as first lieutenant. 
He was appointed chaplain of the regiment, and returned home for 
ordination by the Presbytery of Steubenville, O. He served for 
less than a year, and resigned, with the intention of taking another 
position in the army; but, convmeed that he could serve his country 
best in a public position at home, returned to his Church at Clinton. 
He was subsequently a home missionary and pastor in St. Louis,. 
Mo., whence he was called to Philadelphia in 1869, where he con- 
tinues pastor of one of the most prominent Churches of the East. 
He is the author of a number of popular theological and ecclesias- 
tical books, but is partipularly known as a naturalist. His studies- 
of ants and spiders, on whose habits he has written several impor- 
tant books and numerous papers, have made his name well known 
among the naturalists of Europe and America. 

4. Commander Eoderic Sheldon McCook, U. S. N., was bom in 
New Lisbon, O., March 10, 1839. He graduated at the Naval 
Academy, Annapolis, in 1859, and his first service was off the Congo 
River, Africa, whence he was sent home with a prize crew in charge 
of a captured slaver. From 1861 to 1865 he took active part in ag^ 
gressive operations before New Berne, Wilmington, Charleston, Fort 
Fisher, and on the James River. At New Berne he bore an active 
and successful part in the battle on land. He offered himself and 
the services of his marines to the land force in moving a battery of 
guns from his vessel. With this battery he took a conspicuous part 
in the conflict, and had the honor of receiving the surrender of a 
Confederate regiment of infantry, probably the only sun*ender of 
this sort which occurred during the Civil War. During his ardu- 
ous services with monitors, particularly the "Canonicus" at Fort 
Fisher, he seriously impaired his health. He was engaged in the 
operations on the James River, and also those ending in the surren- 
der of Charleston. He attained the grade of commander September 
25, 1873. His last service was in lighthouse duty on the Ohio 
River, on whose banks, in the family plot in the Steubenville ceme- 
tery, his remains are buried. Failing in health, he was retired from 
active service February 23, 1885, when he went to Yineland, N. J.,, 
seeking restoration of strength in the occupations of farm life. His 



THE FIGHTING M'COOKS. 171 

death was caused by being thrown from his buggy upon his head, 
sustaining injuries which resulted in suffusion of the brain. He 
married Miss Elizabeth Sunderland, of Steubenville, O., who, with 
one son, survives him. 

5. The fifth son and sixth child, Eev. Prof. John James McCook, 
was born at New Lisbon, O., February 4, 1813. He served as lieu- 
tenant in the First Virginia Volunteers during a short campaign in 
West Virginia, a regiment recruited almost exclusively from Ohio. 
There were so many volunteers from this State that its quota of 
regiments was immediately filled, and many of its citizens entered 
the service with regiments from other States. He was at Eelleys- 
ville, one of the earliest engagements of the war. He graduated at 
Trinity College, Hartford; began the study of medicine, but aban- 
doned it to enter the Protestant Episcopal ministry. He was rec- 
tor of St. John's, Detroit, and is now of St. John's, Bast Hartford. 
He is distinguished as a linguist, and is the author of a witty book- 
let, " Pat and the Council." He is at present Professor of Modern 
Languages in Trinity College, Hartford. 



SCOTCHJBISH OP POLK COUNTY, IOWA. 



The following sketches of prominent Scotch-Irishmen who 
have lived in Polk County, la., were either written or secured 
by Judge P. M. Casaday, Vice President for Iowa in the 
Scotch-Irish Society of America. It has been the constant 
aim of the Society to bring out as much of the local history 
of the race as possible in each of the cities in which the Con- 
gress has been held, and Judge Casady. has furnished the 
matter, which follows, from a desire that Dee Moines should 
not lose her share of such history. The sketches are g^ven 
as follows without preface: 

CoL. Jamss Allsn. 

Col. James Allen was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., in the year 1805 
or 1806. His parents emigrated to America from County Armagh, 
Ireland, in the year 1802 or 1803, settling at Philadelphia, where 
they remained two or three years. From Philadelphia they re- 
moved U> West Union, Adams County, O., where they remained a 
number of years. From there they removed to Brown County, O., 
and finally to Johnson County, Ind. 

While residing at West Union, 0., James Allen was appointed a 
cadet to West Point Military Academy in 1825, and graduated 
with high honors in 1829, with the rank of second lieutenant. 
He was assigned to duty at Fort Brady. While at this post, he, 
with a suitable number of soldiers, was detailed as escort for Mr. 
Schoolcraft, to make an examination of the copper mines on Lake 
Superior. - This was an arduous duty, and so very laborious and pain- 
Ail that on one occasion his soldiers, for a moment, refused to strike 
tent and march, being almost worn out by their hardships. On this 
occasion, though naturally a very kind-hearted man, he advanced 
alone toward them with cocked pistol, and on repeating the order 
they obeyed, recognizing that discipline must be maintained at all 
hazards. He gained standing with his men by his fearless dis- 
charge of duty. 

From Fort Brady he was transferred to Fort Dearborn (now 
Chicago) in the year 1830 or 1831, and was put in charge of the 
(172) 



BCOTCH-IBISH OF POLS OOUNTY, IOWA. 173 

construction of the harbor at that port. Much of the value of that 
work is due to his intelligent planning of its scope and foundation. 

From Chicago (which, while he was there, was taking on the 
initials of a city) he was transferred to Fort Des Moines, la. Here 
he remained in command of the post about three years, and until 
it was discontinued as a post. While here, and during his leisure 
hours, he became greatly interested in trying to establish local 
mills for the people, who greatly needed their use, and through 
his efforts that need, in a measure, was supplied. 

While at Fort Des Moines, Col. Allen was ordered to take his com- 
mand of dragoons to the place now called Agency City, and remain 
there in attendance to guard against disturbances while Gov. Cham- 
bers, the second Governor of Iowa, who had been appointed Com- 
missioner, negotiated a treaty with the Indians, Sac and Fox 
tribes, for all the title the tribes had then in the Territory. This 
was considered at the time one of the most important trea> 
ties ever made in the Northwest. It was successflil; the Indian 
title to the land where we are now situated and all the country 
north and northwest, in the boundaries of the State of Iowa, be- 
came extinct about the middle of October, 1846. Great credit is 
due to Gov. Chambers, who we are led to believe was a Scotch- 
Irishman, a Eentuckian by birth, and a major in the war of 1812; 
as well as to Col. Allen, who was in command of the soldiers in 
keeping down all disturbances between the reckless whites and the 
Indians. 

Col. Allen, during the summer months, made expeditions over 
the country up the Des Moines and Eaccoon Bivers, leaving in 
command of the fort Capt. Gitrdner, who was captain of an infan- 
try company also stationed at Fort Des Moines. The report of 
these expeditions was forwarded to the War Department in 
Washington City, and was a great aid to A. C. Dodge, a delegate 
from Iowa Territory, in procuring the valuable grant of land for 
the purpose of improving the navigation of the Des Moines Eiver. 

JVom Fort Des Moines he was sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kan- 
sas Territory. Here he remained in the active performance of the 
duties of the post. In the meantime he had risen to the rank of 
Captain of Dragoons, to which arm he had been transferred. At 
the breaking out of the Mexican War, he, having been at Washing- 
ton City, hastened to his post and very soon received a commission 
as Lieutenant Colonel, with orders to go to Council Bluffs, la., and 
raise a regiment firom the Mormons there to take part in the war, 



174 THE BOOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

it having been understood that they had five hundred pretty well- 
disciplined men who were willing to enlist in this war service. 

This service was very laborious and f\^\\ of hardships, as nearly 
all travel was then by land across the country. The hardships and 
exposure incident to this duty were such that he took cold in this 
service which resulted in pneumonia, from which he died. He died 
lamented by all who knew him, and by none more than his brother 
officers and soldiers with whom his life had been spent. 

Capt. or Lieut. Col. James Allen was below the medium height 
and stature, but well formed and full of life and great physical 
vigor and endurance. He was of very pleasing address and gen- 
ial manner, and his kindness of heart and liberality of hand to all 
made him a universal favorite. '^ None knew him but to love him." 
Jt is believed that he died without an enemy. 

William McHenbt. 

William McHenry was born near Columbus, O., September 17, 
1816^ His father was born In Kentucky, of Scotch-Irish ancestors. 
He was left without a father in his early youth and was the eldest 
of four children, who were thus in their infancy left dependent on 
him. His educational advantages were necessarily very limited, and 
his early life was full of hardships. He was compelled to work for 
the farmers in an unsettled country to maintain his mother and his 
brotheA and sisters; he worked eight months on a farm in Frank- 
lin County, 0., all through the planting, plowing, and harvresting 
season, for the magnificent salary of five dollars per month. 

In 1836 he journeyed from Ohio in a covered wagon to Warren 
County, Ind., when he began life as a farmer himself; here he mar- 
ried Mury Butterfield, a daughter of Judge Nathaniel Butterfield, 
in March, 1845. 

From Indiana he moved to Shelby County, 111., and while there 
he organized a company for the Mexican War, of which he was 
captain, but the company was never put into the service. 

In 1848 he visited Wisconsin, but being disappointed with the 
country he came on to Iowa, and reached the present site of the 
city of Des Moines on the 13th day of August, 1848. He came to 
this city in a covered wagon, and waded the Des Moines Eiver to 
lighten the burden on his jaded team. He entered a farm on 
Beaver Creek, and settled here for a permanent home. 

During the winter of 1848 and 1849 he taught school in what 
has ever since been called the "Nagle District" of the east side of 



SCOTCH-IRISH OF POLK COUNTY, IOWA. 175 

the Des Moines Eiver, and received his pay in side meat and corn. 
While teaching this school he was visited by a member of the Ter- 
ritoral Legislature who had a contract for government surveying 
and wanted to get rid of it, and willingly turned it over to the 
teacher, who at that time had never stretched a chain or sighted a 
compass. When his school was finished, ho went to St. Louip, 
horseback, and procured a surveyor's outfit and a text-book on sur- 
veying, and with the assistance of his wife he began the prepara- 
tion for the fulfilling of his contract. When he had mastered the 
surveyor's art, he began his work and drove the first stakes and fixed 
the boundaries and section lines from the east line to Jasper and 
Marion Counties to the Potawatamie. Ho was the author of the 
club laws enacted by the settlers in their homestead entries, that 
were famous for their defiant, determiDed tone. 

In 1852 he was admitted to practice in the courts of Iowa. In 
1853 he was elected Sheriff of Polk County, la., and served two 
years, when he declined a second term. He was the first Mayor of 
Des Moines after it became a city, and was subsequently City 
Solicitor. In 1856 he was surveyor for the Commissioners to locate 
the Capitol, and laid off the present Capitol grounds and the Gov- 
-ernor 8 Square. 

He laid out a large part of the city of Des Moines, and in 1857 
quit the surveying busines and devoted himself exclusively to the 
practice of law. He continued in the practice of law until 1878, 
when he was elected District Judge in this district, and reelected in 
1882. When his second term had expired, he returned to the prac- 
tice in partnership with his sons, which he continued until his 
death, which occurred on September 9, 1893. He had the unlimited 
confidence of the pioneers of Polk County and his neighbors, and 
they always found him faithful to every trust reposed in him. He 
was a warm-hearted, genial, sympathetic man, and modest and un- 
pretentious. He was not a seeker for power, wealth, or glory, but 
was contented with his lot, and left his fame in the hearts of those 
who knew him, and who remember his tenderness, his honesty and 

courage. 

Ferdinand McKay. 

Ferdinand Cecil Dwight McKay was born on a farm in the town 
of Skaneateles, Onondago County, N. Y. He was the second son 
and fourth child of Daniel McKay, who was the son of Alexander 
McKay, who was the son of Elkenny McKay, who was born in 
Edinburg, Scotland, and came to America about the year 1725 and 



176 THE SC0TCH-IBI8H IN AMEBICiu 

settled in Lenox, Mn«0. This is as far as his Scotch ancestrj can 
now be traced. His English and Saxon lineage are traceabic back 
as far as the year A.D. 560, beginning, so far as has been traced, with 
Pepin the Old, who was bom in 560 and died in 639. 

His early education was acquired at the public schools in the 
vicinity of his birthplace and at a select school in the village of 
Skaneateles, where, in addition to the more advanced English 
branches, he studied the Latin and Greek languages. 

In the winter of 1825 he went to Aurora, Erie County, N. Y., 
where his father had preceded him ; and the following winter, when 
fourteen years of age, he taught a district school in that township 
with marked success, and satisfaction to the district. Millard Fil- 
more, afterward President of the United States, was then one of 
the school inspectors for that township, and by him Mr. McKay 
was examined and received his certificate, certifying that he found 
him well qualified in moral character, learning, and ability to 
teach a district school, and also prepared to teach Latin. 

In 1828 he commenced the study of law in the office of Daniel 
Kellogg. He was admitted to the bar in 1832, when twenty-one 
years of age. 

He was married to Angelina J. Judd in the summer of 1833, and 
settled in Warsaw, Wyoming County, then a part of Genesee Coun> 
ty, N. Y., where he occupied a prominent place in his profession. 

He was twice elected to the office of District Attorney for Wy- 
oming County. He was a Christian gentleman, and a remarkable 
student of the Bible, biography, history, and general literature. 

He was a very strong advocate of temperance and very earnest 
in opposition to slavery (an avowed abolitionist). In the year 
of 1860 he removed ft^om Warsaw to Des Moines, la., where h^ 
was Agent for Iowa of the American Emigrant Company, of which 
company ex-Gov. Clark, of New York, was President. 

He died in th^ city of Des Moines in the month of May, 1866. 

Alexander Williams. 

Alexander Williams was bom in County Down, Ireland, July 30t 
1806; his parents were both born in the North of Ireland; his 
grandfather Williams was born in Wales; his mother was of a 
family of Presbyterians. His parents came to America when he 
was about two years old ; they settled on a farm in Pennsylvania, 
where they remained for some years, after which they removed to 
Nortlicaatorii Ohio, again settling on a farm. 



SC0TCH-IBI8H OF POLK COUNTY, IOWA. 177 

At the age of twenty- three he left the farm and parental home, 
and learned the millwright trade. Two years afterwards he 
bought a small mill property in Jefferson County, O., and the year 
following was married to Mary Jackson, of the same county and 
State, and whose father was born of Irish and mother of Scotch 
parents. 

Seven years later, after having rebuilt the mill, he sold the prop- 
erty and again bought a mill property in Gallia County, O. At the 
end of twelve years he rebuilt the mill, and five years later sold the 
property. In the fall of 1859, he bought what at that time was 
known as the Hall mill property, in Des Moines, la. In 1860 he re- 
built the mill, and also the milldam across the river. In 1873 he 
sold the property and did not again engage in the milling business. 
He had been for more than forty years engaged in the manufacture 
of flour in the three locations above mentioned, and had been fair- 
ly successflil in each. 

He WAS not a member of any Church, but fVom early education 
and training was a strict observer of the Sabbath, and always re- 
garded the Presbyterian as his home Church. He was always 
honorable in his dealings with others, cheerful in disposition, 
and warm in his friendships; yet decided and firm in his opinion. 
In politics he was a Eepubllcan. 

His wife died in January, 1862 ; and he, while looking after some 
land interests in the western part of this State (Iowa), caught a 
severe cold and died in his chair, of neuralgia of the heart. May 20, 
1878, and was buried in Des Moines; leaving only one son, John 
Jackson Williams, of Des Moines, la., a member of the Scotch-Irish 
Society of America. 

JiTDGE John Mitchell. 

The late Judge John Mitchell was bom of Scotch-Irish parent- 
age on the maternal side, in Claremont, Sullivan County, N. H., 
February 28, 1834. He was a son of Charles and Sylvia Mitchell; 
resided on the farm with his parents until seventeen years of age. 
He obtained his education in the district school and in the Military 
School of Vermont, at Norwich, and closed his education in Dart- 
mouth College. After leaving the college he came to Iowa in 1855. 
He was licensed to practice law, entered into the practice with 
Hon. D. O. Finch and the late lamented Gen. Marcellus M. Crocher, 
a Scotch-Irishman, whose parents came from Tennessee. After the 
dissolution of the firm he associated himself with the well-known 
12 



178 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA, 

firm of Brown and Dudley, and continued the practice until he was 
promoted to the Circuit Court bench. He remained on the bench 
for a number of yeai'8, discharging the duties of the judgeship with 
great care and to the satisfaction of the people. Prior to this, he 
was in 1861 appointed captain of a company raised for the purpose 
of protecting the Northwest from the depredations of the Indians 
who were molesting the settlers in that part of the State. Before 
he was elected to the judgeship, he was elected by the people of his 
adopted county a member of the House of Representatives, and 
served one term, making an active and influential member of that 
body of distinguished men. 

He was a man of the strictest integrity, upright and honorable 
in his dealings with his fellow-men. He died on the 28th of 
December, 1890. The papers of this city and the papers of the 
State made extended notices of his public career, sincerely re- 
gretting his untimely death, and stating that if his life had been 
spared he would have been promoted to the Supreme Court of the 
State. 

John D. McGlothlin. 

John D. McGlothlin was born in 1810, in Virginia; died on his 
farm in this county, April 27, 1878. Mr. McGlothlin was an early 
pioneer of Polk County, having settled here in the spring of 1846. 
He was one of the first men to feed cattle for the markets, and was 
one of the active, industrious farmers. He was one of the first 
county commissioners of the county, and held other responsible 
positions, always discharging every duty assigned to him faithfully. 
He was a consistent member of the Baptist Church during the 
greater part of his useful and honorable life. 

JuDQK William MoKay. 

Judge William McKay was bom December^ 1813, in the Territo- 
ry of Indiana, three years before the State was admitted into the 
Union. His opportunities for an education were poor, but he was 
very studious in his boyhood days. Managing to get books, he often 
read by firelight and dt leisure times when boys of his age would 
be idle or at play. The family returned to Kentucky, where they 
formerly lived before going to Indiana. While in Kentucky he 
worked a short time at the cabinet trade. He went from Kentucky 
to Evansville, Ind., where he was appointed a deputy clerk of the 
court. While in the clerk's office he commenced the study of law, 
but before completing the course he took a term of six months in 



SCOTCH-IRISH OF POLK COUNTY, IOWA, 179 

-school in Kentucky. After his admission to the bar he practiced 
in the town of Brochport, in Indiana, until his removal to the Ter- 
ritory of Iowa. He settled at Fairfield, whore he remained two 
years, waiting until the Indian *title to the land in this part of the 
country became extinct, which occurred in October, 1845. He then 
came to this place, called Fort Des Moines, continuing to practice his 
profession until he was elected judge of the Fifth Judicial District, 
serving as judge five years. The year after the expiration of his 
term as judge, he was elected Commissioner of the Des Moines 
Eiver improvement, at that time one of the first offices in the State, 
more important than the office of Governor. He finally moved to 
Denver, where he died six years ago at the age of seventy- four. 
His mother's maiden name was O'Keil. She died two years since at 
the age of one hundred and six years, less four months. The fami- 
ly were generally members of the Baptist Church, having joined 
the Kentucky Baptists while in that State. The McKays and 
O'Neils were originally Presbyterians. 

The Judge was an upright man ; was well thought of by his 
neighbors and acquaintances. One brother resides in this city, 
Hev. Uriah McKay, an exemplary man in good standing in the 
Baptist Church, but not in pastoral work at present, having retired 
some years since. Another brother is a prominent lawyer, Enoch 
McKay, of Louisville, Ky. Others of the family are doctoi's and 
ministers of the gospel. 

Hon. T. C. McCall. 

(Extract from a speech made by Hon. H. C. Boardman, in the Iowa Senate, 
of which Mr. McCall was a member at the time of his death in 1894.) 

I realize that nothing I can say will add to the high esteem and 
respect in which he was held by all in his own home and by his 
large circle of friends and acquaintances in the State; but on an oc- 
casion like this, although sad in itself, I consider it a pleasure, after 
fourteen years' personal acquaintance with the deceased, to express 
my own appreciation of his high character and qualities which 
made him an example as a citizen, legislator, and Christian man. 

Hon. Thomas Clifbon McCall, late a member of this Senate from 
the Thii-ty- first District, wad born in Boss County, O., September 
4, 1827; and was at the time of his death, which occurred August 
11, 1892, in his sixty-fifth year. He was the worthy descendant 
of patriotic ancestors. His paternal grandfather, Samuel McCall, 
was a faithful soldier in the Revolutionary War, in which his moth- 



180 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

er's father also fought with distinction under Gen. Nathanael 
Greene, flis father, Samucd W. McCall, was a soldier in the war 
of 1812, receiving honorable wounds in the battle of McQuaggy, at 
about the time of Hull's surrender. 

In 1836 his father left Ohio and settled in Fulton County, 111.^ 
where the family made their home for ten years. During this time 
young Mr. McCall was engaged in doing work upon the farm and 
in acquiring a good common school education. 

In 1846 Mr. McCall, then a young man of nineteen, came with 
his father to Polk County, la., and was engaged for some time in 
teaching school, and is said to have conducted the first school ever 
taught in this county east of the Des Moines Eiver. 

In 1851 he opened a mercantile establishment at La Fayette, in 
partnership with A. Y. Hull. Three years later he became the 
pioneer merchant of Eising Sun. 

In 1858 he removed to Nevada, Story County, which place con- 
tinued to be his home until the time of his death. He began deal- 
ing in real estate, and this continued to be his business until he en^ 
tered the Union army. 

Mr. McCall always took a deep and earnest interest in public 
affairs; and his general intelligence, business ability, and worth as a 
citizen soon made him a leader in the community where he lived. 
Accordingly he was elected in 1861 a member of the House in the 
Ninth General Assembly, in which body he took his seat and served 
with signal ability during the regular and extra sessions of 1862. 

When the storm of civil war burst forth, and brave men were 
rallying to the defense of country and flag, Mr. McCall, true to the 
example of a patriotic ancestry, volunteered his service to his coun- 
try. In October, 1862, he was sent to the front a quartermaster of 
the Thirty-second Iowa Infantry, with the commission of lieuten- 
ant, and on March 22, 1864, received from President Lincoln the 
appointment as assistant quartermaster general, with the rank of 
captain, in which capacity he served until November 27, 1865. 

Ketuming to Nevada, he again engaged in the real estate busi- 
ness, and continued to do his share as a citizen for the upbuilding, 
materially, socially, and educationally, of his town and county. 

In 1881 he was nominated by acclamation by the Eepublican 
county convention to represent his county in the Legislature. He 
was elected, and reelected in 1883, thus serving in the Nineteenth 
and Twentieth General Assemblies. 

Eeligiously he was an earnest and consistent member of the 



BCOTCH-IRISH OF POLK COUNTY, IOWA. 181 

Presbyterian Church, and socially a member of the I. O. O. F. and 
the G. A. E. 

As a man and a neighbor, he was held in the very highest esteem. 
He was an example of kindness, generosity, and fair dealing. In all 
his extensive business relations he so conducted his affairs and was 
fio just in his dealings that no one ever complained of being 
wronged. 

As the head of a family he was exceptionally kind and indulgent, 
always providing for the welfare and comfort of those depending 
on him. 

While the State has lost an able legislator, and his neighbors and 
friends a safe counselor and good citizen, his widow and children 
mourn a greater Iobb: that of a noble, generooB, tender husband ^nd 
father. 



CLOSING EXERCISES OP THE CONGRESS. 

AT THE TABERNACLE. 



Sunday Afternoon, June 10, 1894. 

Dr. Macintosh : 

The invocation prayer will be by Dr. McCaughan, of Winter- 
set, la. 

Dr. McCaugban: 

» 

Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, holiness becometh Thy house 
forever, and Thou art to be held in reverence by all them that are 
around'about Thee. We beseech Thee to pour out Thy spirit upon us, 
that we may worship Thee in spirit and in truth. Grant that we may 
have grace to sound Thy praise, making melody to Thee, the Lord, in 
our hearts. May we hear Thy word with reverence, as it is the word 
of the loving God unto us. Grant that Thy servant, in preaching Thy 
word, may have a message from Thyself to every one, and in mercy be 
pleased to grant to each of this great assemblage a blessing suited to 
their respective wants. We ask all in the name of Christ our Re* 
deemer. Amen. 

Anthem, Psalm xxiii. by the choir. 

Dr. George Macloskie: 

We shall read a portion of the thirty-third chapter of the second 
book of Chronicles ; also a short portion of the thirty-third chapter of 
Isaiah, from which the text is taken upon which you are to be addressed 
this afternoon. 

Prayer by Rev. J. O. Stevenson, D.D. 

Let us kneel in prayer. 

O Lord God, may Thy Hcily Spirit enter into our minds and enable 
us to worship Thee in spirit and in truth. Our Father, we adore Thee 
as a spirit eternal, unchangeable, in Thy wisdom, goodness, mercy, justice, 
and truth, and with our newer teaching of the New Testament we do 
adjure Thee as our Father, the Father of the Lord Jesus Christ, and 
worship Thee who hath loved us from the beginning and will love u» 
unto the end. O our Heavenlv Father, we pray for lands beyond the 
(182) 



CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE CONGRESS. 183 

^ea, where maybe an aged father thinks of his boy, and a mother re- 
members the girl that has gone beyond the ocean, that prays, maybe, 
in a distant land for these who are here. Bless them all for all they 
have lost in the sons and daughters that have gone across the sea. We 
pray for the children who live here in this land. May their feet ever 
walk in the paths in which their parents placed them. May they al- 
ways remember the house of God, the worship of God and love of God 
and the teachings of the Holy Scriptures. Our Heavenly Father, we 
thank Thee for our social natures and our power to organize in life. 
We thank Thee for the society here represented and ask Thy blessing 
upon it in these closing services. Wilt Thoit bless it in all its purposes 
and in all its aims? Bless every member of the society as we separate. 
May our memory of this city at all times be pleasant and be touche<1 
with the religious view that always belongs to the people represented 
here. Bless us at home; by Thy holy spirit go with us and guide us, 
and wilt Thou bless all these services and the words that shall be 
spoken, and lead us up to Thy heavenly place, and allow those that repre- 
sent us to go onward in the years that may be before us. We ask it all 
in Christ's name. Amen. 

Dr. Macintosh: 

Our designs, dear friends, in this especial service held upon the 
Lord's day immediately following the last meeting of our Congress, 
is that you who are the children, or grandchildren, or the descend- 
ants of Scotch and Scotch-Irish ancestors may have some true 
idea as to the form or character of these holy services that fed the 
piety and constructed that kind conscience, and determined for 
good these God-fearing men and women of the olden times. In the 
early years that formed religious habits and fixed the religions of 
these great peoples, for they were great, services were not frequent; 
ministers were compelled to journey from point to point, and hold 
special services at particular times and particular localities that cor- 
responded in some degree to what we would call now revival serv- 
ices, or protracted meetings, and in consequence of these necessities 
of the hour, the meetings were ofttimes continued for hours at a 
time. It is now some years past since about half past eight on a 
quiet Sabbath morning, I found myself overtaking a man advanced 
in life, who was steadily climbing one of the Southern shore hills. 
When 1 came up to him I found that he was wending his way to a 
great communion service in the Highlands, to which I myself was 
going. My journey on the occasion was only fifteen miles; but his 



184 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

was already twice that, and we had some miles, when I overtook 
him, still to go. He had started from his home on Saturday after- 
noon and walked until it came to be quite late in the evening, and 
then, gathering his plaid around about him, and finding a pillow on 
a stone or in the shelter of some large boulder, he rested for the 
night, and started again with the gray of the earliest daybreak. 
We journeyed on together. We went to the service, and the serv- 
ice began early in the Sabbath hours, and it continued until between 
seven and. eight o'clock at night. The people came for a special 
feast of fat things; all wine on the list well refined, and they got 
the finest of the wheat and wine of the country. One special ])art 
of these services is the careful and explicit explanation of the worti 
of God. Were we exactly to imitate the service we are striving to 
reproduce, Dr. Macloskie, as he read from that chapter in Chron- 
icles, and that portion of Isaiah, would have from time to time 
paused and reverently said, "Thus far is the word of God," and 
explained to you all in the version read, or that he, as the servant 
of God, believed desirable to be taken up for explanation. And 
then in the middle of the service, just as we have now, comes this 
point, and the Psalm that was to be sung would be read and ex- 
plained, and then, inasmuch as books were few, for the people were 
poor and books were high, the Psalm was lined out. For a long 
time it was lined out in a half line, and then came to be lined in a 
whole line, or as you might think from the copy you have placed 
in your hand, in two lines; but the old Scotch Psalm ought to be 
written in two long lines. As it was lined out it was sung, and so 
it went on until it was finished. 

Now let us open the program which has been placed in your hands 
and follow the reading of this metrical version of G^d's word, in 
many respects one of the most splendid versions that ever was 
made, its magnificence, strength, and rugged beauty being to my 
heart and ear very handsome and very sottening. This is a Psalm 
of shelter, and they were a people who needed a shelter; this is a 
Psalm that lies like a sweet valley between two stretches of guard- 
ian hills, and one stretch is God, and the other stretch is refuge. 
The first word in the prose version is " God,'* and the last word in the 
prose version is "refuge." And when you combine these two 
together you get what the soul needs — the living, pei-sonal, near- 
coming of God. With a heart of unbounded love he opens wide his 
heart and draws us home to our refuge. And this is the spirit of 
God speaking through the old Hebrew prophet, anticipating the 



CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE CONGRESS. 185 

words of that wonderful living God on the earth, when he said: 
"Come unto me, all ye that are heavy laden, and I will give 
you rest." Heturn unto thy rest, O my soul, for a jewel like unto 
thee God in his bounty has expressed. God ife our refuge and our 
strength, in straits a present aid. The Psalm breaks into three 
great parts: God is our refuge, the city of refuge, the people in 
their refuge. The first section stretches from the beginning of the 
first verse to the end of the third in this metrical version. These 
present to us a living shelter and hiding place for the soul. And 
how magnificently it meets the want. " Though hills amid the seas 
be cast; though waters roaring make, and troubled be; yea, though 
the hills by swelling seas do shake." One of these great storms that 
roll down on the Irish coast and sweep over the hills burst on the 
ear and eye of the Hebrew Psalmist. The storm rolls along and 
passes out of sight, but as it goes he remembers the storms of the 
personal life, the storms of the Church, the storms of the nation, 
those dark and tremendous tempests that seem to destroy all foun- 
dations, that sweep away our hopes, that take away from us our 
strongest purposes and make the strongest things melt away so 
that there is nothing left to us but God, and just as we seem 
about to sink the everlasting arms are round about us, and in the 
camp of the faithful the soul sings: "God is our refuge and our 
strength." It rang across battlefields, it was sung quietly in 
the tents, it was sung in holy measure before Both well Brig; I have 
heard it sung many a time over hallowed communion tables; I have 
heard it read and seen it stay the broken-hearted family when they 
were driven out from the old household across the sea, perchance to 
some of these Western fields; I have heard it read in the quiet acre 
of God as some old saint, the religious chief of his district, was 
laid away in God's keeping. Blessed truth, "God our refuge." 
Then there comes the city of refuge. "A river is, whose streams 
make glad the city of our God." 

There are two ideas of the Church intensely dear to our fore- 
fathers: the Church, God's home, the holy place where the Heaven- 
ly Father has his abode, and into which he gathers his children, 
where they may hear his voice and behold his face in Jesus C&rist. 
The great city of Jerusalem is his seat compactly built together; 
thither the tribe of God goeth, and that was in the heart of our 
forefathers. The Church, God's home to which all the children 
were welcome, the Church which God built and which man cannot 
-destroy, a seat that is itself on earth the prophecy and foretaste of 



186 THE B00T0H-IRI8H IN AMERICA. 

the eterDal Jerusalem, through the midst of which there rose the 
street which has its head and start in the throne of God and the 
Lamb, and through which runs the river of living water. O the safe- 
ty of it, for €rod in the midst of her doth dwell. Therefore nothing 
shall her move: "The Lord to her an helper will, and that right 
early, prove." Then comes the assault of the city. A tumult and 
gathering of those that want to sweep away God's people. "The 
heathen raged tumultuously." The natural storm has passed, but 
now comes the storm of bitter human persecution and all seems 
about to be ruined. " The Lord God uttered his voice, the earth 
did melt for fear." Can you wonder that the men and women both 
sang that great philosophy of safety where men and women of 
calm heart concurred? Once you take hold of God you learn to- 
say: "If God be for us who can be against us?" "The Lord of 
hosts upon our side doth constantly remain." It may be the little 
trouble of home; it may be the anxiety of a neighbor; it may be 
the great convulsions of a nation; it may be the persecution that 
sweeps like a great fire of destruction over the Church. Constant* 
ly on our side he remains, the God of Jacob. The world of the 
past with all its glorious history of deliverance begins to stand 
around the believing soul, and the God of the past is the God of the 
present, and will be the God of the future for evermore. Then you 
come to the people in the refuge. How quietly they rest; how con- 
tentedly satisfied they are; their fears are calmed; their hearts 
grow still ; their faith increases and their hopes broaden, and as they 
wait they wait on the Lord, for they know they shall not be put to 
shame. There follows then the sweet voice of command and com- 
fort: "Be still, just wait, give me time to show you what I am 
working. Be still, know that I am God." 

Dear friends, it was in the learning of those two lessons that you 
have the training of the Scotch and Scotch-Irish people in the deep, 
magnificent self-control and the splendid faith in the sovereignty 
of the loving God. "Among the heathen I will be exalted; I on 
earth will be exalted high." And they bent down and said: "The 
Lord reigneth, and let him reign; and then it rises calm, strong, in- 
spired, out of the city of refuge to the God of refuge ; and the peo- 
ple should rest in perfect safety because their minds are stayed 
upon Jehovah." It rises: "Our God who is the Lord of hosts ifl 
still upon our side; the God of Jacob our refuge forever will abide. 
I will never leave you nor forsake you; all the days I am with 
you." Now let us sing it as I line it out. 



CLOSING EXEBGISES OF THE CONGRESS. 187 

Psalm xlvi. was sang, Dr. Maclutosh lining it oat. 
Dr. McClelland, President of the Pacific College. Forest 
Grove, Greg., led in prayer. 

O Lord, God Almighty, Thoa who hast been the hope of Thy 
people in all generations, our father's Grod and oar God, we invoke 
Thy blessing upon us as we are met, a great company, this after- 
noon, to worship Thee. Especially would we ask that Thou wilt aid 
him who is to speak, that he may bring a message suited to our 
needs as Thou hast used his word and his thought many times to 
bless multidudes; O God, wilt Thou so use his word and thought 
this afternoon that we may be inspired to new living, and to new 
service; that there may be many who shall be born indeed new 
creatures in Christ Jesus, and to this end may the words of our 
mouths and the meditations of our hearts(be acceptable in Thy sight, 
O Lord, our strength and our Bedeemer. Amen. 

Dr. Hall's Sermon. 

Hear, ye that are far off, what I have done; and, ye that are near, ac- 
knowledge my might. 

The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. 
Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who arpong us shall 
dwell with everlasting burnings? 

He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth 
the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that 
stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing 
evil; 

He shall dwell on high ; his place of defense shall be the munitions of 
rocks: bread shall be given him; his waters shall be sure. 

Thine eyes shall see the King in his beauty: they shall behold the land 
that is very far off. 

Thine heart shall meditate terror. Where is the scribe? where is the re- 
ceiver? where is he that counted the towers? 

Thou shalt not see a fierce people, a people of a deeper speech than thou 
can^t perceive; of a stammering tongue, that thou canst not understand. 

Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: tliine eyes shall nee Jerusa- 
lem a quiet habitiition, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; not one 
of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords 
thereof be broken. 

But there the glorious Lord will be unto us a place of broad rivers and 
streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship 
pa.«s thereby. 

For the Lord is our judge, the Ijord ia our lawgiver, the Lord is our King; he 
will save us. — Isaiah xxmii. 13-BB. 

In this chapter of prophecy, as elsewhere, the Lord's dealings 
with his chosen people are made to typify his dealings with his 



188 THE BOOTCH-IBISH IN AMEBIGA. 

Church in succeeding ages when it was to include Jews and Gren- 
tiles. A great deliverance had been wrought for Hezekiah and 
his people when Sennacherib of Assyria was preparing to invade 
Jerusalem, and boasting that as the gods of other conquered na- 
tions had been unable to deliver their worshipers from Assyria, 
so would it be with Judah and the God worshiped by king and 
people. The narratives of 2 Kings xviii. and xix. and 2 Chron- 
icles xxxii. present the facts very vividly. The sudden death 
of Assyria's leaders by the angel's hand was followed by the giv- 
ing up of the siege, and soon after Sennacherib was murdered by 
his own sons at the altar of his god, an evidence of the impotence 
of that idol. 

Now in verse 13 of this chapter of Isaiah, a herald, as it were, in 
Ood's name, calls attention to the deliverance: "Hear, ye that are 
afar off," the Gentiles for example, "what I have done; and, ye 
that are near, acknowledge my might," the Hebrew people being 
"near." The effect upon some is described in verse 14: "The sin- 
ners in Zion," for there were such among the people, "are afraid; 
fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites." The}' realize the power 
of the God who rules all. They put the question to themselves: 
" Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? " " Our God 
is a consuming fire " was very fittingly written to the Hebrews. 
(Chapter xii. 29.) " Who among us shall dwell with such consum- 
ing fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?" 
Slumbering consciences are aroused. 

The reply of the prophet to the question deserves study in our 
day. It is to the effect that there is a way of being near to this 
God, and yet being safe. Yerse 15: " He that walketh righteous- 
ly, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the gain of oppres- 
sions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes," that flings 
the offered, corrupting gift from his hand as he would a serpent, 
" that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his 
eyes from seeing evil," he shall be safe. Nay, more, " he shall dwell 
on high," in perfect security, and with ample provision for his 
wants. (Verso 16.) The description of Jerusalem fortified against 
the Assyrians explains these figures. (2 Chron. xxxii. 4-6.) Then 
the prophet contrasts the actual condition of the people with what 
they feared. (Verses 18, 19.) They might well remember their 
fears, "meditate on their terror." Where is the officer recording, 
and where is the receiver collecting, taxes for their oppressors? 
Where is the soldier of the invading host counting the towers and 



CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE CONGRESS. 189 

planning the attack? There is no "fierce people" uttering their 
threjits in a stammering tongue, "a strange tongue," as in the Ee- 
vised Version. On the contrary, they can look on Zion, " the city 
of their solemnities," " a quiet habitation," a fixed place of worship, 
not like the tabernacle in the wilderness (verse 20), but safe and 
stable, for there "the glorious Lord will be" (verse 21), making it 
like a great city with wide rivers (see the allusion to water supply 
in 2 Chron. xxxii. 3, 4) and which do not let in hostile fleets. And 
then comes the glad conclusion to be reached by the devout mind : 
" For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is our lawgiver, the Lord is 
our King; he will save us." It has come to "acknowledge" his 
« might." (Yerse 13.) 

Now I have taken a great deal of time to explain this context; 
but you know that a minister's duty is not to take a text merely 
as a motto for his discourse, but for its exposition and a clear state- 
ment of the truth it contains; and the meaning is often to he clear- 
ly seen only in the light of the context. May the same conviction 
that is here expressed be deepened in the heart of each of us by the 
gracious teaching and power of the divine Spirit! 

We now look into the points settled in the minds of God's peo- 
ple as they study his ways. 

1. The Lord is our judge. In Isaiah ii. 4, " He shall judge amotJg 
the nations," we get the idea connected with the word "judge." It 
means supreme and sovereign control over the nations. Heathen- 
ism has had its national and its local deities, a god for the sea, a 
god for the winds, a god for the various regions, towns, and depart- 
ments of life. As against this polytheism, " the Lord is our judge." 
He leads the patriarchs, opens up Egypt to the Hebrews, gives them 
Canaan, employs the nations for his purposes, giving them pros- 
perity or adversity as seems good to him. Empires rise and fall at 
his will. The Caesars unconsciously carried out his purpose in rela- 
tion to the Messiah's coming, and the subsequent fall of Jerusalem, 
and the breaking up of the Jewish nation. He raises up Cyrus; he 
puts down Sennacherib. 

This sovereignty of Deity, taught so plainly through Scripture, 
accepted by the Christian leaders who have done the most for 
Christian truth, like Augustine and other fathers, like Luther, Cal- 
vin, Knox, and embodied in the creeds that followed the Eeforma- 
tion, such as the Westminster, the Thirty-nine Articles of the 
Church of England, the Heidelberg Catechism, and the like, is the 
only solution we can offer of many mysteries. Why has one na- 



190 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

tion civilization and Christianity, and another the darkness of 
heathenism ? 

The nation that is so blessed must say like the individual: "It is 
the gift of God." It is not meant by the sovereignty that God 
acts without reason, or that he does not give freedom to men. It 
means that he has his own reasons and that, mysterious as it may 
seem, h^ uses his sovereign power without violence to man's will or 
lessening of man's responsibility. 

" He is our judge ; " and so when Puritans and Irish Presbyteri- 
ans have to leave their own lands God provides a home for them 
here; and when Christianity is to be set up and to supplant heathen 
barbarism on this continent a fitting body of settlers is found and 
brought across the ocean. 

He is judge, and the Protestant Churches of the world are now 
trying to influence governments to forego wars, to dispense with 
costly fleets and armies, and to settle international disputes by ar- 
bitration in which justice and the law of God might be respected, 
and bloody contests, which determine only physical and not moral 
matters, be put aside. Let us pray for that time when his rale 
over the nations shall be owned, and when " nation shall not lift up 
sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." (Isa. 
ii. 4.) 

2. The Lord is our lawgiver^ or statute maker. You will remem- 
ber that it is the people of the Lord who speak here, and that they 
are referring specially to their relation to Zion. He. makes the 
statutes that bind his people. The Hebrew Church had the law 
given through Moses. Prophets expounded and applied it; and 
when the people forgot and forsook it, they gave the scathing re- 
bukes you often read, announced the coming penalties upon the 
lawbreakers, and the ultimate abolition of their dispensation. God 
has spoken to the world in our dispensation, " Go ye into all the 
world; " and the New Testament is for all, Jew and Gentile. Many 
of you learned as children — and I wie*h that the generation rising up 
learned it also — that " the Word of God, which is contained in the 
Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to direct 
us how we may glorify and enjoy him" — t. g., God. 

Tradition and the Church tell us how men have understood, and 
how they now understand the laws he gave. Eeason can employ 
itself in examining the evidences of Christianity just as an officer 
getting a dispatch from his commander can employ his reason in 
deciding as to its genuineness; but having become satisfied that it is 



CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE CONGRESS. 191 

what is claimed for it, then he has to obey its orders. So it is with 
the law the Lord has given to man. He is our lawgiver, and we 
are bound to obey him. 

Here now, brethren, is a practical truth for you. There is a cry 
in some quarters for " ethical " teaching, which is not reasonably 
distinguished from the teaching of doctrine. I say not reason- 
ably, for they two, doctrine and ethics, go together. What would 
be thought of a medical student who protested against the teaching 
of anatomy, and declared: "I want to be a surgeon; I do not need 
these tiresome accounts of bones and muscles and joints and parts 
-of the body not as large as my finger; I want to know how to use 
my knife and perform operations? " "Ah, my dear sir," the sensi- 
ble professor would say, " you need this knowledge of the mechan- 
ism of the body if you are to be able to operate." So we are to 
know God's law, to understand his teaching that we may do it. 
Are you aiming at this understanding? Do you study God's law? 
Are you trying to obey it? — not the world, not society, not self, 
not the prince of the power of the air, but the law of the Lord? 
And are you trying in every part of your life, business, social, do- 
mestic, religious, to know God's law and to do it? Are you trying 
;as citizens in your places to uphold it — as, for example, touching the 
Lord's day; as, for example, touching integrity, purity, and patriot- 
ism in civil aifairfe? Are you trying, as members of God's Church, 
to maintain the statutes and judgments he has given? Do you la- 
bor to have Zion as he founded it by inspired apostles, and to per- 
petuate in the world the Church life prescribed and illustrated in the 
New Testament? We hear much now and then about "apostolic 
succession," but the true succession to the apostles is in the teach- 
ing of their doctrines and the maintenance of the machinery of the 
Church as they directed. So we " are built upon the foundation of 
the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief cor- 
ner stone." (Eph. ii. 20.) This our fathers, along with Huguenots, 
Hollanders, Waldenses, and indeed what we call the "primitive 
Church," tried to do. Setting aside the high-sounding titles given to 
ecclesiastics, because there was no mention of them and no reason 
for them in the New Testament, they said, in defiance of State 
authority, that in all matters pertaining to Zion " The Lord is our 
lawgiver." 

3. The Lord is our King. It is kingship in Zion that is here em- 
phasized. That was not unknown in the Old Testament, though 
:mo8t fully developed in the New. The second Psalm sets it forth. 



192 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Jews and Gentiles combine against the Lord and his anointed, and 
try to get rid of divine control; but Jehovah sets the King of his 
appointment, his repi'esentative, on his holy hill of Zion (verse 6), 
and promises to him, as his son, the heritage of the heathen. Car- 
rying out the divine plan, that King says to his apostles: "All 
power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, 
and teach all nations." (Math, xxviii. 18, 19.) Nor is his rule sim- 
ply that of law ; it is personal : " Lo, I am with you alway, even 
unto the end of the world." (Verse 20.) 

This is the basis of the headship of Christ, a phrase familiar and 
dear to our fathers when the spirit of God enlightened them. 
There had been a recognized head of the Church in Eonie. En- 
gland rejected that head, but accepted instead the monarch on hi& 
throne. "Nay," said the Scottish Eeformers, "that cannot be. 
The Church has a divine Head, omnipotent and omnipresent, and 
we must not give his glory to another.'* So real and so vital did 
this seem to them that they were willing and able to lay down 
their lives for Christ's crown. Nor was the struggle vain. Reli- 
gious liberty was secured at length,, and the principles to which 
they bore witness told on the succeeding generations, and the histo- 
rians now tell us plainly that they formed the Constitution of the 
nation now owning this continent and influencing the civilization 
of the world. To the English Puritans, at thef Hampton Court 
Conference, as they stood up for freedom of conscience and what 
they believed to be scriptural ordinances. King James said : " You 
are aiming at a Scot's Presbytery, which agrees with monarchy as 
well as God and the devil." (Bancroft's "History of the United 
States," Yol. I., p. 296.) The Scottish people who moved over 
to Ireland endeavored to "render to Crosar the things that are 
Cffisar's, and to God the things that are God's." The Irish nobles 
had rebelled against England, and in consequence were dispossessed 
of their estates. The land was divided up among loyal Scotchmen 
and Englishmen on condition of their finding fitting tenants, and 
making the necessary improvements, such as building castles to 
form military strongholds. Many of the tenants were Scottish men 
of good character and religious convictions. Although the English 
Episcopal Church was established by law and endowed, they called 
ministers from their native land and had flourishing churches. 

An incident in their history may illustrate the .spirit in which 
they labored. A Mr. Blair came over to Bangor, County Down, 
preached three Sabbaths, and was heartily called by the Church. 



CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE CONGRESS. 193 

But how was ho to be ordained? The bishop of the diocese said to 
him, for ho knew his attitude toward prelacy: "Whatever you ac- 
count of episcopacy, you account presbytery to have divine war- 
rant; will you not receive ordination from Mr. Cunningham and 
the adjacent brethren, and let mo come in among them in no other 
relation than a presbyter." This he could not refuse, and bo the 
matter was settled. Here is an old world way of adjusting the 
matter of union which is being discussed at the present time. The 
policy of Archbishop Usher, primate of Ireland, and of Bi.««hop 
Echler would, if carried forward, have saved many troubles and loss- 
es to Protestantism. 

The seven ministers who laid the foundation of the Presbyteri- 
an Church in Ireland are now represented by a Church of over 
six hundred congregations, making Ulster the one prosperous and 
peaceful province of the land, and bearing eifective testimony to 
the truth of the gospel and the missionary responsibility of the 
Lord's people. We cannot but be interested in it, for, as you 
know, its members founded Presbyterianism in these United 
States; and the Tennants, Hodges, Alexanders, and many others 
of her prominent sons came from the same island. The members of 
that Church are, in more than one sense, our brethren; let us give 
them intelligent sympathy in everj^ struggle in which they have to 
engage for the maintenance of civil and religious liberty. They are 
loyal to the Master; they feel and say: "The Lord is our King." 

And now we come to the conclusion of this conden«;ed creed: 
" He will save us." Doubtless the idea is not of salvation in its 
wide sense, but of preservation. We are His creatures, His sub- 
jects, and He will guard and defend us. But this preservation is 
linked with the saving in the highest sense. God is supreme and 
sovereign, and can, if He will, send a deliverer for fallen men. He 
can pass by fallen angels and rescue an innumemble multitude from 
the itice of men on this earth. He can fix the conditions of re- 
demption, give his Son to be Redeemer, and constitute a Church 
under* his headship, whose members will own him as lawgiver. 
He can by his gracious words justify the assurance: "He will save 
us." "He that spared not His own Son, but delivered him up for 
us kU, how shall He not with Him also freely give us all things?" 
We iitjed not, as individuals, fear the world, or the devil, or death. 
We need not, as a Christian community, fear the world. There 
may be enemies to Zion, open and secret. There may be substitutes 
for th« truth plausibly presented to men. There may be strifes and 
13 



194 THE SCOTOH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

divisions for a time. Ephraim may envy Judah and Judah vex 
Bphraim;' but the God of peace, who gave the Church to Christ, 
and Christ for the Church, will not forsake His own. He will build 
the temple and bear the glory. He who said on the cross, "It is 
finished" — that is, " the atoning work is done" — ^will go on as Kuler 
and King until all enemies shall be put down, and His kingdom 
shall extend to the ends of the earth; yea, He will go on conquer- 
ing and to conquer until, after the judgment day, and the decisions 
from the great white throne, the new heavens and the new earth 
are completed and filled with righteousness. The Lord hasten this 
work; and to His name, in Christ, be the priiisel Amen. 

Prayer by Dr. Magoon. 

God Almighty, our Heavenly Father, let Thy blessing rest upon 
us who are gathered together here. Dwell in the families of Thy 
people, and let the sense of Thy presence there make the atmos- 
phere sweet and pure. Be with Thy servants who are comparative 
strangers here. O Lord God, guide their steps, guide their ways, 
and preserve them from errors of judgment and from all practical 
mistakes, and enable them to put themselves in Thy hands that 
they may be conducted by Thee in the way of safety and prosperi- 
ty. God Almighty, let Thy blessing rest upon this city; give the 
rain, we pray Thee, as it is needed, and let there be in Thy good- 
ness abundant and fruitful harvests. Bless this city, and make ita 
inhabitants seek, above all things else, that they be citizens of the 
New Jerusalem. Let Thy blessing rest upon this country, the land 
into which Thou hast called us, and which we have adopted. Let 
wisdom be given to the President of the United States; direct him 
in everything affecting his duty. May wisdom and direction be 
given to the Governor of the State, and to all called to places of 
trust and confidence by the voice of their fellow-citizens; give them 
wisdom and foresight, conscientiousness, fidelity, and capacity for the 
highest services. And teach these people to respect proper authori- 
ty, and make the fruits of righteousness so abundant in national 
life that we shall be enabled to commend our Christianity, the god- 
.liness of our forefathers, to the tribes and kindred of our race all 
over the earth. Lord, hear us in this petition. Lord, forgive us 
our offenses, for Jesus Christ's sake, and accept us in Him; and the 
glory be to Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Amen. 

Dr. McConnell led in singiug verses 1, 2, 9, 11, 13, 14, and 
16 of Psalm xci. 



CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE CONGRESS. 



195 



The benediction was pronounced by Rev. James Small: 

Blessed Christ, Thou son of the loving God, we do thank Thee 
that Thou didst drink to the bitter dregs the cup of suffering, that 
we might be redeemed from death and from sin and the grave, and 
unto Him who loved us, and washed us from our sins with His own 
blood, that made us kings and priests unto God, to His Father and 
to Him be glory and honor and power and dominion, world without 
end. Amen. 



THE KENTUCKY STATE SOCIETY. 



The following descriptiou of an entertainment given last 
summer to the Scotch-Irish Society of Kentucky is copied 
from the Illustrated Kentuckian, and is republished here as 
an indication to other State societies of what can be done 
to make their meetin'gs pleasant socially as well as interest- 
ing historically. To Mr. R. L. Watts, the active and intelli- 
gent Secretary of the Society, is largely due the interest 
which is manifested by the Scotch-Irish of Kentucky in their 
organization and the success of its gatherings. 

The entertainment of the Scotch-Irish Society of Kentucky by 
Mr. and Mrs'. John F. Henry at their beautiful country place near 
Louisville was far and away the most brilliant social event of the 
season. 

"Quarry Hill" was in gala attire to receive the guests. The 
lawn and entire house were docked in the Scotch-Irish colors and 
national flags, and flowers sent a delicious fragrance into the air. 
Mr. and Mre. Henry welcomed their guests with the grace of man- 
ner that is characteristic of them. 
I They were assisted in receiving by their charming daughters, 

who certainly have inherited the hospitable graces of their par- 
ents. 

After a brief business session the guests gave themselves in joy- 
ous surrender to the occasion and a delightful acceptance of all it 
afforded. 

The tables were set on the wide, rolling lawn, where the mellow 
light of Chinese and Japanese lanterns shed a beautiful glow over 
the whole. 

Mr. R. A. Watts acted as master of ceremonies, and right royally 
did he preside. Numerous toasts were responded to in the happi- 
est possible manner, and a restful informality characterized the 
evening. Those who responded to toasts were: Col. Bennett H. 
Young, Judge Horatio Bruce, Dr. W. T. Witherspoon, Messrs. W. T. 
Grant, E. C. Kinkead, J. D. Taggart, Helm Bruce, Mike Muldoon, 
Rev. Rennie, of Louisville, Emma Walker Herr, of Lexi nekton. 

One of the most delightful features of the affair was the singing 
(196) 



THE KENTUCKY STATE SOCIETY. 197 

of Scotch and Irish ballads, with guitar accompaniment, by Misses 
Anita and Margaret Muldoon. Pleasant adjectives are easily ex- 
hausted in any attempt to describe the delightfulness of the enter- 
tainment. From the first to the very last it was an embarrass- 
ment of riches, from which one shrinks in despair of ever being 
able to adequately describe. That such an occasion should be eva- 
nescent like a rainbow or a beautiful sunset gives one a sentimen- 
tal heartache. But it will linger in memory for long years to come, 
like the perfume that exhales from a jar of roses though the day of 
their blooming is past. 

It was delightful to meet as members of the same race, as de- 
scendants of one family, and exchange reminiscences; to look back 
over the past and recall memories of those who were largely instru- 
mental in making this the glorious country that it is. The proud 
Scotch-Irishman is frequently laughed at — in a good-natured way, 
of course — for boasting of his ancestry. Certainly we should be al- 
lowed to indulge a trifle of honest boasting, since we have a right to 
be proud of our royal ancestry. Down deep in the nature of every 
man, as a practical part of his character, lies a substantial regard 
for the blood of his ancestry, and underlying the courage and ambi- 
tion of every race is a religious respect for its history. 

Without such principle in human nature we should have no 
memoirs of Grant and Sherman and Sheridan; no historians like 
Hume, Macaulay, or Froude, or our own revered Bancroft. The 
present finds its inspiration in the past, its zeal, its poetry, and sen- 
timent, and its animating hope for the future. 

Humanity knows few virtues of which the Scotch-Irishman is 
not the legatee. Celtic daring and thrift, Saxon energy and enter- 
prise, and Norman pride— all these, with a Scotch enviroument of 
birth, an Irish environment of hard experience, have ripened under 
the sun of American enterprise and prosperity into the American 
Scotch-Irishman who to-day figures in every sphere where his char- 
acteristic virtues count, and figures always well up to the front. 

It is an inspiration to know that there flows through our veins 
the blood of such a people. They are so connected with our nation- 
iil history that without them the column of American greatness 
would only be a tottering skeleton. 

Through them we are given the marvelous civilization of to-day. 
To the Scotch-Irish of the South is due the honor of framing the 
£rst declaration of American independence. 



198 THE SCOTCH-IRISH SOCIETY OF AMERICA. 

It is a heavy burden we bear; we carry the weighted honors 
and deeds of a shining ancestry, and we are making the coming^ 
centuries for our kith and kin. Our work for posterity is the only 
good coin with which we can pay our heavy debts to our ancestry. 
We may crown the dead with undying laurels by the garlands of 
hope and inspiration we bind around the brows of the firstborn. 
Then shall not we, the descendants of this noble race, strive to give 
to our own posterity a heritage still fairer and grander than they 
have given to us. 

It is the day of monument making, and well it is so. Bare mon- 
uments we may rear for our land and for the wide and hopeful fu- 
ture, if only immortal and influential we make our old ancestral 
principles, for then from mother's knee and father's side will go out 
the future generations of our great old line to hear God's call in 
every fresh blast, and do God's work on each fresh field of duty. 

While we are proud of our ancestry, let us not forget that reli- 
ance on ancestry yields only disgrace; responsibility to ancestry 
yields dignity. Eeliance on ancestry breeds idleness; responsibility 
to ancestry breathes inspiration. Eeliance on ancestry may make 
you but the waster of undeserved good ; responsibility to ancestry 
may make you the wearer of an immortal crown. B. W. H. 



THE CARLTSLES. 



Andrew Carlisle, Sr., Grbat-qrandfathbr. 

Unfortunately for those of the present generation, who to-day 
are upon the scene of the world's action, the Carlisle family have 
been poor family historians. Three generations back have been 
traced, and the Carlisle history begins with Andrew Carlisle, Sr., 
and Eleanor, his wife; of these the knowledge, though meager, is 
satisfactory. As far back as we may go into the family lineage we 
find no stain, no blemish, upon the fair name of Carlisle. Irish 
and Scotch nins the blood, but there is none of the low or ignoble 
mingled therein. Andrew Carlisle, great-grand father of C. A. Car- 
lisle, a. member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America, was born of 
dissentinfir Protestant parents, in the parish of "Termon McGwik," 
County Tyrone, North of Ireland, and with his wife, Eleanor, and 
his son John, emigrated to America in 1789. He settled in Pennsyl- 
vania, and in 1798 removed to Chillicothe, Ross County, O., where 
he lived until 1821. In this year both husband and wife died, and 
were buried in the Presbyterian graveyard, on Main Street, at Chil- 
licothe, O. The grandparents were a most kindly people, and are 
well remenibered in the pioneer history of the early settlements of 
Ohio, and particularly for their tenderness toward all. On the oc- 
casion of the visits of their grandchildren to them, they would say, 
"Here comes the bairns; " always addressing them as " the bairns." 
Records of the early history give incidents of their identit}', ster- 
ling character, and great public service. 

Andrew Carlisle, Sr., was Past Grand Master of the Grand 
Charter of Royal Arch Super Excellent Masons, of Lodge No. 679, 
of Ballygawley registry of Ireland. He was of excellent standing, 
as is evidenced by testimonials and certificates of membership, giv- 
en under seal by the High Priest and other officers of said lodge, 
under date of May 6^, 1789. Those old Masonic papers are now in 
the possession of C. A. Carlisle, of South Bend, Ind., and are said to 
be among the oldest, if not the oldest, in the United States. Other 
letters of high regard as testimonials are from James Kerr, Dissent- 
ing minister, and from Andrew Coohran, curate and one of his 
Majesty's justices. 

Andrew Carlisle and his wife lived to see their son John grow rich 
and well married, and their beloved grandchildren gather around 

(199) 



200 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

their knees. The lives of husband and wife ebbed peacefully away, 
having reached the full measure of years. A full rounded life, its 
work well done, and then to Ho tranquilly back and await the com- 
ing of the end, how sweet and calm the picture! Truly blessed 

is such an end. 

John Carlisle, Sr. 

High and patriotic testimonials are left as tribute to the honor 
and life of this Christian, public-spirited gentleman. Ho was a 
warm, pci*sonal, and intimate friend of Henry Clay. He married 
Elizabeth Mann, of Chillicothe, O., April 30, 1801, Rev. Mr. Speer, 
of the First Presbyterian Church, officiating. Their children were: 
Andrew, William Mann, John, Jr., Henry Nelson, James, Alexander 
(died an infant), Meade Woodson Clay, Eleanor Ann, Elizabeth 
Mann, Lucy Mary, Nancy Julia. He always wore a cue, and 
always persisted in this peculiar style of dressing his hair, until his 
death, which occurred July 19, 1847, at the homestead on Main 
Street. Every morning he had his hair dressed, and his cue braided 
and tied with a black ribbon, by Jim Eichards, a mulatto barber. 
His hair was black and made a braid about two feet long. 

The following obituary notice was taken from the Scioto Gazette 
of July 21, 1847, Chillicothe: 

Died. — In this city about one o'clock a.m., on Monday last, after a short 
and painful illness, in the peventy-eixth year of his age, John Carlisle, Sr., 
Esq. The deceased for the last fiirty years has been one of the most active 
and useful citizens of Chillicothe. He settled here about 1792, and soon en- 
tered upon a successful and extenf^ive mercantile career, which was contin- 
ued until after the late war with Great Britain. During the struggle, in 
which the people of the Scioto Valley warmly participated, Mr. Carlisle on 
more than one occasion ma<le large advances to the government, both of 
goods and provisions, and thus contributed material aid to the country. 

In his mercantile transactions he was distinguished for liberality to debt- 
ors and promptitude to creditors, and ever combined the character of a 
public-$>pirited citizen, high-minded gentleman, and enterprising merchant. 
For the last twenty-five years Mr. Carlisle has devoted much of his atten- 
tion to the interests of this town and county. 

In the a Idres^ pu))lished in our Inst paper by the judges of the Court of 
Common Pleiis for this county, ample testimony is borne to his philantl tropic 
and liberal course. His services as Commissioner of Rosa County continued 
to the Hay of iiis death, and have l)een of marked utility. In the dis liarge 
of the different duties of that office, he probably gave just offenpe to none. 

Mr. Carlisle was ever an ardent and honest politician, none more un- 
compromising: of principle, none more lenient to the convictions of others 
than he. 

We trust that some contemporary of Mr. Carlisle will furnish our citv 



THE CARLISLES. 201 

preae with a suitable notice of the life and career of this aged and respected 
citizen. He was one of the few men of the olden time who have been 
spared to the present generation, as examples of integrity and manly virtue. 
Mr. Carlisle was the father of a numerous family, all of whom yet living 
occ!upy respectable positions in society. He leaves an aged relict, with 
whom he has lived a faithful and loving husband for nearly half a century. 
His funeral was attended yesterday by the Masonic fraternity and a large 
concourse of citizens, including the municipal authorities. 

In the August number of the Gazette appeared the following 
clipping: 

Judge Bailhacke was formerly the editor of the Sdotn Gazette, and at 
this writing is the proprietor and editor of the AUon (111.) Telegraph, and 
thus disoourseth upon seeing the notice of the death of the late Mr. Carlisle: 
" Passing away. The following obituary notice extracted from the last Scio- 
io Gazette^ a newspaper the name of which recalls to us the many paasing 
incidents of the olden times, announces the death of an old and much-valued 
friend. We became personally acquainted with the late Mr. Carlisle in 1812, 
iind know that his great worth as a man, and his eminent usefulness and 
public spirit as a citizen are not here overrated. To him more perhaps than 
to any other individual is the beautiful city of Chillicothe indebted for many 
of its improvements ; and notwithstanding his advanced age, his death may 
justly be considered a great loss to the community among whom he so long 
resided. The friends of our youth are parsing away, one after another, and 
their departure from the stage of human action earnestly admonishes us that 
our own cannot be far distant" 

Meade Woodson Clay Carlisle, 

youngest son of John and Elizabeth Mann Carlisle, was bom at 
Chillicothe, Boss County, O., October 26, 1828; educated in the 
•common schools and at the Academy of Chillicothe. After school 
-days he engaged in the lumber business, owning a large sawmill 
itnd five thousand acres of timber land at the mouth of Sun Fish 
Creek, in Pike County, O., on the Ohio Canal. After the fire of 
1852, Mr. Carlisle sold the majority of the lumber and aided mate- 
rially in rebuilding Chillicothe. He sold out in 1855 and spent sev- 
-eral years in traveling and prospecting. He was appointed from 
the ranks during the war by Gov. Dcnnison, as sutler for the 
"Thirty-first O. V. I., continuing until the close of the war. After 
the war he engaged in the wholesale grocery business at Chillicothe 
and Cincinnati, O., with a branch at Memphis, Tenn., supplying the 
five government hospitals with all kinds of food; closed out the gro- 
<5ery business in 1867, and in 1876 engaged in the flouring and mill- 
ing business at Worthington, Nobles County, Minn., and in 1883, with 
Ills family, he moved to Cleveland, O., and rotii'ed from active business. 



202 THE SC0TCH-IBI8H SOCIETY OP AMEBIOA. 

Mr. Carlisle married Emma V. Barr, daughter of John H. Barr^ 
of Wilmington, Del., September 1, 1859, a lady of marked beauty, 
rare culture and virtues, and to-day lives the life of a true Christian, 
and a blessing to the community; ever charitable, kind, and gener- 
ous; surrounded :w^ith the comforts of life, enjoying the blessing of 
seeing their children grow up around them, and each for himself 
carving out successftilly life's work. 

The children are as follows: Henry Nelson, died in childhood; 
William Woodson, manufacturer of varnishes and chemicals, Chica- 
go; Charles Arthur; Isabella Barr, only daughter, resides with her 
parents; John Andrew, Harvard student; Addison Alexander, elec- 
trical engineer, was in charge of an extensive and important division 
of the electrical construction and lighting of the World's Columbian 
Exposition, Chicago, 1893, including the famous Peristyle, Casino, 
Music Hall, and Grand Basin; Meade B. and McLain E., twins, both 
died in infancy; Aobert S., a student in the public schools of Cleve- 
land, O. 

The family are all active members of the Presbyterian Churchy 
and in the communion of this Church they have been faithful and 
devoted for many yeara. 



Ifi MEMOHIAM. 



GEN. W. H. GIBSON. 



Gen. W. H. Gibson, one of the mo-if distinguished members of 
the Scotch-Irish Society of America, died at his home in TiflSn, 
O., November 22, 1894. Those members of the Society who at- 
tended the Springfield Congress will never forget his wonderfully 
eloquent address on Gen. Arthur Sinclair, and all were disappointed 
that ill health and lack of time prevented him from furnishing the 
manuscript of his address for publication. The following sketch 
of his career is from the Cadiz (O.) Republican: 

" Gen. William H. Gibson was born in Jefferson County, O., on 
May 16, 1822. On the father's side the blood was of Scotch-Irish 
extraction, and on the mother's Welsh. 

"His father was John Gibson, born and brought up in Scott 
County, Ky. His mothei*'s maiden name was Coe. When young 
Gibson was five months old, his parents moved to Seneca County, 
and spent the remainder of their days there. John Gibson was a 
farmer, and brought up &is family in the discharge of the ordinary 
routine duties of rural life. William received hia education in the 
common schools of the neighborhood, and also spent two years at 
Ashland Academy. He afterwards learned and worked at the trade 
of a carpenter. For this occupation he had but little taste or fit- 
ness, for just as soon as his intellectual horizon began to widen un- 
der the influence of books and contact with the world, he longed for 
something to employ his mind and hands that waH more congenial. 
This he found in the study of the law and in public speaking. 

"He settled in Tiffin in 1843, and resided there until his death. 
He was married May 25, 1847, to Martha M. Creeger, four children 
being bom to the couple, two sons and two daughters. The sons 
are both dead. The daughters are still living. ^ 

"When the war broke out William H. Gibson was at the very 
height of his fame as an attorney and powerful stump speaker 
He at once organized the Forty-ninth Ohio Eegiment at Tiffin, un- 
der special orders from the Secretary of War, and became its colonel. 
It started from Camp Noble to Camp Dennison on September 10, 
1861, received its equipments on the 21st, and moved for Louisville, 
Ky., where it arrived the next day and reported to Gen. Bobert 
Anderson. It was the firdt organized body of troops to enter Ken- 

(203) 



"204 THE SC0T0H-IRI8H IN AMERICA. 

tucky from the North, and boeame the nucleDs of that magnificent 
host which afterward became the far-famed fighting array of the 
CumberJand. From the banks of the Ohio to those of the Cumber- 
land and the Tennessee; from Shiloh's bloody woods to the capture 
of Atlanta — in all the marches, skirmishes, and battles of that army 
he was never found wanting in the hour when duty called. 

'< His first battle was at Pittsburg Landing, where he had three 
horses shot from under him, and was finally carried off the field 
sufiering from a terrible bayonet wound. He commanded a 
brigade for more than two years. He served under McCook at 
Shiloh, under Johnson at Stone's Eiver and Tullahoma, and under 
Wood in all the battles from Chattanooga to Atlanta. He was 
<;om mended by ev^ry superior in the reports of all the campaigns 
and battles in which he served. He was never reprimanded, re- 
proached, complained of, nor criticised by any superior in the army. 
He was the Whig candidate for attorney general iu 1853, but was 
defeated. He was elected Treasurer of State in 1855 and resigned 
in 1857. He quit the practice of law in 1872, and applied himself 
to railroad enterprises. He was Adjutant General of Ohio, under 
Gov. Foster, and at the time of his death was postmaster at Tiffin. 

*' Gen. Gibson took a very conspicuous part in all campaigns 
«ince the organization of the Bepublican party. He was one of the 
grandest and most eloquent orators of this country, and could move 
his audience from laughter to tears at will. Politically he was 
reared an antislavery Whig, and attended the first national conven- 
tion at Pittsburg in February, 1856. He participated in twelve 
presidential contests, speaking in Maine, Massachusetts, New 
Hampshire, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, 
'Tennessee, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. During 
the campaign of 1884 he received a special invitation from James 
-G. Blaine to stump the State of Maine with him, which he accepted. 
After their tour, Blaine said that he never knew of a man who spoke 
to<he people of his State who was so much admired as was Gen. Gib- 
son. Had he lived, he would have put William McKinley in nomi- 
nation for the presidency. 

"As a minister, Gen. Gibson was scarcely less known than a sol- 
dier and orator. He was a regularly licensed clergyman of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, and has seen considerable service in 
the work of that organization. He had been a feature of the Lan- 
•caster camp meeting for several years, and was esteemed one of the 
greatest pulpit speakers that appeared at the gatherings.'* 



JUDGE J. W. McDILL. 



Judge J. W. MgDill, one of the first and most honored of the^ 
members of the Scotch-Irish Society of America, died of typhoid 
fever at his home in Creston, la., on the 28th of February, 1894, in 
his sixtieth year. At the time of his death he was a member of the 
Interstate Commerce Commission. ' He was prominent in State and 
national politics, had served as district judge, member of Congress, 
and United States Senator, in addition to the office held at the time 
of his death. A sketch of his life will appear in future volumes of the 
Scotch-Irish in America; but no greater tribute could be paid to his 
memory than to repeat the declaration of Col. Morrison and Iowa's 
Senators. 

Col. William E. Morrison, President of the Interstate Commerce 
Commission, says: "In the death of Judge McDill the Interstate 
Commerce Commission loses one of its most industrious and compe- 
tent workers. Judge McDill was an exceptionally learned man, 
and had devoted a great deal of time and attention to the consider- 
ation of the duties of the commission from the date of his appoint- 
ment until his recent illness unfitted him for active participation in 
the work. He was one of the ablest and most conscientious of 
public officials." 

Senator Allison says : " The State of Iowa has lost one of her 
most distinguished and honorable citizens. I have known Judge 
McDill for many years, and when he was my colleague in the sen- 
ate our relations were exceptionally intimate and friendly. Upon 
all occasions he was a strong man, and^ a good man in every posi- 
tion to which he was called in public life, while he was exemplary 
in a high degree in his private life." 

Senator Wilson says: "Judge McDill was a man of superior abili- 
ty and attainments, and was blessed with a disposition to ascertain 
that which was right upon all occasions and to act according to his 
conscience at all times. I think that every one who knew him will 
feel in his death a personal loss." 

(206) 



JUDGE JAMES D. ARMSTRONG. 



Jambs Dillon A&mstronq, the son of Hon. William Armstrong 
and his wife, Elizabeth McCarty, was born in Hampshire County, 
Va., September 23, 1821. He was of Presbyterian lineage and of 
Scotch-Irish descent. He was the fifth James, and in the seventh 
generation in regular descent from James Armstrong, who in 
1666 forfeited his estate and escaped from Annandale, Dumfries- 
shire, Scotland, to County Down in the North of Ireland, where he 
afterward continued to live, because he had taken part in the rising 
of the Covenanters at the battle of Pentland Hills. 

His father, the Hon. William Armstrong, represented his district 
in Congress from 1825 to 1833. 

His mother was the daughter of Col. Edward McCarty, an offi- 
cer in the Revolutionary Army under Gen. Washington, and pres- 
ent at the surrender of Lord Comwallis. 

In 1849 he was married to Anne Waterman, daughter of Rev. 

William Henry Foote, D.D., whose name is inseparably connected 
with Presbyterianism in Virginia. 

*^ His secular career was one of eminence, distinguished by the 
honors conferred on him, and marked by the confidence and high 
esteem of his fellow-citizens. In 1844 he entered upon the practice 
of law in Romney, and continued uninterruptedly till 1875— except 
when serving his constituency in the Senate of Virginia, from 1856 
to 1865 — ^and afterwards in the convention that adopted the present 
Constitution of West Virginia, in both of which positions he ranked 
with the foremost. Early in 1862 Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson 
appointed him his chief of staif. He accepted the position, but was 
induced by the Governor of Virginia and many others, who deemed 
his services more important in the Senate than in the army, to re- 
consider and decline. In 1875 he became Judge of the Twelfth Ju- 
dicial Circuit of West Virginia, was reelected twice, and continued 
to*hold the office till declining health compelled him to resign in 
1892." 

A memorial adopted by one of the courts over which he pre- 
sided so long bears testimony to the fact "that Judge Armstrong 
(206) 



IN MEMOBIAM. 207 

during all this time presided with dignity, ability, and impartiality, 
iilways tempering justice with mercy.** 

Another says: ^<For his high, generous, manly character, his 
scrupulous integrity and unspotted honor, for his exemplary Chris- 
tian life and sincere love of virtue for its own fair sake, for his hu- 
manity, kindness of heart, and unostentatious charity and generous 
benevolence, Judge Armstrong will continue to live in the grateful 
memories of those who knew him best, as they who esteemed him 
most." 

" But the crown of his life is that he was an earnest Christian 
and an active ruler in the Church. In August, 1846, he united with 
the Presbyterian Church, under the pastorate of Eev. Dr. Poote, 
and in May, 1850, was ordained ruling elder in the Eomney church. 
This office he held for more than forty-three years. A member of 
the Greneral Assembly which in 1865 organized the Southern Pres- 
byterian Church, he ever after watched her growth with loving de- 
votion, and in her courts, from Session to the Assembly, gave his 
^rst and best efforts to secure and promote her prosperity. Time 
and again his pen and his judicial mind gave their ripest fruits to 
maintain her rights or to warn her from perils that seemed to 
threaten her peace and purity." 

" For many years he was seriously affected by disease, but bore 
his infirmities so uncomplainingly that few realized what he en- 
dured. His last illness was brief. On August 27, 1893, in the 
•early morning, he was suddenly stricken, and it soon became evi- 
dent that his condition was critical. He lingered for a little more 
than a week, and on the 4th of September passed from this life to 
the presence of God, where there is fullness of joy for the believer. 
His last hours were free from pain, and his departure so peaceful 
that the watchers by his bedside scarcely knew when he was gone. 
'Quietly and without a struggle the silver cord was loosed and the 
faithful servant of God entered upon the rest that remaineth to the 
people of God. * Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for 
the end of that man is peace.' " 

The session of his Church bears this testimony: '^He was almost 
;a pastor to this Church." And the Sabbath school has on record: 
" We loved him. By his courteous and kindly bearing, by his life 
of piety, by his Christian walk and conversation among us, he won 
not only our confidence, love, and esteem, but also our sineerest af- 
fection. How earnestly did he seek to impress the truth upon our 
minds and hearts! Aye, he was more than our superintendent: 



208 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

he was a shepherd, leading the liltle flock to the Lamb of God that 
taketh away the sins of the world. We would lift our hearts in 
gratitude to God that ho spared his usefal life so long to the com- 
munity, the Church, and to our school. Now that he is gone, we 
will miss him, his wise counsel, his earnest, loving words." 

Minute of Winchester Presbytery, adopted by a rising vote: 
"The Presbytery of Winchester has heard with inexpressible sor- 
row of the death, on the 4th instant, of Judge James D. Armstrong, 
a ruling elder of the Eomney church. For more than forty years 
this eminent jurist and Christian gentleman has been accustomed 
to sit with us as an honored member of this venerable court. 
With the fullest opportunity of knowing thoroughly his worth and 
influence, we gratefully record our exalted estimate of his charac- 
ter and services, while we deplore profoundly the loss we and the 
whole Church have sustained by his death. His unvarying cour- 
tesy, his sincere piety, his devoted zeal for the purity and prosper- 
ity of our Church, the faith and order and enterprises of which he 
so intelligently and cordially approved, his wise conservatism, his 
well-balanced judgment and incorruptible integrity, have com- 
mended him without reserve to the admiration, the confidence, and 
affection of us all." 



ALBXANDEE MONTGOMERY. 

Alexander Montqomeby was bom in County Down, Ireland, 
March 2, 1825; and died in San Francisco, Cal., November 4, 1893. 
A complete sketch of Mr. Montgomery appears in Volume III., 
" Scotch-Irish in America," pages 154-158. Mr. Montgomery was 
Vice President of the Scotch-Irish Society of America for Califor- 
nia, and the President of the Scotch-Irish Society of California 
from its foundation until something over a year before his death. 
He left a large part of his great wealth to the Presbyterian Church 
and the Theological Seminary at San Francisco, which he endowed. 
14 f209) 



WILLIAM EOBEET LAMBERTOK 



At Saybrook, Conn., died on Thursday, August 9, Willie Robert 
Lamberton, in the thirty-third year of his ago. 

Willie Robert Lamberton was the only child of the late Col. W. H. 
Lamberton, of Carlisle, Pa., and Mrs. Constance M. Lamberton- 
Miller, of this city. The funeral ceremonies took place at Grace 
Church, Old Saybrook, Conn., on the morning of August 10, 1894, 
and his remains rest in the family plot at Woodlawn, New York 
City. He died of consumption. 

From his extreme youth he gave evidence of a strong mind and 
great will power. He rapidly developed a legal mind of the highest 
order, and attracted the attention and love of the late Charles 
O'Conor, whose mantle seemed to have fallen upon him and who 
bequeathed to him his private library. He was as a son in the 
latter years of the life of that great niaster in jurisprudence. His 
father. Col. William Harkness Lamberton, w^as on Gov. Porter's staff 
when twenty years old. He was in Florida when the war broke 
out. The Lamberton family is a very old one, and Willie Robert 
Lamberton is directly descended from William de Lamberton, 
Bishop of St. Andrew's (Scotland), 1297. The ancient Coat of 
Arms are: "Arms-Argent, three escollop shells, table, crest, stag's 
head at gaze, St. Andrew's cross between the Attires. Motto: 
Volonte de Dieu.'* 

His first important action in a brief life of great activity was 
the organization, completion, and successful operation of the Pel- 
ham Park Railroad Company, of which he was President until 
affliction compelled him to retire to the position of Vice President 
about a year since ; he was prominent in a number of railway cases* 
in which large amounts were involved; he was the youngest street 
railway President in the United States at the Eighth Annual Con- 
vention of the New York State Street Railway Association, held at 
Rochester, N. Y., September 16, 1890, and whose likeness appears 
ia a group of the Association and friends photographed on that 
day; he was a prominent and influential man in the interests of the 
town of Pelham, Westchester County, N. Y., where his advice and 
opinions were much sought after and successfully followed; he was 
frequently importuned to accept proposed official positions in van- 
(210) 



IN MEMOIUAM. 211 

OU8 societies ; he was a member of the Country, New York Athletic, 
and Peiham Manor Clubs. His kindness to the poor, from whom he 
never withheld possible assistance, was proverbial. 

At the very threshold of a brilliant and most promising life he 
passed away from amongst men at the village of Saybrook, Conn., 
where he was temporarily residing, on the morning of August 9, 
at nine o'clock. 

His private life was that of devotion to home and to his mother; ^ 
latterly, to her inculcations of the truth, touching imperishable 
honors, and of which he gave evidence that he had assuredly 
Becorcd — a blessed immortality. J. B. M. 



OBITUARY NOTICES. 

The following is a liat of deceased members of the Scotch-Irisb 
• Society of America, of whose death the Secretary has been notified^ 
but of whom no obituary sketches have been furnished. 

McCoNNELL, Dr. George W. 

Born in Livingston, Nelson County, Va., March 16, 1816; 
died in Angola, Steuben County, Ind., Wednesday, September 5, 
1894; aged 78 yeare», 5 months, and 22 days. 
McCoNNELL, Eliza Bonab. 

Wife of Dr. G. W. McConnell; born April 22, 1828; died May 
29, 1894. 
Blackwood, Rev. William, D.D., LL.D., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Died November 13, 1893. See biographical notice in previous 
volumes. 
Henderson, Matthew, Nashville, Tenn. 

Died April 28, 1893. 
Dickson, Allen H., Wilkesbarre, Pa. 

Died January 20, 1893. See biographical notice in previous 
volume. 

CORNICK, TULLY K., Sr. 

Died in Knoxville, Tenn., June 18, 1892, in his seventy-fifth 
year. See biographical notice, Volume IV. 
Kerr, Samuel, Chicago, 111. 

Died December, 1893. See biographical notice. Volume V. 
Stewart, Bryce, Clarksville. 

Died in 1893. 
Elder, Miss Maroaretta S., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Died December 10, 1893. See biographical notice. Volume V. 
Workman, Dii. Joseph, Toronto, Canada. 

Died April, 1894. See biographical notice. Volume V. 
(212) 



LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SCOTCHJRISH SOCIETY OF 

AMERICA. 



AcHESON, Rev. Stuart, M.A., 48 Bleeker Street, Toronto, Canada. 
First year.* 

Vice President at Large for the British Provinces of North 
America. Born at Mono Mills, near Toronto; son of Thomas and 
Mary Barclay Acheson, both of Scottish families of the time of the 
Plantation; the Acheson family settled in the County Down, and 
the Mason family in the County Derry ; educated in Knox College 
and University College, Toronto; pastor of the Presbyterian Church, 
Clover Hill, Ontario, for ten years ; pastor of the First R. P. Church, 
Carlton Street, Toronto; has two brothers who are ministers of the 
Presbyterian Church in Canada, Rev. Samuel Acheson, St. Andrew's 
Church, Ontario, and Rev. Thomas Davis Acheson, Marquette, Man- 
itoba; received the degree of A.B. from Queen's University, King- 
ston, Ontario, and A.M. from Hamilton College, New York, U. S. A. 
Adair, Col. G. W., Atlanta, Ga. 1891. 

Vice President for Georgia in the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 
Adair, William, M.D., Canmer, Hart County, Ky. First year. 
Bom at Glasgow, Barren County, Ky., December 9, 1815; his 
father, Alexander, born in Chester, S. C, son of William, of Ches- 
ter, S. C, son of William, who was born in Ireland, 1730, and emi- 
grated to America in 1736 ; his mother was Blizabeth Weir Mun- 
roe; grandmother on paternal side, Mary Irvine; great-grand- 
mother, Mary Moore ; practicing physician : graduate at Transyl- 
vania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1836; represented Hart 
County, Ky., in 1869-70 and in 1870-71. 
Adams, Adam Gillespie, Nashville, Tenn. First year. 

Bom near Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland, July 12, 1820, at 
the old homestead, owned by his ancestors for several generations; 
his father, David Adams, married Jane Gillespie ; both born in Ire- 
land ; were members of the Presbyterian Church ; his mother was a 

Note. — In order to avoid needless expense the same plates used in Volume 
V. for the biographical sketches are again inserted in this volume, with only 
a few slight changes. There is a supplemental list added for members who 
have joined since Volume V. was published, and in cases where sketches 
have been furnished since that time. 

(213) 



214 THE BCOTOH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

woman of decided piety, and exercised a marked influence over her 
children, especially over the subject of this notice; Mr. Adams's first 
wife, Susan Porterfield, died two years after marriage, and he after- 
ward married Mary Jane Strickler, a woman of marked piety, as was 
her mother, Sarah Eakin Strickler; Mrs. Adams is still living; also 
seven of their eight children ; Mr. Adams got his business training 
in Strabane, and at the age of nineteen arrived in Nashville, and 
has continued there since as a wholesale dry goods and shoe mer- 
chant, and is now President of the Equitable Fire Insurance Com- 
pany; elder in the Presbyterian Church, and Superintendent of its 
Sabbath schools since 1843; Chairman of the Presbyterian Com- 
mittee on Sabbath Schools ; President of the Board of Directors of 
Ward's Presbyterian Seminary for Young Ladies; Chairman of the 
Committee of Reception and member of the Board of Directors of 
the Nashville Centennial Commission ; President and Secretary of 
various turnpikes; Secretary and Treasurer of the John M. Hill 
fund of the First Presbyterian Church; Treasurer of the Nashville 
Bible Society since 1854, and Vice President for Tennessee in the 
Scotch-Irish Society of America; the First Presbyterian Church 
lately established a mission Church and Sabbath school in the north- 
western part of Nashville, which is called after his name. 

Adams, Alexander, 1609 Swatara Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 1891. 
Born at Kilmoyle, County Antrim, Ireland; son of Alexander 
Adams and Margaret (Johnston) Adams. 

Addy, Matthew, Cincinnati, O. First year. 

Past Vice President for Ohio in the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America. 

Affleck, James, Bellville, 111. First year. 

Born in Tennessee, of Scotch-Irish parentage ; machinist ; Alder- 
man for a number of years. 

Alexander, Hugh, 302 and 304 West Jefferson Street, Louisville, 
Kv. 1891. 

Born at Coleraine, County Londonderry, Ireland ; merchant. 

Alexander, M. J., Greensburg, Pa. 1890. 

Alexander, Robert J., 810 Twenty-first Street, San Francisco, 
Cal. First year. 

Born at Denahora, near Marhet Hill, County Armagh, Ireland; 
parents, John Alexander and Margaret Alexander (whose maiden 
name was Margaret McMahon), both Scotch-Irish by birth; de- 
partment manager; first Secretary of the California Scotch-Irish 
Society. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 215 

Alexander, 8. B., Charlotte, N. C. First year. 

Vice President for North Carolina in the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America. 

Alexander, William Henry, Post Office Box 303, Omaha, Neb. 
1891. 

Born in Lisbon, Conn., in 1849; son of Harvey G. and Eliza 
Preston Alexander; grandson of James Alexander, who was Town 
Clerk of Voluntown, Conn., for nearly thirty years; great-grandson 
of Joseph Alexander and of David Preston, who was a soldier in the 
American Revolution; great-great-grandson of James Alexander, 
one of the founders of Londonderry, N. H., in 1719, and a member 
of its first governing board ; James Alexander's father came from 
Argylshire, Scotland, and settled in the valley of the Bann, in the 
latter part of the seventeenth century; William Henry left New 
England in 1871, for the West; lived eight years in Quincy, 111., 
and three years in Lincoln, Neb.; came to Omaha in 1883; Alder- 
man two years; Surveyor of Customs and Disbursing Agent on 
new U. S. post office building; President of the Omaha Cong. Club, 
and Vice President for Nebraska in the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America. 

Allison, R., 94 West Eighth Street, Cincinnati, O. First year. 

Anderson, James A., Knoxville, Tenn. 1891. 

Born at Grassy Valley, Knox County, Tenn. ; mother's maiden 
name, Armstrong; father's, William Shannon Anderson; and that 
of his father, James Anderson, who with his parents and a number 
of brothers and sisters moved from near Lexington, Rockbridge 
County, Va., in 1801, and settled in Knox County, Tenn.; a portion 
of his ancestors were from County Down, Ireland, and settled in 
Virginia about 1726; farmer and merchant. 

Anderson, James B., Detroit, Mich. 1893. 

Anderson, Charles McCormick, Ashland, Wis. 1893. 
Born in Cambridge, O. ; lawyer. 

Andrews, James, Columbia, Tenn. First year. 

Andrews, John, Steubenville, Jeffijrson County, O. First year. 

Born in Bailymena, County Antrinj, Ireland; Scotch-Irish par- 
entflge; mother's maiden name, McCaughey; wholesale merchant. 

Archer, James, place of residence, Brooke County, W. Va. ; post 
office, Steubenville, O. First year. 

Of Scotch-Irish parentage on both sides; farmer and Justice of the 
Peace ; Vice President for West Virginia in the Scotch-Irish Socie- 
ty of America. 






216 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Ardart, James, Thirty-first Street and Liberty Avenue, Pittsburg, 
Pa. 1891. 

Bom in Pittsburg, Pa. ; contractor. 

Armstrong, George Washington, Brookline, Mass. 1891. 

Born in Boston, Mass., August 11, 1836; son of David and Mahala 
(Loerriug) Armstrong, of Boston, Mass. ; grandson of Robert and 
Alice (Park) Armstrong, of Windham, N. H.; great-grandson of 
David and Elizabeth (Hemphill) Armstrong, of Windham ; David 
Armstrong was a signer of the Association Test in 1776, and was a 
son of Dea. John and Janet Armstrong ; John Armstrong was born 
in 1713, in County Londonderry, Ireland; came to Londonderry, 
N. H., when a boy with his father, Robert Armstrong, one of the 
grantees of Londonderry, N. H.; the latter was an offshoot of the 
famous clan Armstrong, of the debatable country on the Scottish 
and English border; President of the Armstrong Transfer Compa- 
ny; Director in the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, and in oth- 
er corporations. 

Baird, Thomas Harlan, Monongahela City, Washington County, 
Pa. First year. 

Born at Washington, Pa.; Scotch on paternal side; Scotch-Irish 
on maternal side — Acheson and McCul lough ; attorney at law; dis- 
trict attorney of Washington County, Pa. 

Ballantyne, William, 428 Seventh Street, Washington, D. C. 1893. 
Born in Peebles, Scotland ; stationer; elder in Presbyterian 
Church; President of Mutual Fire Insurance Company; Treasurer 
of W. C. Bible Society. 

Barclay, Thomas, Steubenville, O. First year. 

Born at Pittsburg, Pa.; parents, Samuel and Sarah Barclay; re- 
tired merchant, and a Director in several banks. 

Barkley, John, 35 North Peter Street, New Orleans, La. First year. 
Born in Belfast, Ireland ; son of William M. Barkley and Mar- 
garet Thompson ; merchant. 

Barr, William Patrick, Jacksonville, Morgan County, 111. First 
year. 

Born in Wilson County, Tenn.; his father. Rev. Hugh Barr, 
moved from Wilson to Sumner County, Tenn., from Tennessee to 
Alabama in 1820, and from there to Illinois in 1835; his grandfa- 
ther was Patrick Barr; mother, Katherine Hodge; grandfather, Jo- 
seph Hodge; all from North Carolina; Mayor of Jacksonville, and 
Trustee of Illinois Institution for Deaf and Dumb. 



•.-<• 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 217 

Barrinoer, Gen. Rufus, Charlotte, N. C. First year. 

Born in Cabarrus County, N. C. ; son of Paul Barringer and wife, 
Elizabeth Brandon; German, English, and Scotch-Irish descent; re- 
tired lawyer; twice in State Legislature; in State Constitutional 
Convention of 1875 ; and brigadier general of cavalry in late war. 

Baxter, Isaac C, Detroit, Mich. First year. 

Bayne, D. K., 119 East Fortieth Street, New York City. 1890. 

Beatty, John, Columbus, O. 1893. 

Born in Sandusky, O. ; son of James Beatty, born in New Lon- 
don County in 1803, who was the son of John Beatty, born in Coun- 
ty Wexford in 1774, and Mary Cooke, born in County Fermanagh 
in 1776; the Wexford John being the son of James Beatty, bom in 
County Cavan in 1745, who was descended from Henry Beatty Gent 
to whom a grant of lands was made in the Barony of Tullaghgarvy 
and County of Cavan on June 4, 1611 ; banker. See Appleton's 
" Cyclopedia of American Biography." 

Beqqs, Robert, 306 West Twenty-ninth Street, New York City. 
1890. 

Born in Ireland of Scotch-Irish parentage; tea and coffee mer- 
chant. 

Bell, James, 421 Sixth Street, Portland, Or^. 1892. 

Born in County Fermanagh, Ireland; his first ancestor, Lieut. 
Bell, came over with William III. in 1690; he received a grant of 
land near Enniskillen, where his descendants have since lived; the 
present branch of the family came from Ohio in 1890, and settled 
in Oregon; merchant. 

Bigger, David P., Tiffin, O. 1893. 

Black, James R., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Black, Joseph K., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Bardstown, Ky.; Scotch-Irish parentage; merchant 

Black, Robert T., Scranton, Pa. First year. 

Born at Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland ; son of Joseph Black 
and Jane Mary Spencer ; bank President, and Vice President and 
Treasurer of coal company ; Director in two banks. 

Black, Samuel S., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland; Scotch-Irish par- 
entage; merchant. 

Black, William M., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland; Scotch-Irish par- 
entage; merchant. 



218 THE 8COTCH-IBISH IN AME&IGA. 

Blackwood, Rev. William, D.D., LL.D., 1022 Beividere Terrace, 
Baltimore, Md., and 1149 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
1891. 

Bom at Droiuard, Couuty Down, Ireland ; son of Samuel and 
Agnes Blackwood, both Scotch-Irish; besides being a landholder, 
his father was extensively engaged in the linen trade, and for sixty 
years was ruling elder in his native congregation ; ordained by the 
Presbytery of Belfast on February 17, 1835, to the pastoral charge 
of Holy wood, near Belfast; in 1843 was removed to Newcastle on 
Tyne, in the North of England; there built Trinity Presbyterian 
Church, and because of that and other services was raised to the 
Moderator's chair of the Synod, the supreme judicatory of the Eng- 
lish Church ; in 1850 was settled in the First Presbyterian Church, 
Philadelphia; after forty years* labor in that charge, demitted the 
pastorate, and now holds the position of Pastor Emeritus. 

Blair, James, Scranton, Pa. 1891. 
Born in Mercer County, N. J. 

Blair, John I., Blairstown, N. J. 1893. 

Blair, Morris William, Kossuth, Des Moinee County, la. 1892. 
Born in Pike County, III, now Rushville, Schuyler County, IlL; 
s^)n of Sarah Job and David E. Blair, son of Catherine Evans and 
William Blair, son of Elizabeth Cochran and Alexander Blair, who 
came from County Armagh to Lancaster, Pa., before 1750, and to 
Bourbon, Ky., 1785 ; Catherine Evans was a daughter of Thomas 
Evans and Mary Rutledge, daughter of Mollie Bortree and Isaac 
Rutledge, who immigrated to America in 1720 ; farmer. 

Blair, Samuel S., Tyrone, Pa. First year. 

Born in Esterton, Dauphin County, Pa.; his grandfather, John 
Blair, came to the United States when ten or twelve years old, lo- 
cated with his parents in Lancaster County, Pa., where he married 
a Miss Greer; there were born as the result of this marriage John, 
Samuel, William, Joseph, James, and five daughters; he is the 
son of Samuel; railroad superintendent; division superintendent of 
the N. C. Railroad, Baltimore, Md.; division superintendent of the 
P. Railroad, Tyrone, Blair County, Pa. 

Blair, William, 174 Lake Street, Chicago, 111. 1893. 

Son of Samuel Blair and Hannah (Frary) Blair, of Cortland 
County, N. Y. ; his father's ancestor, Robert Blair, who was of Scotch 
origin, came with his family from the North of Ireland in 1718, and 
settled in Worcester, Mass.; became a resident of Chicago in 1842; 
retired hardware merchant; Director of the Merchants' National 



* • • •»■ • • 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 219 

Bank ; one of the managers of the Presbyterian Hospital ; member 
of the Chicago Historical Society ; member of the Second Presbyte- 
rian Church ; one of the Trustees of Lake Forest University. 

Blake, George Matthew, Blake Block, Rockford, 111. First year. 
Born at Dansville, N. Y., 1852; son of Z. H. Blake, M.D., of 
Scotch-Irish extraction, and Louisa Dorr, of New England; lawyer; 
City Attorney of Rockford, 111., 1885-86; President of First Na- 
tional Bank of Canton, 8. Dak. 

Blanton, Rev. Lindsay Hughes, D.D., Richmond, Ky. First 
year. 

Born in Cumberland County, Va.; son of Joseph and Susan 
-Walker Blanton ; mother's family Scotch-Irish ; Chancellor of the 
Central University of Kentucky since 1880; Presbyterian minister; 
pastor of Versailles, Ky., Salem, Va., and Paris, Ky., Presbyterian 
Churches. 

Bogle, Rev. Samuel, Kenton, O. 1893. 

Bonner, Robert, 8 West Fifty-sixth Street, New York City. First 
year. 

President and life member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America ; 
born at Londonderry, Ireland, April 24, 1824; came to the United 
States in 1839; editor of the New York Ledger from 1861 until re- 
cently. See Appleton's " Cyclopedia of American Biography," Vol. 
L, page 313. 

Bowman, Robert Severs, Berwick, Pa. 1892. 

Born at Willow Springs, Columbia County, Pa. ; great-grandson 
of Capt. Robert Clark, of Flying Camp, in the American Revolu- 
tion ; great-grandson of John and Margaret (Campbell) Wilson, of 
County Tyrone, Ireland; great-great-great-grandson of Bishop 
George Walker and John Hutchinson, of Londonderry, Ireland; 
postmaster and publisher Berwick Independent. 

Bradbury, Samuel, 4767 Wayne Avenue, Germantown, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 1893. 

Born in Banbridge, County Down, Ireland; Scotch-Irish and 
English parentage. 

Brann, John, Elkhart, Ind. First year. 

Bom at Ballenahinch, Rich Hill, County Armagh, Ireland; son 
of William and Jane Brann ; merchant. 

Breadner, J. T., Port Henry, N. Y. First year. 

Born at Keady, County Armagh, Ireland ; son of Thomas Bread- 
ner and Rebecca Dickson. 

Breckenridge, Rev. S. F., Springfield, O. 1893. 



220 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IK AMEBICA. 

Bf ACK, Moses, Mansfield, O. 1894. 

Born at liamelton, County* Donegal, Ireland; parents Scotch- 
Irish Presbyterians; merchant and manufacturer; Manager and 
Treasurer of the Linham Dado Machine Co.; Mr. Black is one of 
several brothers who were bom at Ramelton, Ireland, the birth- 
place of Mr. Eobert Bonner, President of the Society; they were 
com])anions and friends of Mr. Bonner in his boyhood; one of 
them was Mr. Andrew Black, who died at Springfield, O., a 
few months before the fifth Congress assembled at that city, and 
of whose life and character such high tribute is paid in our fifth 
volume; all of the brothers came to America and are successful 
business men ; they are a typical Scotch-Irish family, and repre- 
sent the best qualities of their race. 

Borland, John, Mason City, la. 1894. 

Bom in Lissloonly, County Armagh, Ireland; son of Mary 
Jane Wynne and Eobert Paul Borland; merchant. See the 
remarks of Dr. John Hall in foregoing pages of this volume, 
where he nominated Mr. Borland for membership, as to the 
character of himself and family. 

Buchanan, Aaron Moore, Morgantown, W. Va. 1894. 
Born in Beaver County, Pa. 

Brice, Calvin Stewart, Lima, Allan County, O. 1893. 

Born in Denmark, Morrow (then Marion) County, O. ; son of 
Rev. William Kirkpatrick Brice, a Presbyterian minister, and 
Elizabeth Stewart ; ancestors' families came to Ohio in 1806 and 
1812, and before lived in Maryland two hundred years; lawyer; 
served in Eighty-sixth O. V. I., and was lieutenant colonel of the 
One Hundred and Eightieth O. V. I.; Chairman Democratic 
Committee in 1888 ; in 1890 elected United States Senator from 
Ohio. 

Briqos, Capt. Joseph B., Ruasellville, Ky. First year. 

Born in Franklin, Tenn., November 20, 1842; son of Isaac 
Wilson Briggs and Dorothy Madison Bennett; banker; major 
and assistant quartermaster of Forrest's cavalry, Confederate 
States army. 

Brown, Miss Annie, Terrance Park, Hamilton County, O. 1893. 

Brown, Joseph, Eipley, Tippot County, Miss. First year. 

Born at Marion, Ala.; Scotch-Irish parentage; merchant; 



LIST OF MEMBEBS. 221 

Superintendent Presbjrterian Sunday school; President of Ripley 
Y. M. C. A. 

Brown, Robert Knox, Whitinsville, Mass. First year. 

Born near Coleraiue, County Derry, Ireland ; Scotch-Irish par- 
entage; accountant; head bookkeeper for twenty-five years; Trus- 
tee of the Whitinsville Savings Bank. 

Brown, William Alexander, 1631 Locust Street, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 1892. 

Born October 23, 1865 ; graduate of the Law Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania (class of 1891), and member of the 
Philadelphia bar; his paternal ancestors emigrated from Scotland to 
Ireland during the persecution of the Stuarts; some of them were 
among the defenders of Londonderry ; his paternal grandfather and 
grandmother came to this country about 1830; his maternal ances- 
tors lived for many generations near Market Hill, County Armagh ; 
his maternal grandfather came to this country in 1820, and his ma- 
ternal grandmother a few years later; his grandparents on both 
sides were married in this country ; his maternal grandfather's fam- 
ily were noted for their longevity. 

Bruce, Helm, Louisville, Ky. 1891. 

Secretary of the Kentucky Scotch-Irish Society ; member of the 
Executive Committee of the Scotch-Irish Society of America ; lawyer. 

Bryson, H. Knox, Fayetteville, Tenn. 1893. 

Bryson, Rev. John H., D.D., Huntsville, Ala. First year. 

Bom at Fayetteville, Tenn. ; parents, Rev. Henry Bryson, D.D., 
and Mrs. Hannah Bryson; Presbyterian minister; chaplain; head 
of the religious department of the Army of Tennessee, C. S. A. ; 
Moderator of General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, 1886, 
at Augusta, 6a. 

Buchanan, J. N., Morgantown, W. Va. 1893, 

Caldwell, Rev. A. G., Bristol, Tenn. 1893. 

Caldwell, Frank, Velasco, Tex. 1893. 

Born in Philadelphia, Pa.; for past three years cashier of Brazoa 
River Channel and Dock Company; cashier Texas Land and Im- 
migration Company; cashier Velasco Terminal Railway Company. 

Caldwell, Harry M., Bruin, Butler County, Pa. First year. 

Born at Ballymoney, County Antrim, Ireland; grandfather and 
father born in Blantyn, Lanarkshire, Scotland; grandfather was a 
shepherd ; merchant ; school director for three years ; postmaster at 
Bruin. 



222 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Caldwell, Henry, 409 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, O. First year. 
Caldwell, Rev. J. C, Springfield, O. 1893. 
Caldwell, James Thomas, Burdick, Taylor County, Ky. 1891. 
Born in Taylor County, Ky. ; descended from the Scotch-Irish of 
the valley of Virginia, Augusta County ; farmer. 
Caldwell, John Day, 233 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, O. 

First year. 
Caldwell, Joshua W., Knoxville, Tenn. 1893. 
Caldwell, Richard, Salisbury Mills, Orange County, N. Y. First 
year. 

Born at Salisbury Mills, N. Y. ; son of Andrew Caldwell, Bally- 
more, Ireland, Province of Ulster, and Harriet Brewster, Rockland 
County, N. Y.; farmer; postmaster, twenty years; Justice of the 
Peace, twenty-four years; Commissioner United States Deposit 
Fund in New York State, twelve years. 
Caldwell, Rev. Robert Earnest, 1426 East Broadway, Louis- 
ville, Ky. 1891. 

Born at Greensboro, N. C. ; son of Walter P. Caldwell, of Greens- 
boro, N. C, who was the son of Rev. Samuel Craighead Caldwell, 
of Mecklenburg; who was the son of Rev. David Caldwell, D.D., 
of Guilford; through his mother related to the Doaks of North 
Carolina and Tennessee, and to the Gillespies; through his father's 
mother related to the Lindsays; through his grandfather's mother 
related to the Craigheads; Presbyterian minister; pastor of the 
Highland Presbyterian Church, Louisville, Ky. 
•Caldwell, Rev. Samuel Craighead, Hazlehurst, Miss. 1891. 
Born in Marshall County, Miss.; great-grandson of David Cald- 
well, D.D., of Guilford County, N. C; great-great-grandson of 
Alexander Craighead, of Mecklenburg, N. C. ; minister. 
Calhoun, Hon. David Samuel, Hartford, Conn. First year. 

Born at Coventry, Tolland County, Conn. ; son of George Albion 
Calhoun, D.D., of Scotch-Irish parentage, and Betsey Scoville; 
judge of the Court of Common Pleas; State Senator, two terms; 
judge of the Probate Court, twelve years; judge of Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, thirteen years. 
Calhoun, James R., 1427 Christian Street, Philadelphia, Pa. First 
year. 

Born at Philadelphia, Pa. ; son of Ezra and Mary A. Calhoun ; 
clerk in Mayor's office. 
Oalhoun, Hon. Patrick, Atlanta, Ga. 1891. 

Born in Fort Hill, Pickens District, S. C. ; son of Andrew Pick- 



LIBT OF MEMBEBS. 223 

•ens Calhoun and Margaret M. Green; paternal grandfather, John 
C. Calhoun; paternal grandmother, Floride Calhoun; paternal 
great-grandfather, Senator John £. Calhoun ; paternal great-grand- 
mother, Floride Bouneda ; maternal grandfather, Gen. Doff Green ; 
maternal grandmother, Lucretia Edison ; lawyer. 

'Campbell, Gov. Jameb E., Columbus, O. First year. 

Born at Middletown, O., July 7, 1843; Scotch-Irish descent on 
his father's side ; English on mother's ; lawyer ; member of Congress 
and Governor of Ohio. 
Campbell, Charles, Ironton, Lawrence County, O. 1891. 

Born at Ironton, O. ; Scotch-Irish parentage; iron manufacturer. 

Campbell, Judge Edward, Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa. 1891. 
Born at Uniontown, Fayette County, July 24, 1838; his father 
was Hugh Campbell, born in Uniontown, Pa. ; his mother, Rachel 
Broom Lyon, born in Baltimore, Md.; his grandfather, Benjamin 
Campbell, of Chester County, Pa. ; grandmother, Mary Adair, of 
Oookstown, Ireland ; attorney at law ; private soldier, second lieu- 
tenant, first lieutenant, captain, major, and lieutenant colonel of the 
Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment; three and one-half 
years in the war; presiding judge of the Fourteenth Judicial Dis- 
trict of Pennsylvania by appointment of Gov. Hartranft in 1873 on 
death of Judge S. A. Gilmore. 

Oampbell, James David, Spartanburg, S. C. 1891. 

Born at Belton, Anderson County, S. C, May 2, 1867 ; ancestors 
on paternal side removed from Ireland to Pennsylvania about the 
middle of the eighteenth century, thence to Virginia, and just before 
the Revolutionary War to Upper South Carolina; descended on ma- 
ternal side from Scotch-Irish family of Cox; druggist; official ste- 
nographer of the Seventh (S. C.) Judipial Circuit ; member of the 
staff of the Charleston News and Courier; first and fourth official 
shorthand reporter for the Scotch-Irish Society. 

Oampbell, Lemuel Russell, Nashville, Tenn. 1891. 

Campbell, Zephaniah, Ada, O. 1893. 

Carlisle, Willla^m Smyth, 405 Classon Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

1891. 

Born at Kells, County Antrim, Ireland; Scotch descent of the 
seventh generation ; tea and coffee merchant. 
Carpenter, J. McP., Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 
Carson, James, Springfield, O. 1893. 
^Casady, Hon. Phineas McCray, Des Moines, la. First year. 

Vice President for Iowa in the Scotch-Irish Society of America ; 



224 THE SOOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

born at Connersville, Fayette County, Ind. ; son of Simon Casady 
and Jemima McCray; President Des Moines Savings Bank; State 
Senator for four years in the Iowa Legislature; judge of the Fifth 
Judicial District, Iowa; receiver of public moneys for the Fort Des 
Moines Land District of Iowa; Regent of the State University, 
Iowa, for four years. 

Castles, William Harper, Kingsland, Bergen County, N. J. First 
year. 

Born at Newark, N. J.; son of Thomas Castles, Trumbridge, 
near Lisburn, Ireland, and Elizabeth Harper, Middletown, Armagh^ 
Ireland ; accountant and attorney. 

Chalfant, Rev. G. W., Pittsburg, Pa. 1890. 

Chambers, Andrew Allen, Freehold, N. J. 1891. 

Born at Piqua, O. ; attorney at law and Principal of the Freehold 
Institute. 

Charlton, Alexander Gow, Omaha, Neb. 1891. 

Bom in Freeport, III, September 5, 1856; grandfathers, Dr. 
Samuel Charlton, Cannonsburg, Pa., and John L. Gow, attorney ,^ 
Washington, Pa.; grandmothers, Hannah De Bovard and Mary- 
Murdoch, daughter of Alex. Murdoch, Esq., Washington; Alex. 
Murdoch married the daughter of Matthew Henderson, one of 
the first ministers of the Associate Reform Church of North 
America; father, James B. Charlton; mother, Lucy A. Gow; 
John L. Gow was the son of Deacon James Gow, of Hallswell, 
Mo. ; Cashier McCaguo Savings Bank, and Secretaiy of McCague 
Investment Company; Director of the American National Bank, 
Omaha. 

Christie, Edward Payson, Springfield, O. 1893. 

His great-grandfather, Jesse Christie, was horn in Londonderry, 
N. H., in 1736, and his father emigrated from the North of Ire- 
land; his tenth child. Major Robert Christie, born February 21, 
1776, in New Boston, N. H., married Rebecca Smith in 1796; Ma- 
jor Robert's eldest son, James Smith Christie, bom September 6^ 
1798, in New Boston, N. H., afterward removed to Washington 
County, Vt., and thence to Springfield, O., in 1817, where he mar- 
ried, February 22, 1824, Laura Beardsley, a daughter of Elijah 
Beardsley, a native of Connecticut, who was a Revolutionary sol- 
dier, and, at the age of eighteen, was one of the ** boys," disguised 
as Indians, who threw the British tea overboard in Boston harbor; 
James S. Christie and his wife were among the pioneer residents of 
Springfield, O., and Mr. Christie was an elder in the First Presby- 



LIST OF MEMBEB8. 225 

terian Church of that city for over fifty years; the golden weddings 
of himself, one sister, and one brother were all celebrated in their 
turn several years ago; the subject of this sketch, Edward P. Chris- 
tie, their eldest son, was born September 24, 1836; bookkeeper and 
cashier; private soldier in the Union army during first part of the 
late war for the Union ; afterward, for the greater part of the war 
and to its close, a paymaster's clerk in the United States Army. 

Clark, Dr. Rowan, Tyrone, Pa. First year. 

Clark, William P., Mansfield, O. First year. 

Born at Newbliss, Monaghan County, Ireland ; parents Pcotch- 
Irish Presbyterians; Secretary Mansfield Insurance Company; Di- 
rector in bank and building and loan association; elder in Reformed 
Presbyterian Church. 

Cochran, A. P. Linn, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Cochran, J. Henry, Williamsport, Pa. 1893. 

Born in Province of New Brunswick ; son of James Cochran, born 
in Dublin of Scotch-Irish parents in 1812, and Mary Moore, bom 
in 1815 of Scotch-Irish parentage ; banker. 

CoiLE, Rev. S. A., Greenville, Tenn. 1893. 

CoLViLLE, WiNFiELD W., 15 Logan Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 1891. 
Bom in Pittsburg, Pa. ; son of James W. Colville and Mary Ann 
Balfour ; Finance Clerk, Post Ofl[ice, Pittsburg, Pa. ; chief clerk for 
state of Pennsylvania at Johnstown, Pa., during the time the state 
was in control after the flood. 

Cook, Rev. Thomas A., Alpine, Talladega County, Ala. 1891. 

Born in Argyleshire Kentyre, Scotland; Scotch-Irish parentage; 
minister and teacher; County Superintendent of Education. 

Cooke, George, St. Joseph, Mo. First year. 

Born at Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish par- 
entage; merchant. 

CoRBiT, Joseph, 433 West Twenty third Street, New York City. 
1893. 

Born in Ireland, of Scotch-Irish parentage on both sides; real 
estate agent and broker. 

Cotter, George Saxville, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Great-grandson of Rev. George Saxville Cotter, who was born 
in the year 1740 in the city of Belfast, Province of Ulster, Ire- 
land, and who was rector of Castle Martyr, in the County of Cork; 
grandson of Dr. Rogers Cotter, who was born in the year 1775 in 

the County West Meathe was educated at Oxford and gradu- 
15 



226 THE SCOTGH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

< 

ated as physician and surgeon from Trinity College in the city of 
Dublin, and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; 
entered the army as physician of West Meathe Eegiment, and was 
afterward appointed physician and surgeon of Balinacaryge Dis- 
pensary; immigrated to Canada in the year 1835 with three sons 
— ^James L., John E, and George S. ; James L. was married in 
Canada to Anna M. Harrison, and came to Springfield, O., in the 
year 1849, where George S. Cotter, the subject of this sketch, 
with four brothers, was born. George S. Cotter, Engineer City 
Waterworks, Springfield, O.; James S. Cotter, bookkeeper, Spring- 
field, O.; Kenton Cotter, machinist, Springfield, O.; William H. 
Cotter, commercial traveler for W. W. Kimball, Chicago, 111. ; John 
L. Cotter, commercial traveler for Estey & Camp, St. Louis, Mo. 

Cowan, George L., Franklin, Tenn. First year. 

Cowan, Oliver, Shelby vi lie, Tenn. 1893. 

Cox, Frederick Warren, M.D., Vermillion, Clay County, S. Dak. 
1891. 

Bom at Upper Stewracke, Colchester County, Nova Scotia, 
Canada; great-grandparents Cox born in Ulster, Ireland; great- 
grandparents Creelman born in Province of Ulster, Ireland; im- 
migrated to Nova Scotia, where his parents still reside ; physi- 
cian; coroner of Clay County, S. Dak.; Superintendent Board of 
Health for Clay County, S. Dak. 

Craig, Dr. Alex., Columbia, Pa. First year. 

Craig, Edward H., 227 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1893. 

Born in Fayette, Me. ; son of Henry, son of Elias, son of John, 
flon of Andrew Craig, who was born in Scotland of Scottish an- 
cestry, and went to Ireland with his family in 1725, and brought 
them to America, landing in Boston February 28, 1730; merchant 
and manufacturer. 

Craig, Kev. John Newton, D.D., Atlanta, Ga. 1891. 

Born in Rockingham County, Va. ; son of George Evans and 
Matilda Guthrie Craig; ancestors from North of Ireland; ma- 
ternal ancestors, Guthrie, McClelland, Stuart, Gilkerson, Lynn; 
paternal ancestors, Evans, Laird; his great-great-grandmother 
married his great-great-grandfather Craig in Ireland; Presbyte- 
rian minister; pastor at Lancaster Court House, S. C; chaplain 
in Confederate army; pastor at Holly Springs, Miss.; Secretary 
of Home Missions Presbyterian Church, United States; member 
Board of Direetors Southwestern Presbyterian University, 
1880-88. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 227 

Craig, Mrs. Margaret C, New Alexandria, Pa. 1891. 

Born in New Alexandria, Westmoreland County, Pa.; Scotch- 
Irish parentage; maternal grandmother was Bar bary Sanderson, 
whose parents came from Ireland; paternal grandmother, Eliza- 
beth McDonald, of Scotland; grandfather, Samuel Craig, was a 
soldier in the Kevolutionary war, and while crossing the Chest- 
nut Kidge on his way to Fort Ligonier was taken a prisoner by 
the Indians, and was never heard from again; father, the late 
Gen. Alexander Craig, was a junior officer in the Revolutionary 
war; he crossed the Delaware with Gen. Washington, and partic- 
ipated in the battles of Princeton, Trenton, and others. 

Craig, Robert, Dayton, O. 1893. 

Born in Ballymoney, County Antrim, Ireland; Director of 
Dayton Waterworks. 

Craighead, Rev. James Geddes, D.D., 1223 Eleventh Street, Wash- 
ington, D. C. First year. 

Born near Carlisle, Pa.; son of William Craighead and Hetty 
Weakley; Presbyterian minister; editor of New York Evangel- 
ist; Secretary of the Presbyterian Historical Society; now 
Dean of Theological Department Howard University, Washing 
ton, D. C. 

Crawford, Prof. F. B., McDonough, Md. 1893. 

Creigh, Thomas Alfred, 1505 Farnam Street, Omaha, Neb. First 
year. 

Bora in Mercersburg, Franklin County, Pa.; son of Rev. Thomas 
Creigh, D.D. (who was pastor of a Presbyterian Church at Mer- 
cersburg for forty-nine years), and Jane McClelland Grubb Creigh; 
grandson of Dr. John Creigh and Eleanor Dunbar Creigh, of Car- 
lisle, Pa. ; great-grandson of Judge John Creigh, who was a colonel 
in the Revolutionary war, and Jane Barker, of Carlisle, Pa. ; great- 
great-grandson of Thomas and Mary Creigh, of Cammoney, Ire- 
land, great-great-great-grandson of John Creigh, of Carrickfergus 
and Carnmoney, Ireland, who was a ruling elder in the Presby- 
terian Church in Carnmoney from May, 1718, till his death, about 
1735 ; President of the O. F. Davis Real Estate and Loan Com- 
pany ; member of One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania 
Infantry, Army of the Potomac, 1862-63; ex-President Nebraska 
Society Sons of American Revolution ; Past Grand Recorder of 
Knights Templar state of Nebraska. 

Crooks, Prof. G. R., Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J. 
First year. 



228 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

CuMMiNGs, Charles Caldwell, Fort Worth, Tex. 1891. 

Born in Holly Springs, Marshall County, Miss., June 23, 1838; 
Lowland Scotch, of the clan Comyn, the Highlanders being of 
the Bed Comyn, and the Lowlanders Black Comyn ; were adher- 
ents to the crown in the Cromwellian Kebellion, and were driven 
into Virginia in the middle of the sixteenth century in conse- 
quence, and helped the Loyalists to hold the "Old Dominion" 
fast to the crown, never surrendering, and two hundred years aft- 
erward wore still loyal to the Constitution at Manassas according 
to their interpretation of that instrument versus a "higher law; " 
father's mother a Keys, French Huguenot; came over with the 
French contingent under Lafayette in American Revolution; 
County Judge of Tarrant County 1876-80 (two terms); member 
of the Seventeenth Misnissippi Regiment, Barksdale*s Brigade, 
McLaws's Division, Longstreet's Corps, Army of Northern Vir- 
ginia; rank. Sergeant Major; lost right hand in the Peach Orchard 
at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. 

CuTOHEON, Hon. Byron M., Grand Rapids, Mich. 1891. 

Born at Pembroke, N. H. ; son of James M. Cutcheon, Pem- 
broke, N. H., and Hannah Tripp, Epsom, N. H.; form of name 
until present generation, " McCutcheon ; " lawyer; Member of 
Congress 1883-91 ; see Congressional Directory for other positions* 
held; at present member of the United States Board of Ordnance 
and Fortification. 

Daily, William Anderson, 214 West One Hundred and Fourth 
Street, New York City. 1892. 

Born in New York City ; son of John and Jane Anderson Daily ; 
paternal grandfather, John Daily; paternal grandmother, Jane 
Waddell; maternal grandfather, Robert Anderson; maternal 
grandmother, Jane Calhoun ; clerk. 

Daee, Mrs. Elizabeth Church, 216 Vine Street, Nashville, Tenn. 
First year. 

Bom at Pittsburg, Pa. ; father, Dr. William Church, a leading 
physician of Pittsburg, Pa., was born at Coleraine, Ireland ; moth- 
er, Elizabeth Taggart Church, born in North Ireland ; wife of Dr. 
J. P. Dake, and mother of five children; Manager of Protestant 
Orphan Asylum, and of the Woman's Mission Home, Nashville, 
Tenn. 

Dake, Dr. William Church, 218 North Vine Street, Nashville, 
Tenn. 1892. 

Born in Pittsburg, Pa., January 28, 1852 ; became a resident of 



LIST OF MEMBEBS. 229 

Nashville, Tenn., June 22, 1869; eldest son of Dr. J. P. and Eliz- 
abeth Church Dake; mother bom in Pittsburg, Pa., August 19, 
1826; mother's father, Dr. William Church, Jr., bom in Coleraine, 
Ireland, August 1, 1795; mother's mother, Elizabeth Taggart 
Church, bom in County Down, Ireland, December, 1795; mother's 
grandfather, Dr. William Church, Sr., born in Coleraine, Ireland, 
August 19, 1772; mother's grandmother, Margaret McAllister 
Church, bom in Ireland in 1770; mother's grandparents came to 
America in 1797, and settled in Strasburg, Lancaster County, Pa.; 
removed to Pittsburg, Pa., in 1805; physician; President (1892- 
93) Southern Homeopathic Medical Association; President (1891- 
" 93) Homeopathic Medical Society of Tennessee; member Amer- 
ican Institute of Homeopathy, and of American Obstetrical So- 
ciety. 

Dalzell, Hon. John, Pittsburg, Pa. 1890. 

Born in New York City; parents came from County Down, 
Ireland, near Belfast; lawyer; Member of Congress. 

Davis, Mrs. Lydia Anne Bushpield, Newton, Kans. 1893. 

Bom in Allegheny City, Pa. ; father, Robert Robison, born in 
Cumberland Valley, Pa.; mother, Eliza Robison, daughter of 
Charles and Catherine Cummins, bom in Strasburg, Franklin 
County, Pa. ; President of Presbyterian Home Missionary Synod- 
ical Society of Kansas; member of Woman's Executive Commit- 
tee of Homo Missions in Presbyterian Church. 

Dean, W. D., Kenton, O. 1893. 

Dickson, Alexander Walker, Scranton, Pa. Fii-st year. 

Born at Philadelphia, Pa.; son of James Reid Dickson and 
Caroline Stuart Dickson; manager of the Weston Mill Company; 
Treasurer Scranton Board of Trade; elder First Presbyterian 
Church; Superintendent Sabbath school; Vice President Lacka- 
wanna Institute of History and Science. 

Dickson, Allan Hamilton, Wilkes Barre, Pa. 1892. 

Born in XJtica, N. Y.; son of Hugh Sheridan Dickson, bom in 
Rathfiyland, County Down, Ireland; died in 1888; was a Pres- 
byterian clergyman; grandfather, Alexander Dickson; came from 
Ireland to America in 1827, and died at Lanningburg, N. Y., in 
1871, at the age of ninety-five; he was the son of John Dickson, 
who was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland ; lawyer. 

Dickson, Miss Caroline Stuart, 616 Quincey Avenue, Scranton, 
Pa. 1890. 

Born at Scrianton, Pa. ; daughter of Alexander W. and Louisa 



230 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

C. Dickson; President of the Young Ladies' Society of the Pres- 
byterian Church. 

Dickson, Thomas, Troy, Ren County, N. Y. 1892. 

Born in Banbridge, County Down, Ireland; ancestors came 
from Scotland in the year 1730; contractor; Trustee of Woodside 
Presbyterian Church twenty-one years; elected member of As- 
sembly, state of New York, in 1886; elected Treasurer of Ren 
County in 1888, and served three years. 

DiNSxMORE, John, Glen Ritchie, Pa. 1893. 

DiNSMORE, Rev. John Walker, D.D., 289 South Tenth Street, San 
Jose, Cal. First year. 

Born in Washington County, Pa.; son of William Dinsmore 
and Rebecca Anderson, both Seotch-Irisb; Presbyterian minister; 
pastor Presbyterian Church, Bloomington, 111.; Director McCor- 
mick Theological Seminary; member General Assembly's Board 
of Aid for Colleges; Moderator of Synod of Illinois; visitor 
United States Naval Academy; member of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

DiNS3ioRE, William Yance, Bloomington, 111. 1893. 
Born in Prairie du Sac, Wis. 

Doherty, William Wisner, 27 School Street, Boston, Mass. First 
year. 

Bom in Boston, Mass.; parents, Ross and Sarah Doherty, 
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians and natives of Muff, County of Derry, 
Ireland; counselor at law; assistant district attorney for Suffolk 
District, Mass. 

DoLAND, Arthur W., Spokane Drug Company, Spokane, Wash. 
First year. 

Bom at Manchester, N. H.; Scotch-Irish descent on both sides; 
wholesale druggist. 

DoRAN, Peter, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1892. 

Born at London, Canada ; son of John Doran and Susan Mc- 
Clory, who were born in County Down, Ireland; lawyer; Chair- 
man of Democratic Committee of Grand Rapids; State Senator 
from Grand Rapids in 1890. 

Drummond, Hon. Josiah Hayden, Portland, Me. First year. 

Born at Winslow, Me. ; son of Clark Drummond and Cynthia 
Blackwell; lawyer; representative in Legislature from Waterville 
in 1857-58; from Portland in 1869; Speaker in 1858-59; Senator 
from Kennebec County in 1860; Attorney General of the state 
from 1860 to 1864 (four terms). 



LIST OF MEMBEBS. 231 

DuNLAP, Dr. a., Springfield, O. 1893. 

DuNLAP, Charles O'Neal, M.D., Athens, O. 1891. 

Born at Pontiac, Mich., 1856 ; son of Samuel Dunlap, bom at 
Chillicothe, O., son of Joseph Dunlap, born in Seneca County, N. 
Y., son of John Dunlap, whose father was a Scotchman from the 
West End of the Grampian Hills, and whose mother was Sarah 
Gillespie, born in County Derry in 1722 ; John Dunlap was born in 
County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1718, and emigrated to this country 
in 1742; all these ancestors were Presbyterians; Dr. Dunlap's 
mother was of the German family Kaler, and his paternal grand- 
mother O'Neal of Irish extraction; assistant physician of the 
Athens (O.) Asylum for Insane since 1887 ; appointed Superin- 
tendent of the Athens Asylum for Insane May 16, 1892; member 
of the Ohio Medical Society since 1881. 

DuNLAi?, Dr. Fayette, Danville, Ky. 1891. 

Born at Danville, Boyle County, Ky.; father Scotch, mother 
English ; sun^^eon and physician. 

Dunlap, Eev. S. P., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Eakin, John Hill, Nashville, Tenn. First year. 

Born at Nashville, Tenn.; grandson of John Eakin, County 
Derry, Ireland; cashier Union Bank and Trust Company; Presi- 
dent Bon Air Coal, Land, and Lumber Company; President Mam- 
moth Cave Eailroad Company. 

Ecgles, Eev. Egbert Kerr, Salem, O. 1891. 

Echols, Col. J. W., Atlanta, Ga. First year. 

Past member Executive Committee Scotch-Irish Society of 
America. 

Edgar, John F., 136 West Second Street, Dayton, O. 1893. 

Born in Dayton, O., 1814; grandfather Edgar removed from 
Winchester, Va., to Ohio County, Ya., and settled in Casselmen's 
Eun about 1780; was killed by Indians shortly after; father, 
Eobert Edgar, came to Dayton in 1796; grandfather Gillespie emi- 
grated from North of Ireland when twelve years old; married 
Jcane Allen about 1762; came to Ohio about 1790; merchant. 

Elder, Joshua Eeed, Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pa. Fii-st year. 
Born near Harrisburg, Swatara Township, Dauphin County, 
Pa.; son of Joshua Elder and Eleanor W. Sherer; farmer. 

Elder, Miss Marqaretta S., 26 East Vermont Street, Indianapolis, 
Ind. 1891. 

Born at Indianapolis, Ind.; father was John Elder, son of Sam- 
uel, son of John, son of Eobert, born in Scotland in 1679, emi- 



232 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

grated to America from Lough Neagh, Ireland, in 1730 ; located 
near Harrisburg, Pa.; mother was Jane Henderson Eltchie, only 
daughter of John and Margaret Ritchie, whose ancestors were 
also Scotch-Irish. 

Blwyn, Rev. Alfred Langdon, 1422 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 
Pa. First year. 

Born at Philadelphia; son of Alfred W. L. and Mary M. Elwyn; 
clergyman. 

Erwin, Francis, Painted Post, Steuben County, N. Y. 1892. 

Born January 5, 1834, at Painted Post; son of Francis B. and 
Sophia McCall Erwin; grandson of Samuel Erwin; great-grand- 
son of Arthur Erwin, who came from the county of Antrim, Ire- 
land; settled at Erwina, Bucks County, Pa., and married Mary 
Kennedy, daughter of William Kennedy, who came from Lon- 
donderry, Ireland, in 1730; Arthur Erwin was a large landholder 
in Bucks County, Pa., and owned thirty thousand acres in Steuben 
County, N. Y.; was a colonel in the Revolutionary army, and 
served under Gen. Israel Putnam; Sophia McCall's ancestors were 
from Scotland; being Presbyterians, became involved in the re- 
ligious troubles of 1668, and escaped to Ulster, in Ireland; in six 
months afterward sailed, with other persecuted Covenanters, to 
New Jersey; afterward drifted to Massachusetts, and settled in 
Marshfield; farmer. 

Evans, Col. H. G., Columbia, Tenn. 1891. 

Evans, Samuel, 432 Locust Street, Columbia, Pa. First year. 

For genealogical and biographical sketch see Volume III., page 
241. 

Evans, Thomas Grier, 49 Nassau Street, New York City. 1890. 
Born at Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y.; parents, James Sid- 
ney Evans and Mary (Dewitt) Evans; lawyer; Secretary of the 
Genealogical and Biographical Society of New York City. 

BwiNG, Hon. Nathaniel, Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa. 1890. 
Born at Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa.; Scotch-Irish parent- 
age on both sides, with an admixture of Welsh on mother's side ; 
lawyer; judge fourteenth judicial district of Pennsylvania. 

EwiNG, Judge Thomas, Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

Fairly, Col. John Spencer, Charleston, S. C. 1892. 

Born in Egllnton, County Derry, Ireland (Parish of Faughan- 

vale); son of Robert Fairly and Sarah Huey Fairly, Bglinton; 
son of David Fairly, Donnybrewer Lodge, County Derry; son of 
the Rev. David Fairly, Covenanting minister of the parishes of 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 233 

'Convoy and Eaphoe from 1711 to 1776 A.D.; Sarah Huey was 
the daughter of William Huey, Flowerfield House, County Derry, 
Ireland; broker; commander of gun No. 3, in Iron Battery, first 
attack on Fort Sumter, April 13, 1861; aid-de-camp to Gen. W. 
H. C. Whiting from seven days* fight around Eichmond until 
Gen. Whiting was killed at Fort Fisher; then invited to and 
joined Gen. Hampton's staff in same capacity to end of war, and 
when Gen. Hampton was elected Governor of South Carolina 
was appointed seignior aid de-camp and lieutenant colonel. 

Ferguson, Edward Alexander, Fourth and Main Streets, Cincin- 
nati, O. First year. 

Ferguson, Eev. Egbert Gracey, New Wilmington, Pa. First year. 
Bom in Franklin County, Pa.; father, James Ferguson; moth- 
er, Mary A. Doyle; minister of the United Presbyterian Church; 
President of Westminster College six years. 

PiNLAY, Arthur M., Galveston, Tex., or St. Louis, Mo. 1892. 

Born in St. Louis, Mo. ; parents and six older children born at 
Leslie, Scotland ; manager Waters Pierce Oil Co. Galveston, Tex. 

Fishburne, James A., Waynesboro, Va. 1892. 

Born in Waynesboro, Va. ; Teacher; Principal Fishburne Milita- 
ry School. 

Fisher, Henry Blachard, Batavia, Genesee County, N. Y. 1892. 
Born in Hamilton, Canada; sop of John Fisher, of Londonder- 
ry, N. H. ; lawyer. 

Fisher, Egbert J., 285 Seventeenth Street, Portland, Oreg. 1892. 

Fleming, David Deans, 1003 Locust Street, Des Moines, la. 1892. 
Born in New York City ; son of William and Margaret Flem- 
ing; mother was the daughter of John and Ann (McCoy) Cham- 
bers ; Ann McCoy was born in May, 1748; her father was Alexan- 
der McCoy, and her mother was Sarah Johnson ; Miss Johnson's 
mother was a Miss Montgomery, a relative of Richard Montgom- 
ery; Alexander McCoy's mother was a Miss Anderson; these 
families were long settled in Fermanagh and Tyren; mother was 
bom in Fermanagh, and came with her parents to America in 
1812; father was born in Waterford; son of David Fleming, a na- 
tive of Scotland; paternal grandmother was an Irish woman of 
Celtic origin ; merchant; member of School Board of Des Moines. 
J'leming, James Pressly, 108 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 1891. 
Bom in Allegheny City, Allegheny County, Pa. ; son of Cochran 
Fleming, born in 1786 in Londonderry, Ireland, and Sarah Dongan 
Fleming, born in 1795, who settled in Allegheny County about 1818; 



234 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

insurance agent ; Inspector State Penitentiary, Western District of 
Pennsylvania; officer of Light Artillery, Pennsylvania Battery, dur- 
ing 1861-62. 

Fleming, Judge William Stuart, Columbia, Tenn. 1891. 

Born near Columbia, Tenn., 1816; parents born in Williams- 
burg District, S. C. ; mother's maiden name, Armstrong ; lawyer^ 
licensed in 1842; graduated at Yale College in 1838; held the office 
of City Attorney; twice elected Chancellor for terms of eight 
years each; his family connection, or at least much of it, appears 
in the volume containing the proceedings of the First Scotch-Irish 
Congress, held at Columbia, Tenn., in May, 1889. 

Fleming, William Henrt, 1220 East Walnut Street, Des Moines, 
J a. 1892. 

Born in New York City; son of William and Margaret Flem- 
ing (nee Chambers); Secretary Iowa Building and Loan Associa- 
tion ; Deputy Secretary of State, 1867-1869 ; Private Secretary to- 
the Governors of Iowa, 1869-1882; acting Deputy Auditor of 
State, 1865 ; planner and compiler of several State censuses ; gene- 
alogy same as that of David Deans Fleming. 

Flowers, George W., 110 Diamond Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

Floyd, A. C, Knoxville, Tenn. 

Born in Granville County, N. C. ; son of John W. and Margaret 
(Campbell) Floyd; editor in chief Knoxville Daily Sentinel. Sec- 
retary of the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

Forbes, Capt. George B., Atlanta, Ga. 1892. 

Foster, W. F., St. Joseph, Mo.; Box 344. 1892. 

Bom in Edgar County, 111.; great-grandfather Foster was 
Scotch-Irish, and born in Scotland of Scotch-Irish parentai^e ; 
editor and meteorologist; captain in the Union army, war of 
rebellion; county officer, and for twelve years an editor of daily 
and weekly news, and political papers. 

Foster, Hon. Morrison, AUei^hony City, Pa. First year. 

Born at Pittsburg, Pa.; son of William Barclay Foster, from 
Berkeley County, Ya., and Eliza Clayland. from Eastern Shore, 
Md.; brother of Stephen Foster, deceased, the celebrated com- 
poser of popular songs ; coal oj)or:itor; Senator from Forty-second 
District of Pennsylvania ; and Manager of the Reform School, 
Morgan za. Pa. 

Frame, James A., 105 East Seventieth Street, Xew York City. 1892. 
Bom August 26. 1841, in St. Johnstown, near Londonderrv; son of 
Matthew Frame and Ann McGirr, who were born in Castledown;. 



LIST OF MEMBEBS. 235 

grandparents on both sides born, in Castledown; came to this coun- 
try in 1852; mason and builder; deacon of Fifth Avenue Pres- 
byterian Church. 

Prew, John, 25 and 27 Fourteenth Street, Wheeling, W. Ya. 1891. 
Born in County Antrim, Ireland; son of Alexander and Esther 
Scott Frew; publisher and half owner of Daily Intelligencer; 
member City Council; member of Board of County Commission- 
ers; delegate at large to Republican National Convention, 1889; 
Director in Exchange Bank of Wheeling. 

Prey, George Henry, Springfield, O. First year. 

Born at Philadelphia, Jefferson County, N. Y.; Swiss descent 
on his father's side; Scotch-Irish on sido of mother, who was a 
Miss Calhoun ; his grandfather, Andrew Calhoun, was a native of 
Ulster; the Frey family was one of the earliest of the whites 
who settled in the Mohawk Valley, N. Y., near Palatine Bridge; 
settled there in 1688 ; the old homestead is still held in the fami- 
ly; owner and operator of a stone quarry in Springfield; Direc- 
tor in Second National Bank; Director in Ohio Southern Kailroad 
Company; President of Cincinnati and Sandusky Telegraph 
Company; President of Ohio Southern Eailroad Company: Pres- 
ident of Board of Waterworks, city of Springfield; County Com- 
missioner; and charter member of the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America. 

Prey, Isaac Ward, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Springfield, O.; ancestry on mother's side were all 
Scotch-Irish, coming to America prior to the year 1800 ; opera- 
tor in real estate. 

Prierson, Lucius, Columbia, Tenn. First year. 

Past Treasurer of the Scotch-Irish Society of America; banker;, 
cashier of the Columbia Banking Company. 

Fullerton, Dr. George H., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Pulton, John, Johnstown, Pa. First year. 

Born at Drumard, County Tyrone, Ireland; ancestors on fa- 
ther's side Lowland Scotch ; on mother's side, MeKeown, Highland 
Scotch ; General Manager Cambria Iron Company ; superintend- 
ent of works on completion of North Branch Canal, 1848-1852; 
assistant engineer Barclay Eailroad, 1852-1854; resident civil and 
mining engineer Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, 1855-1874; 
chief engineer Bedford and Bridgeport Eailroad, under Pennsyl- 
vania Eailroad Company, 1870-1873; general mining engineer 
Cambria Iron Company, 1874-1877; General Superintendent^ 



236 THE 800TCH-IRI8H IN AMEBICA. 

1887-88; General Manager, 1888 to 1892; member American In- 
stitute Mining Engineers; American Philosophical Society, Phil- 
adelphia; author of "Physical Properties of Coke for Blast Fur- 
nace Use*" Early in 1892 Mr. Fulton's health required a change 
from the onerous duties of General Manager of the Cambria Iron 
Works; was transferred from this office to that of General Min- 
ing Engineer. 

Galloway, Tod Buchanan, 553 Bast Town Street, Columbus, O^ 
1893. 

Born at Columbus, O.; son of Hon. Samuel Gralloway, of Ohio, 
who was the son of John Galloway and Margaret Buchanan 
Smith, of Gettysburg, Pa.; the Galloway and Buchanan families 
settled in Pennsylvania about 1750 or 1760, from Scotland and 
North of Ireland (see records Pennsylvania Historical Society); 
attorney at law ; Second Yice President Ohio Society Sons of the 
American Revolution. 

Gamble, Mrs. Mary McGill, Plattsburg, N. Y. 1893. 

Born at Hunnah Furnace, Center County, Pa.; ancestors, Alex- 
ander Taggart McGill, Eleanor Acheson McCulloch, John McGill, 
Mary Taggart, George McCulloch, Esther Turbett, Daniel McGill, 
Elizabeth Reynolds, Thomas Turbett, Jean Wilson. 

Gardner, James, Post Office box 540, Cumberland, Md. 1893l 

Born near Omagh, County Tyrone, Ireland ; Scotch-Irish par- 
entage; both sides represented at siege of Derry; manufacturer 
of fire clay goods; elder in First Presbyterian Church, Cumber- 
land; Director in Mansfield (O.) Gaslight Company; Director 
in Cumberland Gaslight Co.; Director in the Greenawalt Com- 
pany, Cumberland. 

Gardner, William, Box 373, Pittsburg, Pa. 1893. 

Born in Omagh, County Tyrone, Ireland; constructing gas 
engineer; erected oriij:inal gas works at Portland, Oreg., in 1859; 
also at Sacramento, Cal.; has been identified with the business 
ever since. 

Gibson, Gen. William Harvey, Tiffin, Seneca County, O. 1892. 
Bom in Jeflerson County, O. ; gi-andfather came from North of Ire- 
land in 1774; father born in Pennsylvania in 1774; leflan orphan at 
five years of age, and raised by an uncle at Georgetown, Ky.; mother 
bom in Pennsylvania of Welsh parents; lawyer; State Treasurer of 
Ohio; colonel Forty-ninth Ohio Volunteers, and brevet brigadier 
general U. S. Volunteers; Adjutant General of Ohio; Board of Oa- 
oal Commissioners of Ohio; postmaster at Tiffin, O. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 237 

GiLLAN, James M., 4316 Grant Street, Omaha, Nob, 1893. 

Born in Tazewell County, 111.; father and mother born in 
County Antrim, Ireland; grandparents on mother's side born in 
Scotland; journalist; teacher of elocution in Wesleyan Univereity, 
Illinois, 1881-83; engaged in newspaper woi*k at Lincoln, Has- 
tings, and Omaha 1883-93. 

Gillespie, Mrs. John, 1332 South Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1890. 
Born in Philadelphia, Pa.; daughter of James Kirkpatrick and 
Eebecca Armstrong, of County Fermanagh, Ireland. 

GiLMORE, Judge W. J., Columbus, O. 1893. 

Given, Dr. A., 1403 West Jefferson Street, Louisville, Ky. 1891. 
Born at Warm Springs, Bath County, Va.; grandfather was 
an Irishman; grandmother, Scotch; physician. 

Given, Mrs. Caroline Turnbull, 1403 West Jefferson Street, Lou- 
isville, Ky. 1892. 

Bom at Monterey, Highland County, Va.; maternal grandfa- 
ther, Scotch; paternal grandfather, Irish. 

Glass, Rev. Henry, D.D., Somerset, Ky. 1893. 

Glenny, John Clark, Buffalo, N. Y. 1893, 
Born in Buffalo, N. Y. 

Goodpellow, John J., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Clark County, O. ; grandson of Moore Goodfellow, who 
was born in Tyrone, Ireland ; emigrated to the United States in 
1804; settled in the eastern part of Clark County, O., in 180*6, 
where he continued to reside until the date of his death in 1862 ; 
bookkeeper in First National Bank, Springfield, O.; Treasurer 
Clark County, O. 

Graog, Isaac P., 53 State Street, Boston, Mass. 1892. 

Born at Roxbury, Mass., September 1, 1842; son of Moses Gragg, 
born at Groton, Mass., September 20, 1791 ; son of Samuel Gragg, 
bom at Groton, Mass., February 15, 1752; son of Jacob Gragg, birth- 
* place unknown; son of Samuel Gragg, one of four brothers who came 
from North of Ireland in 1712; son of John Gragg, bom in Ireland 
in 1665, killed near Londonderry in 1669 ; son of Capt. David Gragg, 
born in Scotland, captain under Cromwell, and also killed near Lon- 
donderry with his son in 1689; General Manager Eastern Develop- 
ment Company; served as private and corporal in Company "D.," 
First Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry from 1861 to 1866 ; served as 
lieutenant and provost captain in Sixty-first Massachusetts Volunteer 
Infantry, 1864-65 ; member of the Common Council, City of Boston, 
in 1871, 1872, and 1876. 



-238 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Graham, Augustus Washington, Oxford, N. 0. 1891. 

Born in Hillsboro, Orange County, N. C; seventh son of Hon. 
William A. Graham, son of Gen. Joseph Graham, son of James 
Graham, who came from County Down, Ireland; mother wa^ 
Susan Washington, daughter of John Washington, of Kingston 
and New Berne, N. C. j lawyer ; Secretary of Boundary-line Com- 
mission between Maryland and Virginia, 1875-76; State Senator, 
1885. 

Graham, Miss Elizabeth, 842 Sixth Street, Louisville, Ky. 1892. 
Born in Province of Ulster, County Tyrone, Ireland; Church 
member for fifby-six years; devoted attention to Sunday school 
and mission work ; Sunday school teacher fifty-three years. 

•Gbaham, Hon. George Soott, Bullitt Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 
1891. 

Born in Philadelphia; son of James Graham and Sarah J. Gra- 
ham, maiden name Scott, both of County Down, Ireland ; law- 
yer; member of Select Council from January, 1878, to January, 
1881; resigned to take office of District Attorney of Philadelphia 
— i. c, prosecutor of the pleas — which office he has held ever since, 
having been reelected three times, twice by a unanimous vote of 
both parties; professor of criminal law in University of Pennsyl- 
vania ; Past Grand Commander of Knights Templar of Pennsyl- 
vania; elder in the Presbyterian Church. 

'Graham, Joshua Archelaus, Eoom 310, German American Bank 
Building, St. Joseph, Mo. 1892. 

Born in Tazewell, Tenn. ; son of Thomas P. Graham and Jane 
Hughes Ewing Graham; lawyer. 

Gray, M. L., 3756 Tindell Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. First year. 

Gray, W. H., South Solon, O. 1893. 

Gray, William James, 84 Vine Street, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born at Coleraine, County Londonderry, Ireland ; father's name, 
James Gray ; mother's name, Isabel Henry ; minister of the gospel 

Oregg, Willlam Henry, 3013 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo. 1893. 
Born in Palmyra, Wayne County, N. Y., March 24, 1831; lin- 
eal descendant of Capt. James Gregg, who emigrated from Ayr- 
shire, Scotland, to Londonderry, Ireland, in 1690; and from the 
latter city to Londonderry, N. H., in 1718; one of the sixteen 
families who founded Londonderry, N. H.,at first called Nutfield; 
retired manufacturer; President of Southern White Lead Com- 
pany for twenty-four years; Director in Mechanics' Bank; also 
in Mound City Mutual Insurance Company; all of St. Louis, Mo. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 239 

Greer, Joseph M., Knoxville, Tenn. 1892. 

Born in Knox County, Tenn.; son of John Greer and Annis 
Hood Greer, both yet living at an advanced age in Blount County, 
Tenn. ; John Greer ie the son of Arthur Greer and Jane Heart, of 
Blount County, Tenn.; Arthur Greer took a prominent and hon- 
orable part in the pioneer wars with the Indians in East Tennes- 
see; he was the son of a Scotch-Irish immigrant who came from 
County Down, Ireland, about the year 1760, landing first at Phil- 
adelphia, and finally moving South and settling in Mecklenburg 
•County, N. C, from whence most of his children moved to East 
Tennessee and settled among the first of the pioneers ; the sub- 
ject of this sketch was educated at the State University at Bloom- 
ington, Ind., which he left to enlist in the Union army during the 
Civil War; he raised a regiment of Union soldiers and command- 
ed them ; since then he has been in business at Maryville and at 
Knoxville, where he is now at the head of the Greer Machinery 
Company; he has held various offices of honor and trust. 

Oroves, Thomas Porter, Hendersonville, Tenn. 1890. 

Born in Robertson County, Tenn.; son of Wiley Groves and 
Leah West; farmer. 

-Guild, Mrs. Mart Stiles Paul, 120 Johnson Street, Lynn, Essex 
County, Mass. 1891. 

Born at Hanover, N. H., January 26, 1830; daughter of Bela 
and Mary (Briggs) Paul; descended on paternal side from Wil- 
liam Strowbridge and Margaret Henry, Scotch immigrants from 
the North of Ireland; and William Strowbridge, Jr., and Sarah 
Montgomery Morrison; housekeeper. From investigations made 
since Mrs. Guild's ancestry was furnished it seems to be qufte 
certain that the Strowbridges went to Ireland from England. 
Mrs. Guild claims, however, to have inherited a share of Scotch- 
Irish blood from her great-grandmother Sarah (Montgomery-Mor- 
rison), who was certainly Scotch-Irish. 

Hagan, Judge Francis M., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Hall, James, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1893. 

Hall, Rev. Dr. John, 7 12 Fifth Avenue, New York City. First year. 
Yice President for New York in the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America; born in County Armagh, Ireland; both parents of 
Scottish families settled in Ulster; Presbyterian minister; was 
Commissioner of National Education in Ireland; now Chancellor 
of the University of the City of New York; see Appleton*s "Cy- 
clopaedia of American Biography," Vol. III., page 42. 



240 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Hamilton, A. C, Temple, Tex. 1890. 

Hamilton, James McCluno, Nashville, Davidson County, Tenn. 
1892. 

Born in Eussellville, Logan County, Ky. ; grandson of William 
Hamilton and Mary MeClung, who moved to Lexington, Eock- 
bridge County, Ya., at an early day, William Hamilton is said 
to have built the firat sehoolhouse and Presbyterian Church in 
that country ; hardware and cutlery merchant for fifty-five years 
in Nashville; ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church in Nash- 
ville for fifty years. 

Hamilton, Kev. David Stuart, Columbia, Lancaster County, Pa. 
1893. 

Born in Wilmington, Del.; father's people came from South 
of Scotland and settled in North of Ireland; mother, Maiy 
Eooney, of Ireland; Episcopal minister; assistant minister Christ's 
Church, Williamsport, Pa. ; now rector of St. Paul's Church, 
Columbia, Pa. 

Hammond, A. J., Cadiz, Harrison County, O. First year 
Born at Cadiz; parentage Scotch-Irish; merchant. 

Happer, Eev. Andrew Patton, D.D., Glenshaw, Allegheny Coun- 
ty, Pa. 1891. 

Born in Washington County, Pa.; son of B. Happer and Ann 
ArrcU Happer; grandparents on paternal side both came from 
Ireland in youth to Lancaster County, Pa., and married there in 
1780; missionary in China of Presbyterian Church for forty-seven 
years; graduate of Jefferson College, Pa., 1835; in medicine at 
University of Pennsylvania in 1844; in theology at Western 
Theological Seminary in 1844 ; President of a Christian college in 
China from 1887 to 1891. 

Harbison, Jacob, Charleston, Ind. 1891. 

Born in Jefferson County, Ky. ; son of Alexander Harbison, a 
native of County Down, Ireland; farmer. 

Harbison, Samuel P., Twenty-second and Eailroad Streets, Pitts- 
burg, Pa. First year. 

Hardie, William Tipton, 229 Jackson Avenue, New Orleans, La. 
First year. 

Bom at Talledega, Ala.; parents, John Hardie, bom in Scot- 
land, and Mary Meade Hall, born in Virginia; merchant; elder 
in First Presbyterian Church, New Orleans. 

Hardy, Henry, Defiance, O. 1893. 

Born in Troy, N. Y.; Scotch -Irish parentage; attorney at law; 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 241 

Mayor of Defiance; Prosecuting Attorney of Defiance County; 
Eecordcr of Defiance County; Representative in tlie sixty-first 
and sixty-third General Assembly of the state of Ohio from Defi- 
ance and Paulding Counties. 

Hays, John, Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa. 1890. 

Born at Carlisle, Pa.; parents were John and Ellen (Blaine) 
Hays, both born in Cumberland, Pa.; lawyer; President of the 
Carlisle Deposit Bank since 1874. 

HexMphill, James Calvin, 32 South Battery, Charleston, S. C. 
1893. 

Born in Due West, Abbeville County, S. C; son of Kev. Wil- 
liam K. Hemphill, D.D., son of Eev. John Hemphill, who immi- 
grated to America from County Antrim, Ireland, during the 
eighteenth century; editor of the News and Courier^ Charleston. 

Henderson, John, Johnstown, Cambria County, Pa. 1891. 

Born at Myioe, near Duruinaghy, County Donegal, Ireland; 
furniture dealer. 

Henderson, Matthew, Nashville, Tenn. 1891. 

Henry, William Hamilton, 734 East One Hundred and Fortieth 
Street, New York City. 1892. 

Born in New York City October 15, 1845; great-grandson of 
Hugh Henry, whose father, John Henry, was a merchant at 
Coleraine, Ireland, and who emigrated to America and settled 
at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1765, and married Phoebe Ann Morris, 
daughter of Eobert Morris, of that city, who was active in the 
defense of Philadelphia in the war of 1812; grandson of William 
Hamilton Henry, a noted lawyer, and Ann Eliza Neale, of Phila- 
delphia; son of Horatio Morris Henry, a prominent journalist, 
first of Bucks County, Pa., and at the time of his death of New 
York, and Sarah Ann Nugent, of Nova Scotia; journalist; busi- 
ness manager of the New York Herald from 1867 to 1884; mar- 
ried Alice Savent, of Nyack, on the Hudson, and has eight chil- 
dren, six boys and two girls. 

Henry, William Wirt, LL.D., Eichmond, Va. ¥\v%i year. 

Vice President for Virginia in the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America; bom at Ecd Hill, Charlotte County, Va.; son of John 
Henry and Elvira McClelland; lawyer; member of the House of 
Delegates and Senate of Virginia; Vice President of the Virginia 
Historical Society; President of the Scotch-Irish Society of Virginia. 

Herron, Col. W. A., Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

Life member of the vScoteh-Irish Society of America; born at 
16 



242 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Pittsburg; loading real estate man of Pittsburg; a director in a 
number of charitable and educational institutions, and prominent 
in all public enterprises. 

HoGAN, John P., Salem, Columbiana County, O. First year. 

Born September 10, 1826, in Liverpool, England; his father 
was Irish, from Limerick; mother Scotch-Irish, descended from 
the Douglases, of Scotland; his parents came to America when 
he was four years old; manufacturer; City Treasurer and mem- 
ber of School Board, Salem, O. 

Holmes, William, 10 and 12 Wood Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First 
year. 

HoTCHKiss, Jed, " The Oaks," 346 Bast Beverly Street, Staunton, 
Ya. 1891. 

Consulting mining engineer. 

Houston, Frank, XJrbana, O. 1893. 

Born in Fintona, County Tyrone, Ireland; son of William 
Houston and Margaret King; his ancestor, John Houston, at the 
siege of Londonderry, was selected to shoot at the man on the 
lookout on the French frigate laying the boom across the chan- 
nel to keep out the relief ships; the shot justified the expectation; 
the gun used is a sacred relic in the family; merchant. 

Houston, James W., 436 Lincoln Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 1890. 
Born at Garragh, County Derry, Ireland; wholesale grocer. 

Houston, Rev. Samuel, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. 1891. 

Born at Bellaghy, County Antrim, Ireland; son of John Hous- 
ton, farmer, long an elder of the congres^ation of Killymonis, and 
Jane Heaney, daughter of Hugh Hcaney, of Bally lig; minister; 
ordained in Calvin Church, St. John, New Brunswick, January, 
1869, where he ministered nearly five years; then for a year and 
a half in Eaisin, Mich.; returned to Canada in 1876, and was for 
nearly seven years pastor at Bathurst, New Brunswick; for past 
eight years has been in charge of Cooke's Church (Presbyterian), 
Kingston. 

Houston, Thomas, Philadelphia, Pa. 1893. 

Houston; William Paxton, Lexington, Ya. First year. 

Born at Lexington, Kockbridge County, Ya.; son of Rev. Sam- 
uel Rutherford Houston, D.D., • and Margaret Parks Paxton 
Hou:*ton; lawyer; judge County Court of Rockbridge Coun- 
ty, Ya. 

Howard, J. B., 824 Warren Street, Chicago, 111. First year. 

Born at Carrick fortius, County Antrim, Ireland; father and 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 243 

mother born at Carrickfergus; James Boyett, a relative on his 
mother's side, was Mayor of Carrickfergus in 1606 and 1608; 
gas engineer. 

Humphries, Prop. David Carlisle, Lexington, Ya. . First year. 
Born in Wythe County, Va.; parents, William Finley Humph- 
ries, M.p., and Bettie McFarland, both Scotch-Irish, and came 
from Augusta County, Ya. ; Professor of Applied Mathematics, 
Washington and Lee Uniyersity; member of the St. Louis Acad- 
emy of Science. 

Hunt, Benjamin Powell, Huntsville, Madison County, Ala. 1893. 
Born in Salem, Franklin County, Tonn. ; lawyer and journalist; 
magistrate; Secretary Cincinnati and Birmingham Eailroad 
Company; General Manager Hagey Institute of Huntsville, 
Ala.; founder and first editor for two years of Daily Mercury^ 
Huntsville, Ala. 

Hunter, Rev. C. J., D.D., North Bast, Pa. First year. 

Hunter, W. Hugh, Dallas, Tex. 1891. 

Principal mover in the organization of the Scotch-Irish Society 
of Atlanta, and its first Secretary; member of the Executive 
Committee of the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

Hunter, William Henrt, Steubenville, Jefiferson County, O. First 
year. 

Born at Cadiz, Harrison County, O.; his father, Joseph R., 
was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., in May, 1804, son of James, 
born in the same county in 1777, whose father was born in Ulster 
and settled in Fauquier County, Va.; his mother, Letitia McFad- 
den, was born in Coothill, County Cavan, Ireland, daughter of Sam- 
uel McFadden and Lydia Stafford; Samuel was the son of George 
McFadden and Isabella Mcintosh, daughter of Sir James Mcin- 
tosh; editor and proprietor of the Steubenville Gazette^ in connec- 
tion with Henry Hunter McFadden; Democratic candidate for 
presidential elector on ticket with Cleveland and Thurman; Vice 
President for Ohio in the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

Irvine, Eobert Tate, Big Stone Gap, Va. 1893. 

Born in Boyle County, Ky. ; son of Abram Walter Irvine and 
Sophia Tate Irvine; Abram Walter Irvine was the son of Abram 
Dean Irvine and Mary Irvine; Abram Dean Irvine was the son 
of Eobert Irvine and Judith Glover Irvine; Eobert Irvine was 
the son of Abram Irvine and Mary Dean Irvine ; Mary Irvine, 
wife of Abram Dean Irvine, was the daughter of Abram Irvine 
and Margaret McAfee Irvine; Margiuvt McAfee was of the fam- 



244 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

iljr of McAfees who cnme to Virginia with the Scotch-Irish im- 
migrants; Abram Irvine, of Virginia, waa the son of Rev. John 
Irvine, a Presbyterian minister, who sailed from Londonderry on 
May 9, 172?; Sophia Tate Irvine was the daughter of Robert 
Stuart Tate and Dorothy Lisle Tate ; Robert Stuart Tate was the 
son of Isaac Tate and Mary Steele Tate ; Dorothy Lisle Tate 
was the daughter of Daniel Lisle ; Isaac Tate was the son of 
Capt. James Tate, of Rock bridge County, Va., who was a soldier 
in the Revolutionary War, and was killed at the battle of Guilford 
C. H.; attorney at law; Bachelor of Law of the University of 
Virginia, Class of 1889; licensed to practice law in June, 1889, at 
Richmond, Va. ; removed to, and located at, Big Stone Gap, Va.y 
in January, 1890. 

Irwin, William, 1070 Lexington Avenue, New York City. 1893. 

Jackson, F. Woolcot, Newark, N. J. 1891. 

Jewett, Hon. Charles L., New Albany, Ind. 1891. 

Born in Hanover, Ind.; lawyer; district attorney Fourth In- 
diana District ; prosecuting attorney Fifth Indiana Circuit ; mem- 
ber Indiana Legislature; Speaker Indiana House of Representa- 
tives; Chairman Democratic State Committee since May, 1888; 
Chairman Democratic State Executive Committee since May, 1888. 

Johnson, James Nichol, 383 Pennsylvania Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 
1891. 

Born at Ardee, Newton Cunningham, County Donegal, Ireland; 
father Scotch-Irish, and his ancestors also Scotch-Irish for sev- 
eral generations ; mother Scotch, a native of Haddington, Scot- 
land; father's mother, Margaret Irvine, a native of Strabane, 
County Tyrone, Ireland. 

Johnson, Richard Van Eman, Cannonsburg, Washington County, 
Pa. First year. 

Born September 23, 1841 ; son of John Johnson and Rebecca 
Van Eman, of Scotch-Irish parentage on both side.s ; farmer and 
surveyor; justice of the peace in 1884; member of the Legisla- 
ture in 1885-86; Director in the Pennsylvania Reform School at 
Morganea, Pa., 1876-81 ; Director in the Citizens' National Bank, 
AA^ashington, Pa., since 1885 ; also in Allegheny National Bank, 
Pittnburg, Pa., since 1890 ; elder in the Central Presbyterian 
Church, Cannonsburg, Pa. 

Johnson, Robert, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Johnson, William Preston, New Orleans, La. First year. 

Vice President for Louisiana in the Scotch-Irish Society of 



LIST OF MEMBEBS. 246 

America. Born at Louisville, Ky., January 5, 1831 ; son of Gen. 
Albert Sidney and Henrietta Preston Johnson ; President of Tu- 
lane University; colonel in the Confederate army. 
Johnston, Andrew MagKenzie, Santa Ciniz, Santa Cruz County, 
Cal. 1891. 

Born at Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland; son of John 
Johnston and Sarah Ann Hall, both ScotchJrish ; ancestors were 
engaged in the defense of Derry; merchant; elder in Presbyteri- 
an Church. 
Johnston, Eev. Howard A., 952 West Eighth Street, Des Moines, 
la. 1892. 

Born at Cedarville, O. ; paternal gi*andfather a native of Scot- 
land, from the Edinburgh stock of Johnstons; maternal. grand- 
mother was a Stewart; other two ancestoi-s of Irish stock; min- 
ister; pastor Seventh Presbyterian Church, of Cincinnati, from 
1885 to 1890 ; pastor Central Presbyterian Church, of Des Moines, 
since 1890; received Ph.D. from University of Wooster in 1889. 
Johnston, James, Jr., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Springfield, O. ; grandmother born in Scotland, moved 
to Ulster and married; his father was born in Ulster; attorney 
at law ; Mayor of city of Springfield, O. 
Johnston, Stephen, Piqua, O. 1891. 

Born at Piqua, O.; father's birthplace Enniskillen, Ireland; 
attorney at law. 
Jones, Joseph M., Paris, Ky. 1893. 
Joyce, Edward Irvin, Columbia, Tenn. First year. 

Born at Shepherdsville, Ky. ; Scotch-Irish parentage; Southern 
Agent of William Mann Company, of Philadelphia and New 
York. 
Kearney, Peter, Prescott, Ariz. First year. 

Born in Ireland; of the Cashel family; telegrapher. 
Kelley, Eev. David Campbell, Leeville, Tonn. First year. 

Born at Leeville, Wilson County, Tenn.; his parents were John 
Kelley, son of Dennis Kelley, soldier of the Eevolution, and Mar- 
garet Lavinia Kelley, daughter of Col. David Campbell and Jane 
Montgomery ; minister of the gospel ; Secretary and Treasurer of 
Board of Missions M. E. Church, South; colonel of cavaliy C. S. 
A.; member of Board of Trust and projector of Vanderbilt Uni- 
versity; projector and President of Board of Trust of Nashville 
College for Young Ladies; four times a member of the General 
Conference M. E. Church, South. 



246 THE SCOTCH-IKISH IN AMERICA. 

Kelly, E. S., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Kelly, Oliver S., Springfield, Clark County, O. 1892. 

Born in Clark County, O., December 23, 1824; son of John and 
Margaret Kelly; paternal grandparents, James and Catherine 
Kelly, natives of Ireland; maternal grandparents, Alexander and 
Jane McBeth, natives of Scotland; manufacturer; Mayor of 
Springfield ; member City Council ; member Board of Waterworks 
Trustees; delegate from Seventh Ohio District to represent Na- 
tional Convention in Minneapolis in June, 1892. 

Kelly, O. W., Springfield, 0. 1893. 

Kennedy, G. C, Lancaster, Pa. First year. 

Kerfoot, Samuel H., 136 Eush Street, Chicago, 111. 1892. 

Born in Lancaster, Pa.; son of Eichard and Christiana (Bar> 
rett) Kerfoot, both Irish born ; Christiana Barrett daughter of 
George Barrett and Martha Cumming, of Armagh and Dublin;, 
real estate agent. 

Kerr, Frank H., Steubenville, O. 1891. 

Kerr, J. L. C, Atlanta, Ga. 1892. 

Kerr, Samuel, Recorder*s Office, Chicago, 111. 1891. , 

Born in Sligo County, Ireland ; son of Samuel Kerr and Ann 
(Cunningham) Kerr, all Scotch-Irish Presbyterians of Sliga 
County; his mother was Rebecca (Young) Kerr, whose jnother 
was a Dennison, from Paisley, Scotland ; the Youngs were Epis- 
copalians; two brothers of his paternal grandfather emigrated 
to the United States in the early part of this century, and settled 
in Cincinnati, O.; Mr. Kerr himself came to this country in 1864, 
and has lived in Chicago most of the time since; he has been 
clerk in the Recorder's office for nineteen years; before that, was 
four yeare in the employ of the Chicago and Northwestern Bail- 
way, 

Kerr, Samuel Griffith, 408 Lackawanna Avenue, Scranton, Pa. 
First year. 

Bom at MuckroBS, near Donegal, County Donegal, Ireland ; son 
of John Kerr and Rebecca (Young) Kerr; grandfather, Samuel 
Kerr; grandmother, Ann (Cunningham) Kerr; President of the 
Scranton Bedding and Manufacturing Company; head of the firm 
of Kerr & Seibecker. 

Kidney, James, 119 to 121 East Second Street, Cincinnati, O. First 
year. 

King, Louis W., Youngstown, 0. 1893. 

Born in Columbiana County, 0. ; grandfather a native of Lod» 



LIST OP MEMBERS. 247 

donderry, Ireland; grandmother Scotch; maternal grandfather 
German, grandmother Scotch; attorney at law; Judge of Pro- 
bate Court of Mahoning County from 1882 to 1888; Chairman of 
the Eepublican State Central Committee, 1890-91. 

KiNKADE, Samuel, Nashville, Tenn. First year. 

Knott, J. Proctor, Lebanon, Ky. First year. 

His paternal ancestors were of Danish origin and lived in 
Northumberland, England, whence his grandfather's grandfather, 
Rev. Thomas Knott, emigrated at a very early day; his only 
son, Eev. Thomas Percy Knott, married Jane Hart, and his only 
son, Thomas Percy Knott, married Fanny Ray; on his mother's 
Bide is of pure Scotch-Irish extraction ; his father, Joseph Percy 
Knott, married Maria Irvine McElroy; her grandfathers father, 
James McBlroy, and her grandmother's father, Rev. John Irvine, 
both of whose ancestors were from Scotland, emigrated with their 
families from Ulster Province on the ship "George and Anne" in 
1729 or 1730; her grandfather, Samuel McElro}^ (son of James), 
came over with his father, and on reaching man's estate married 
Mary Irvine (daughter of John), who had been his playmate on 
the passage over; her father, William E. McElroy (son of Samuel 
and Mary), married Keturah Cleland ; Keturah Cleland's father, 
Philip Cleland, married a Richards, of Scotch-Irish extraction, 
and his father, Dr. Thomas Cleland, and his mother were Scotch- 
Irish immigrants, who settled in Virginia in 1732. 

Knox, Rev. James H., 82 Wall Street, New Haven, Conn. 1893. 
Born in New York City; son of Rev. John Knox, D.D., and 
Euphemia Provost (Mason) Knox, of New York City; D. K. son 
of Samuel Knox, M.D., of Adams County, Pa., and Rebecca 
(Hodge) Knox; Mrs. Knox daughter of Rov. John M. Mason, 
D.D., and Ann (Leffoi-ts) Mason, of New Y'ork City; Presbyteri- 
an minister; pastor Presbyterian Church, German Yalley, N. J.; 
Reformed Dutch Church, Easton, Pa.; First Presbyterian Church, 
Gcrmantown, Pa.; Presbyterian Church, Bristol, Bucks County, 
Pa. ; President of Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. 

Kyle, James, 131 Vinton Street, Providence, R. I. 1892. 

Born near Dungannon, Tyrone County, Ireland ; ancestors Kyles, 
McCauleys, Pinkertons, and Ashfields; shipping clerk for Nichol- 
son File Company; elder in the XJ. P. Church of Providence. 

Lamberton, Charles Lytle, 46 West Twenty-second Street, New 
York City. 1890. 

Born at Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa.; his ancestors all 



248 THE SOOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

Scotch-Irisb, who emigrated from Ireland about 1748 and settled 
in the Cumberland Yalley; son of Maj. Robert Lamberton and 
Mary Harkness; paternal grandparents Gen. James Lamberton, 
who emigrated from County Derry, Ireland, and Janet McKee- 
han; maternal grandparents William Harkness, emigrant from 
Ireland, and Priscilla Lytle, a native of Pennsylvania; lawyer; 
formerly Senator of Pennsylvania, and a member of Governor h 
staff; delegate to National Democratic Convention in 1864 and 
1872; fellow of the American Geographical Society. 

Lamberton, W. R., Pelham Manor, New York City. 1891. 

Born at Warrington, Fla.; father Scotch-Irish descent; moth- 
er English and French ; lawyer ; holds several local offices and a 
number in railroad companies. 

Latel, Rev. James, Xcnia, 0. 1893. 

Latimer, James William, York, Pa. First year. 

Born at West Philadelphia, Pa., June 24, 1836; Scotch-Irish 
parentage; paternal grandmother descended from an English 
Episcopal family (Bartow) and a French Huguenot family (Ben- 
eget); lawyer; in 1885 elected law judge of the Nineteenth Judi- 
cial District of Pennsylvania, composed of the county of York, 
which office he still holds. 

Latty, Alexander S., Defiance, O. 1891. 

Born in Ireland June 30, 1815; judge of Court of Common 
Pleas and District Courts in the Third Judicial District of the 
State of Ohio from February, 1857, to February, 1877. 

Lee, Judge John M., Nashville, Tenn. First year. 

LiTHGOw, Hon. James S., Louisville, Ky. 1891. 

Born at Pittsl)urg, Pa., November 29, 1812; parents were from 
Province of Ulster; manufacturer; Mayor of Louisville. 

Livingston, Thomas Moore, M.D., Columbia, Pa. 1892. 

Born near Huntingdon, Huntingdon County, Pa.; physician; 
trustee in the Presbyterian Church of Columbia, Pa.; President 
of Lancaster City and County Medical Society, and a member of 
the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and of the American 
Medical Society. 

Logan, Judge Samuel T., Knoxville, Tenn. 1892. 

Born in Abingdon, Va.; grandfather Logan Scotch; grand- 
mother McKeynolds Scotch-Irish; judge of Circuit Court of 
Knox County, Knoxville, Tenn.; State Senator. 



LIST OF MEMBEliS. 249 

Lucky, Cornelius Evarts, Kiioxville, Tenn. 1891. 

Lyle, Eev. Samuel B. D. Hamilton, Ontario. First year. 

McAlarney, Matthias Wilson, Harrieburg, Dauphin County, Pa. 
1891. 

Bom at Mifflinburg, Pa. ; son of John McAlarney, born in Long- 
ford, Ireland, and Catherine Wilson, who was born in Pennsylva- 
nia, and whose parents were natives of Maryland, of Scotch-Irish 
ancestry; editor and publisher of the Harrishurg Daily Telegraph ; 
postmaster of the city of Harrisburg from September, 1874, to 
April, 1887 ; member of the Scotch-Irish Society of Pennsylvania ; 
editor of the "History of the Frontier Church of Eev. (Col.) 
John Elder Paxtang," the corner stone of whose present building 
was laid in 1740. 

McBratney, Eobert, 120 Franklin Street, New York City. 1892. 
Born in Belfast, Ireland; agent, representing the York Street 
Flax Spinning Company (L. & S,), of Belfast. 

McBride, Willdim C, 499 Third Street, Brooklyn, N. J. 1892. 

McCall, Ansel James, Bath, Steuben County, N. Y. First year. 
Born at Painted Post, Steuben County, N. Y., January 14, 
1816; son of Ansel and Ann McCall; lawyer. 

McCandless, E. y., Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

McCandless, Stephen, Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

Born at Pittsburg, Pa. ; parents Wilson and Sarah N. McCand- 
less; attorney at law, and Clerk of the United States District 
Court of Western Pennsylvania. 

MoCarter, Thomas Nesbitt, LL.D., Newark, N. J. First year. 
Born at Morristown, N. J.; father, Eobert H. McCarter, son 
of John McCarter, a native of Ireland; mother, Elizabeth B. 
McCarter, a daughter of Thomas Nesbit, also born in Ireland; 
lawyer; LL.D. of Princeton College^ member of New Jersey 
Assembly; Chancery Eeporter of Ne^ Jersey; commissioner to 
settle boundary line between New York and New Jersey. 

JtfoCLAUQHRY, Charles Chase, Hoboken, Allegheny County, Pa. 
1892. 

Born at Carthage, Hancock County, 111., April 7, 1863; son of 
Bobert, son of Matthew, son of Thomas, son of Andrew, son of 
Thomas, son of Matthew McClaughry, a Scotchman resident in 
Longford County, Ireland, and one of the Clinton colony who 
sailed for America in 1729; deputy superintendent Allegheny 
County Workhouse; formerly chief engineer Illinois Slate Peni- 
lentiaiy, Joliet, 111. 



250 THE BCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

McClaughry, Egbert Wilson, 213 TWenty-eighth Street, Chicago^ 
111. 1891. 

Born at Fountain Green, Hancock County, 111.; his father, 
Matthew McClaughry, born in Delaware County, N. Y., and hia 
parents came from County Longford, Ireland; his mother, Mary 
Hume McClaughry, daughter of Robert and Catherine Hume, 
born near Hume (Home) Castle, Berwick on Tweed, Scotland; 
General Superintendent Pennsylvania Industrial Eeformatory, 
Huntingdon, Pa.; Major One Hundredth and Eighteenth Illinois 
Yolunteer Infantry from 1862 to July, 1864; Paymaster U. S. 
A. from July, 1864, to October, 1865; county clerk Hancock 
County, 111., from December, 1865, to December, 1869; warden 
Illinois Stat« Penitentiary, Joliet, 111., from August 1, 1874, to 
December, 1888; General Superintendent Pennsylvania Industrial 
Reformatory December 1, 1888; now Chief of Police in Chicago. 
MgClellan, Henry Brainerd, Lexington, Ky. 1892. 

Bom October 17, 1840; son of Samuel McClellan, M.D., Phik 
adelphia, Pa.; son of James McClellan, Woodstock, Conn., born 
September 20, 1769 ; son of Gen. Samuel McClellan, born at Wor- 
cester, Mass., January 4, 1730; parents of Gren. Samuel McClellan 
emigrated from Kirkcudbright, Scotland, date unknown; Sam- 
uel McClellan served as ensign and lieutenant in the French and 
Indian War; was wounded, removed to Woodstock, Conn., served 
as captain of a troop of horse from 1773 to 1775, commissioned 
major of Eleventh Connecticut Regiment October 15, 1775, lieu- 
tenant colonel of same December 27, 1776, colonel of same Janu- 
ary 23, 1779, brigadier general Fifth Brigade Connecticut Militia 
June' 10, 1784, served under Washington in New Jereey, in 1776. 
McClellan, Judge Robert Anderson, Athens, Ala. First year. 

Born oear Fayetteville, Lincoln County, Tenn.; son of Thomas 
Joyce McClellan and Martha Fleming Beatie, both Scotch-Irish; 
lawyer since 1870; Mayor of Athens, Ala.; member of Constitu- 
tional Convention of Alabama in 1875 ; member of Alabama state 
Senate, 1876-77. 
McClelland, Joseph Wilson, 607 North Eleventh Street, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 1892. 

Born in Upper Strasburg, Franklin County, Pa., 
McClelland, Thomas S., 417 Superior Street, Chicago, 111. 1892. 

Born at Sharon, Beaver County, Pa.; son of Thomas and Esther 
(Wilson) McClelland; graduated from Williams College, Mass., in 
June, 1864; entered Federal army (Sherman's Command) in Geor- 



- LIST OF MEMBERS. 251 

gia and mustered out in July, 1865 1 admitted to the bar and com- 
menced practice in Juno, 1867; grandfather was William McClel- 
land, who settled at Mt. Jackson, Lawrence County (formerly 
part of Beaver), Pa., in the latter part of the last centuiy, where his 
father was born ; great-grandfather was Thomas McClelland, who 
from about 1760 to his death in 1809 lived near Newburg, Cum- 
berland County, Pa. ; Presbyterian family ; mother's family were 
Covenanters; tradition says the family ancestors passed over into 
Ireland from Kirkcudbright, Scotland, at a period known as the 
« Ulster Plantation." 

MoClintick, William T., Chillicothe, O. First year. 

Bom at Chillicothe, O.; father, James McClintick; mother,. 
Charity McClintick ; attorney and counselor at law ; admitted to 
the Ohio bar in 1840; afterward admitted to practice in the Su- 
preme Court of the United States; prosecuting attorney for Eoss 
County, O., 1849 to 1881 inclusive; President of the Cincinnati 
and Baltimore Eailroad from 1863 to 1883; President of the Bal- 
timore Short Line Baiboad Company in 1882; President of the 
Ohio and Mississippi Eailroad Company, 1879-84; President of 
the Cincinnati, Baltimore, and Washington Eailroad Company, 
1883-90; general counsel for and director in a number of other 
railroads; Trustee of the Ohio Wesleyan University and other ' 
similar institutions. 

McClunq, Col. D. W., Cincinnati, O. First year. 

McClure, Col. Alex. Kelly, Times Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Fifet year. 

Yice President for Pennsylvania in the Scotch-Irish Society 
of America; born at Center, Perry County, Pa., January 9, 1828; 
Scotch-Irish parentage; editor and lawyer; State Superintendent 
of Printing; State Eepresentative three years; State Senator six 
years; Assistant Adjutant General United States five months; ed- 
itor of the Philadelphia Times. 

MoClure, William, New York Stock Exchange, New York City. 
1891. 

Born at Carlisle, Pa., July 12, 1846; son of Charles McClure, 
member of Congress about 1840, and Secretary of Commonwealth 
for Pennsylvania under Gov. Porter; mother, Margaretta Gibson, 
daughter of John Bannishee Gibson, for many years Chief Justice 
of Pennsylvania; stockbroker. 

McConnell, Mrs. Eliza, Angola, Ind. 1893. 



252 THE SC0T0H-I1U8H IN AMERICA. 

McCoNNELL, George W., Angola, Ind. 1891. 

McGoNNELL, John Alexander, 87 Water Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 
First year. 

Born at Harlom Springs, Can*oll County, O. ; ancestors on both 
sides came from the North of Ireland three or four generations 
ago; engineer and manufacturer; Chairman of the Prohibition 
State Convention, member of the Prohibition State Executive 
Committee, and Chairman of the County Committee. 

McConnell, Samuel D., D.D.^ 1318 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
1892. 

Born in Westmoreland County, Pa., in 1845; son of David Mc- 
Connell and Agnes Guthrie; grandson of David McConnell and 
Martha Whiteside; great-grandson of John Daniel McConnell and 
Eebecca Kirkpatrick; clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church; President (1892^ of Pennsylvania Scotch-Irish Societj-; 
Fellow of American Institute of Philosophy; Fellow of American 
Society of Church History; Assistant Fellow of British Institute. 

McCooK, Hon. Anson G., otfice Secretary Senate, Washington, D. C. 
1892. 

Born in Steubenville, O.; second son of John McCook, M.D., and 
Catharine Julia McCook; father born in Pennsylvania; mother 
born in Hartford, Conn.; Secretary United States Senate, and 
President iV^du? York Law Journal; captain, major, lieutenant colo- 
nel, and colonel Second Ecgiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry during 
the war; also colonel One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Hegiment 
Ohio Volunteers, and brevet brigadier general volunteers; assessor 
Internal Kevenue Steubenville District; member Congress, Eighth 
New York District, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh 
Congresses. 

McCooK, George W., Steubenville, 0. First year. 

McCooK, Gen. John I., 120 Broadway, New York City. 1893. 

McCoRMiCK, Cyrus Hall, 212 Markot Street, Chicago, IlL 1891. 

McCoRMiCK, Henry, Harrisburg, Pa. 1891. 

Born in Harrisburg, Pa. ; son of James McCormick, born at 
Silver Spring (lower settlement) Church, Cumberland County, 
Md.; great-grandfather settled there in 1760; ironmaster. 

McCormick, William, Leigh ton, Colbert County, Ala. 1891. 

Born at Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland; father a na- 
tive of Dublin, and mother of Carrickfergus; merchant; general- 
ly postmaster under a Democratic administration; notary public. 

McCoy, Dii. Alex., Pokin, III. Firdt your. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 253 

McCracken, Alexander McBride, 610 Lexington Street, Louia 
ville, Ky. 1891. 

Born at Bueyrus, O. ; Superintendent Louisville, St. Louis, and 
Texas Railway Company. 

McCrea, Huoh, Kashville, Tenn. 1893. 

Bom in Stranorler, Donegal County, Ireland ; commission mer- 
chant. 

McCready, William Stewart, Black Hawk, Sauk Co., Wis. 1S91. 
' Born at Bally corraick. Parish of Bangor, County Down, Ireland, 
May 27, 1836; parents Covenanters, and came to America in 1850; 
fanner; captain Company G., Eleventh Regiment Wisconsin Vol- 
unteers in war of the rebellion ; wounded in action at Cache Riv- 
er, Ark., July 7, 1862, and at Vicksburg, Miss., June 17, 1863. 

McCrickart, S., 1010 Penn Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 
Born near Hillsboro, in Townland of Drumlough, Parish of Dro- 
morc. County Down, Ireland, November 3, 1845; name is Ulster 
form of McGregor; descendant of the Scotch McGregor clan that 
was broken by act of Parliament; son of John Edward McCrickart 
(or McGregor) and Agnes McCauley, both Presbyterians ; national 
teacher in Ireland from an early age; left Belfast May 20, 1848; 
sailed from Liverpool May 29, 1848, and landed in New York 
July 7, 1848; reached Pittsburg, Pa., July 20, 1848, where he has 
remained since; President of the Fort Pitt Coal Company for 
twenty-four years. 

McCuLLAGH, Rev. Archibald, Wooster, Mass. 1893. 

McCune, E. J., Shippensburg, Ind. 1893. 

McCuRDY, Rev. O. B., Duncannon, Pa. First year. 

MoDill, Rev. David, Xcnia, O. 1893. 

McDiLL, James Wilson, Creston, Union County, la. First year. 
Born at Munroe, Butler County, O.; Scotch-Irish parentage; 
attorney at law ; circuit judge ; district judge ; railroad commis- 
sioner; member of Congress ; United States Senator. 

McDonald, Alexander, Clifton, Hamilton County, O. 1892. 

Born in Scotland; merchant; President Standard Oil Company 
of Kentucky; President Consolidated Coal and Mining Compan}^, 
Cincinnati; elder in Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati; 
Director Third National Bank, Cincinnati; Cincinnati Southern 
R. R., C. C. C, & St. Louis Railway. 

McDonald, Andrew Wellington, Steubonville, O. Firet year. 
Born at Logstown, Beaver County, Pa.; father, Andrew Mc- 
Donald ; mother, June Irwin McDonald; contractor. 



254 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

McDonald, Daniel W., Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa. 1893. 
Born in Lower Tyrone Township, Fayette County, Pa.; son of 
James N. McDonald, and grandson of Daniel McDonald ; attorney 
at law. 

McDonald, Hon. Henry, Clifton, Hamilton County, O. 1893. 

McDowELL, Edward Campbell, Nashville, Tenn. First year. 

Born in Fayette County, Ky. ; son of Capt. John Lyle McDow- 
ell, son of Col. James McDowell, son of Judge Samuel McDowell, 
son of Captain John McDowell, son of Ephraini McDowell, who 
was their first American ancestor and who was a soldier at the 
siege of Deny ; lawyer; lieutenant of artillery. Confederate army; 
colonel of Tennessee militia; past Second Yice President at large 
in the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

McDowell, Col. H. C, Lexington, Ky. First year. 

Owner of "Ashland/' home of Henry Clay, whose daughter he 
married. 

McDowell, Dr. Hbrvst, Cynthiana, Ky. Fii-st year. 

Bom in Fayette County, Ky.; son of John Lyle and Kancy 
Hawthorne (Vance) McDowell: physician and surgeon; elder in 
the Presbyterian Church. 

McDowell, Hervet, Jr., Cynthiana, Ky. 1893. 

McDowell, Samuel James Polk, Lockhart, Caldwell County, Tex. 
First year. 

Born at Columbia, Maury County, Tenn., July 6, 1824; son of 
Samuel MrDowell and Isabella McCleary; Scotch-Irish descent; 
his paternal grandparents were John and Esther McDowell; his 
maternal grandparents, Thomas and Jane Creigh, emigrated to 
the L nited States in 1792; landed at Wilmington; thence to Au- 
gusta County, Va.; his parents moved from Augusta County to 
Greenbrier County, Va. ; thence to Columbia, Tenn; farmer; del- 
egate to Democratic State Convention from Hardeman County, 
Tenn., at Nashville in 1853; moved to Caldwell County, Tex., 
same year; county clerk four years; member of first Confeder- 
ate I^egislature, 1860-62; resigned; captain Company K, Seven- 
teenth Texas Volunteer Infantry, C. S. A., trans-Mississippi De- 
partment, 1862-65; district and county clerk, 1873-80. 

McDowell, William Osborne, 20 Spencer Street, Newark, N. Y. 
First year. 

Born at the Rihart, Pluckarain, Somerset County, N. J.; Scotch- 
Irish and Enirlish-llui^uenot parentage; railrojui President; Na- 
tional Vice Presi'lont General Sons of the American Revolution- 



LIST OF MEMBERS. .256 

executive councilman American Institute of Christian Philosophy; 
Council-in-chief Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. 
McFadden, Henry Hunter, Steubenville, O. First year. 

Born at Cadiz, Harrison County, O. ; son of Henry Stafford Mc- 
Fadden, born at Coothill, County Cavan, Ireland, and Frances Isa- 
bella Poore, born in York County, Pa.; editor and publisher of 
Steubenville Gazette, jointly with W. H. Hunter; member of the 
Ohio State Board of Charities. 
MoGiNNis, Alexander, Prairie Du Sac, Wis. 1891. 

Born at Baragh, County Tyrone, Ireland; clerk; sheriff and 
postmaster. 
McGowAN, David, Steubenville, O. First year. 

Born at Steubenville, O. ; son of David and Mary Heed Mc- 
Gowan ; wholesale grocer; Vice President of Steubenville National 
Bank. 
McGuiRE, Dr. Hunter, 513 East Grace Street, Kichmond, Ya. First 
year. 

Bom at Winchester, Va.; Scotch-Irish parentage; surgeon; 
medical director Second Corps A. N. Va.; professor of surgery 
Medical College of Virginia, Emeritus; President American Sur- 
gical Association, 1887; President Southefrn S. and G. Associa 
tion, 1889 ; Vice President American Medical Association, 1881. 
McIlhenny, Mrs. Bernice, Upsal Station, near Germantown, Phil- 
adelphia, Pa. First year. 
McIlhekny, Oliver, Hillsboro, Miss. 1891. 

Born at Mi Iford, County Donegal, Ireland; Scotch-Irish parentage^ 
engineer and manager of gas works for twenty-eight years. 
McIlhenny, John, 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Fir!*t year. 
Treasurer of Scotch-Irish Society of America. ^ 
McIntire, Albert, Springfield, O. 1893. 

McKay, James B., 115 Griswold Street, Detroit, Mich. First year. 
Born at Limavady, County Londonderry, Ireland ; son of James 
McKay and Mary McClellan; dealer in real estate; bank director. 
MgKean, Alexander F., York, Livingston County, N. Y. 1892. 

Bom in County Armagh, Ireland; merchant. 
McKee, Wilson, Steubenville, O. First year. 
McKeehan, Charles Watson, 634 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 1891. 

Born in Juniata County, Pa.; attorney at law. 
McKelvey, Kev. Alex., Jersey City, N. J. First year. 



256 THE SC0TCH-IBI8H IN AMERICA. 

■ 

McKenna, David, Slatington, Lehigh County, Pa. 1891. 

Born at Nowton Stewart, Wigtonshire, Scotland ; Scotch par- 
entage; mother a McDowell; slate manufacturer and dealer; eld- 
er in the Presbyterian Church of Slatington, Pa., since 1878; 
school director for over twenty years; notary public for eighteen 
yeai's ; candidate for the Assembly in Pennsylvania, and also for 

. State Senator on the Eepublican ticket in his district; delegate to 
the Republican State Convention several times, and a delegate to 
the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1887. 

McKiBBEN, Lewis, 275 South Limestone Street, Springfield, O. 
1893. 

Born in Clinton County, O. ; father, Gideon McKibben, was in 
the War of 1812; grandfather was John McKibben; mother was 
Jane Stewart, whose father was Samuel Stewart, a soldier in the 
Eevolutionary War; an educator for thirty-three yeai*s; professor 
of mathematics and natural sciences in the Hillsboro College, and 
teacher of high school; Superintendent of public schools in Hills- 
boro, O., for twenty-eight years. 

McKiM, John, Steubenville, O. 1892. 

Born in Brooks County, West Virginia; farmer, 

McKiNLEY, Hon. William, Columbus, O. 1892. 
Governor of state of Ohio. 

McLanahan, J. King, Hollidaysburg, Pa, First year. 
Life member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

McLaughlin, Dr. J. T., Springfield, O. 1893. 

McLaughlin, Judge AVilliam, Lexington, Va. First year. 

Born in Rockbridge County, Va. ; Scotch-Irish parentage; judge 
of the Circuit Court; member Virginia Convention ; member of Vir- 
ginia Legislature; judge of the Circuit Court of Virginia; judge of 
Special Court of Appeals of Virginia; Rector of Washington and Lee 
University. 

McLaury, Dr. James Savage, Onondaga Valley, Onondaga County, 
N. Y. 1892. 

Born in Koitright, Delaware County, N. Y., October 9, 1815; 
Bon of Matthew McLaury and Margaret Riggs; grandson of 
Thomas McLauiy and Agnes Harsha ; retired physician. 

McLean, John H., Iron Mountain, Mich. 1891. 

Born at Ncenah, Wis.; father Scotch-Irish; mother Irish; has 
charge of supply store for Chapin Mining Company; supervisor 
for the city; member of Board of Education ; and one of the Di- 
rectors of the Iron Mountain Biiil(Hn«:^ and Loan Association. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 257 

McLenahan, W. C, Laue Street, Cincinnati, O. First year. 

McLeod, Eev. Thomas B., 256 Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn, N. T. 
1891. 

Bern at Castle Bayney, Ireland; came to this country in 1867 j 
graduated from Princeton College in 1870, and from Princeton 
Theological Seminary in 1873; pastor of the Clinton Avenue 
Congregational Church, Brooklyn, N. T. 

McMillan, Samuel, 247 Central Park, West New York City. 1891. 
Born at Dromore, County Down, Ireland; Scotch-Irish and 
French-Huguenot parentage; Director in Mutual Bank, New 
York City; Director in West Side Bank, New York City; Trus- 
tee and Treasurer of Central Baptist Church twelve years; mem- 
ber of the Heal Estate Exchange and Chairman of Tax Com- 
mittee. 

McMillan, Samuel J. K., LL.D., St. Paul, Minn. 1892. 

Bom in Brownsville, Pa., February 22, 1826 ; during his infancy 
his parents removed to Pittsburg, and he was graduated from Du- 
quesne College, which afterward merged into the Western Univer- 
sity of Pennsylv^ania; studied law in the offices of Hon. Charles 
Shaler and Hon. M. Stanton, and in 1849 commenced practice in 
Pittsburg; in 1852 he removed to Stillwater, Minn., where he im- 
mediately took a prominent position, at the bar, and attracted 
much attention by his brilliant conduct in certain important civil 
and criminal cases; he removed to St. Paul in 1856; he continued 
his practice until, the State Government of Minnesota being formed 
in 1858, he was elected Judge of the first Judicial District; in 
1864, together with Hon. Thomas Wilson, he was appointed Asso- 
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancies caused by 
the resignations of Hon. I. Atwater and Hon. Charles E. Flan- 
dran, and in the same year was elected to the same office for a 
full term of seven years; was reelected in 1871; in 1874 was 
chosen Chief Justice in the place of Hon. G. C. Ripley, resigned, 
and was at the next election returned for a full term; in Feb- 
ruary, 1875, he was chosen United States Senator; while in the 
Senate he was Chairman of Committee on Claims, and succeeded 
Boscoe Conkling ajs Chairman of Committee on Commerce and 
Committee oq Revolutionary Claims; in 1890 he was chosen as 
one of two men from the West, as a member of the Committee of 

j Revision of the Confession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church; 
in 1891 his Alma Mater conferred on him the degree of LL.D. ; aft- 
er serving two terms in the United States Senate, he renewed his 
17 



SJo8 THE SCOTCH-IKISH IN AMERICTA, 

professional duties, and is now practicing law with Mr. G. W. 
Lewis. 

McNally, Ebv. William, Northumberland, Pa. 1893. 

Born in Clough, County Down, Ireland; great-grandfather 
was a Munro, related to Gen. Munro, who distinguished himself 
during the Irish Rebellion in 1798 j grandmother was a Wilson; 
mother was a Miss McCartney; the McNallys are descendants 
of the MacNeills; Presbyterian clergyman; pastor of several 
congregations in New Hampshire and Pennsylvania. 

MoNamee, James, Homeland (Tompkinsvillc P. O.), Staten Island, 
N. Y. ; office address, 32 Nassau Street, New York City. 1893. 

Born in New York City; ancestors on father's side from fami- 
lies of McNamee, Scott, and Halyday, of Ulster; on mother's 
side from the Dutch and English families of Hogeboom and 
Holmes; counselor at law. 

McNeal, Hon. Albert T., Bolivar, Tenn. First year. 

McNuTT, Samuel, Muscatine, Ta. 1893. 

Bom near Londonderry, Province of Ulster; son of Samuel 
McNutt and Hannah McNutt (nee Stewart); member of Iowa 
House of Representatives six years, and four years Senator; 
served ten years in succession in both Houses; appointed United 
States Consul to Maricaybo, Venezuela, and resigned in 1890. 

McEeady, William, Louisville, Ky. 1891. 

Born in Ireland; his paternal grandparents, John Mclleady 
and Mary (Anderson) McReady, were natives of North Ireland, 
removing after marriage to Sligo, where his father, John Mc- 
Ready, was born; his mother was Ann Hines, of Castleboro ; the 
father died, leaving a widow and six children; William, being the 
eldest, came to America, and afterward sent for other monibers 
of the family; all of them now live in Louisville, except the 
mother, one brother, and one sister, who have since passed away, 
and one married sister living in Michigan; merchant. 

McRee, Rev. James McWhorter, North Vernon, Ind. 1891. 

Born in Iredell County, N. C; father, James Polk McRee; 
mother, Rebecca (Brevard) McRee; grandfather, Adam Brevard 
(author of Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence) ; Presbyte- 
rian minister. 

McShane, Daniel, Cynthiana, Ky. First year. 

Born in Harrison County, Ky.; son of Daniel McShano and 
Nancy Talbcrt; farmer. 

McVey, W. S., Springfield, O. 1893. 



LIST OF MEMBEKS. 259 

McYey, William L., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in North Liberty, Adams County, O.; manager for 
Whiteley Machine Company. 

McWiLLiAMS, John, 242 West Thirty-first Street, New York City. 
First year. 

McWiLLiAMS, John G., 3945 Lake Avenue, Chicago, LI. 1893. 

Born in Peterboro, Madison County, N. Y. ; father and mother 
born in the North of Ireland ; wholesale dry goods merchant. 

McWiLLiAMS, Lafayette, 3961 Lake Avenue, Chicago, LI. 1893. 
Born in Peterboro, Madison County, N. Y.; parents born in 
North of Ireland ; dry goods merchant. 

Macintosh, Ebv. J. S., D.D., 2021 DeLancy Place, Philadelphia, 
Pa. First year. 

Vice President General and member of the Executive Commit- 
tee and life member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America; 
President of the Scotch-Irish Society of Pennsylvania. Born in 
Philadelphia; educated in Europe; pastor of the historic Ten nant 
Church, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Mackey, Charles William, 7 West Twenty-sixth Street, New York, 
or Franklin, Pa. 1891. 

Born in Franklin, Venango County, Pa., November 19, 1840; 
paternal grandfather, William Mackey, who was bom near Inver- 
ness, Scotland; came to America in 1765, located at Port Du]X)8it, 
Cecil County, Md. ; paternal grandmother, Kaziah Rebecca Murphy, 
who was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, came to America also in 
1765; maternal great-grandfather, John Fagundus, born at Frank- 
fort, A. M., Germany; came to America in 1732; located at Phila- 
delphia, Pa. ; maternal great-grandmother came from same place, and 
located in same place; maternal grandfather, John Fagundus, and 
maternal grandmother, Mary (Cressman) Fagundus, were bom in 
Philadelphia, Pa. ; his father, Charles Washington Mackey, was bom 
at Port Duposit, Md., April 21, 1791; and his mother, Julia Ann 
(Fagundus) Mackey, in Lycoming County, Pa., December 14, 1801, 
and they were married at Dunstown, Lycoming County, Pa., Novem- 
9, 1820; located in Franklin, Pa., December 27, 1831 ; was an officer 
in the Union army during the rebellion; was special agent of the 
United States Treasury; Mayor of the city of Franklin, Pa.; City 
Solicitor three terms; member of the City Council several terms; 
member of the Park Commission ; Past Commander Grand Army of 
the Republic; member of the military order of the Loyal Lep;ion; 
Past Cninmander of Knights Teni])lar; President of tlie Tittsbufr, 



260 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

Bradford, and Buffalo Kailroad Co.; and President, Vice Presidentr 
and solicitor of several other railroads; now resides in New York 
City, and is solicitor for several large corporations; was a delegate 
to the Republican State Convention of 1876, and several other State 
conventions, and was an alternate delegate to the Republican Na- 
tional Convention of 1888 ; was admitted to the bar August 27, 1865^ 
and is a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, and of 
the Supreme Courts of several other States of the Union; anceBtor& 
were all Presbyterians. 

Mackey, George, 361 Front Street, Memphis, Tenn. 1891. 
Bom at Coolateo, County Donegal, Ireland. 

Macloskie, Prop. George, LL.D., Princeton, N. J. First year. 
Member of the Executive Committee and life member of the 
Scotch-Irish Society of America. Born at Castlcdawson, County 
LondondeiTy, Ireland; Scotch-Irish parentage; professor of biol- 
ogy in College of Now Jersey, Princeton. 

Magee, George I., Corning, N. Y. 1891. 

Bom at Bath, N. Y.; father, son of Irish parents from County 
Antrim; mother, daughter of Scotch parents; President of rail- 
road and coal companies; Trustee in trust companies; Director 
of several railroad corporations; for four years (1869-72) was 
Paymaster General of New York, and for sixteen years was 
Trustee of the Willard Insane Asylum, New York. 

Maqill, John, 148 Second Street, Troy, N. Y. 1891. 

Bom in the Parish of Droraore, County Down, Ireland, in 1831;. 
came to America in 1849; of Scotch-Irish descent; son of John 
Magill and Mary Johnston, whose forefathers came to Ireland in 
the year 1600; mason, builder, and contractor; General Assessor 
of Troy from 1870 to 1876; held office of Police Commissioner 
for the past twelve years. 

Mahood, Edwin Blow, 921 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First 
year. 

Maloy, Ed Nash, Gunnison City, Gunnison County, Colo. 1891. 
Born in Detroit, Mieh. ; father's birthplace Rochester, N. Y.; 
mother's birthplace Windsor, Canada; locomotive engineer, D. 
and R. G. Railroad. 

Maloy, William James, Gunnison City, Gunnison Co., Colo. 1891. 
Born in Detroit, Mich.; father's birthplace Rochester, N. Y.; 
mother's birthplace Windsor, Canada; locomotive engineer, D. 
and R. G. Railroad. 

Marshall, II. G. Springfield, O. 1893. 



LIST OF MEMBEBS. 261 

Martin, John, 6 Couch Street, Plattsburg, iT. T. 1892. 

Of Scotch-Irish parentage; ouBtoms officer. 
Martin, Thomas Leslie, Louisville, Ky. 1891. 

Born in Woodford County, Ky., 1858 ; youngest son of Jesse 
and Margaret Thornton Martin; mother's parents were Scotch- 
Irish, and settled in Pennsylvania; lawyer, graduate in the class 
of 1880 of law department of Louisville, with degree of LL.B.; 
married in 1884 to Miss Willie E. Hunter, a descendant of the 
Scotch-Irish families of Hall and McDonald, of Scotland and 
North Ireland. 
Maxwell, Georoe Troup, M.D., Jacksonville, Duval County, Fla. 
1892. 

Bom in Belfast plantation, Bryan County, Ga. ; ancestors the 
Maxwells of Maxwell ton, Scotland, and Belfast, Ireland, and 
South Carolina and Georgia, U. S. A.; physician; sketch in Ap- 
ple ton's Encyclopedia and Biography. 
Means, Arthur Frederick, 61 Court Street, Boston, Mass. 1890. 

Bom in Boston, Mass. ; his paternal ancestors, in lineal descent, 
were Robert Means, who settled in Falmouth, Me., in 1718; John 
Means, of Saco, Me., born in 1728, died in 1776; Robert Means, of 
Surry, Me., died in 1820 ; Robert Means, born at Saco, Me., in 
1783, died in 1842; and John Withan Means, who was the father 
of Arthur F. Means, his mother being Sophia Romney Wells; 
member of the Boston Common Council, and member of the Mas- 
sachusetts Legislature. 
Means, John McClelland, 47-49 South Jefferson Street, Chicago, 
III. 1893. 

Born near Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa.; Secretary and 
Treasurer of Chicago Gas and Electric Fixture Manufacturing 
Company. 
Means, William Gordon, 40 Water Sti*eet, Boston, Mass. 1893. 

Born at Amherst, Mass., April 27, 1815; grandfather came to 
America in 1760; grandmother, daughter of David McGregor 
and granddaughter of Rev. James McGregor, who came over in 
1718 with others and settled in Londonderry, N. H.; Treasurer 
of the Mann Locomotive Works; President of Salmon Falls Man- 
ufactory; Director in the New England National Bank; member 
of the New Hampshire Legislature. 
Meharo, John, Ravenna, Portage County, O. First year. 

Born at Drumlee, County Down, Ireland ; Scotch-Irish parent- 



2> 2 THE SCOXCH-IEJSH IX AJKEBICJL 

a^ire: ed::*:»r of the R-zVyAiafk; Mavor of Eavenna three vears: 

0:''ii.:v Clerk tine vear?; PrM«5^iv;ii»>r one term. 
ykujn. HzjraT R- K€*:.kuk, la. lSr^3. 

E->ni in SprlLir£«cIL C; crenea:>gy the same as John C- Itller; 

Prfe?'iriii of Ke>>kiik G^fc» Comj:«&ny. 
MiLLZz- Jri'GE JoHx C^ Cvarthooie, Sprinrfeld, O. 1S93. 

Bra In Sprin^di. O.; gT^il-great-gran iiaiLer came from 

S.-' :lir.'i in 17:>^; <rrtat-rraD'i:'aih^r ni:irr:ir»J a la-lv of S»;^>:L-b- 

Ir-'rL exirar-tion in PrictiE^ Ge«jr^ Coucix. Mi, al-»>at 17^«5; Jud^re 

of :Le Oi-art of Ci-nunvn Pleas and District of Ohio; Mayor of 

Scr'nz^elL O.; Pnzise^jaiir^ Atiomev of Clark Coantv; Ciiv So- 

liiitor; Pn>ta:e Juige, and Jad;j:e of Coart of Common Pleas; 

Eminent Commander of Palestine Commandery of Knights Tem- 

plar. Commanderir of C>hio. 
MniFB J«:«siAH X^ Capi. J»>aeph Miller, Xavy Yard, Brooklyn, X. 

T- 1S:>3. 

B-i^m :n Sprin^^celd, O. : geneal>gy the same as John C. Miller; 

cat'tain in United STaies Xavr; ail the variooa graies in said 

5<rrri*>r fr /m mid-hipman. 
MiLLES. Th- MAS, 9S and 1«» We?t Fourth Street^ Cineinnati O. 

FIr?t vtriir. 
Mfi.i.Fg, W. H_ 5S and W) Wejt Fourth Str«t, Cincinnati, O. !Rist 

vear. 
MiT»7HZLL, Rev. G. ^^ Walc>> T«:nn. First vear. 
MoiTATT. Arthitr B^ Le Sacor, 31 inn. 1:^:>3. 

B>m at P'>I-x C>^ie CoontT. IlL; his irreat-sTeat-firandLirher, 

Samael Mvfatt, was b-om at Ballvleair- Coantv Antrim. Ireland. 

Jcilv IS. 17»M: came to Anicrica when at"«>at thirtv vears of ase^ 

m ' mm ^- 

and marrlc^i Anne Grc^z^ who was t^^^m at Slush HulL Conniy 
FvniJiLagh. Irelanl JaiiC 12. 1710: they Scttld drst in Xew 
Jersev, but in 1752 remove»l to BlIii:^^^ Ck»ve, Orar..::e Count v,X. 
Y^ ani eni^iired in nLrmin:!: here thcv raised their laniiiv of 
twtrive cLi. irtn. dieLand were buried in BethicLemChun:hvard; 
I*;ia»:- 31 ruti. the sixth ehii 1. was h-om in 2^ew Jers^ry in 17-47; 
mirri^i Xaniv S-x^tt in 1770. and dioi in Delaware Cotintv, X 
Y- :n 1S25; of ih-ir nine children. David W. Mo5ati was the 
seTcn'.h. tN-m in Onir;^ Ci.»anty. X. Y.. in 1791: marrie^l Patty 
31 •re, of S^ili-tiirv, C-nn^ in I^IS: thev live-1 in Delaware and 
C:.:ii:^'iT.y C- an ties. X. Y., and remove^l to Uliti.is about 1S35: 
dl^i it Pv!«». LI., in l^rA and l^'.-:». re>y"t^-tivcly : of their six ohil- 
drtn. I*;iv:d B. il.rrli'.t was the liit'a. t-.»rQ in CLtniunj; Conntv. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 263 

N. Y., in 1823; he came West with his father, and in 1852 was 
married to Mary J. Jones at Eockton, 111. ; they now live at Kin- 
mundy, 111. ; Arthur B. Moffatt, the oldest of their five children, 
was born at Polo, III., July 30, 1854; went to Minnesota in 1873; 
married Fannie Snow in 1878; has been engaged in milling, 
stock raising, and banking; Treasurer of the Minnesota State 
Agricultural Society. 

Montgomery, Alexander, 1801 Leavenworth Street, San Francis- 
co, Cal. First year. 

Vice President for California, member of the Executive Com- 
mittee, and life member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America ; 
President of the California Scotch-Irish Society; born in County 
Down, Ireland, in 1825; pioneer, in 1848, to California, where he 
engaged in mining and accumulated a fortune; donated $250,000 
at one time to th^ Presbyterian Theological Seminary of San 
Francisco; prominently connected with various philanthropic in- 
stitutions. 

Montgomery, Col. John Alexander, Birmingham, Ala. 1892. 
Born in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, W. Va.; his ancestor, 
John Montgomery, came from Ireland in the early part of the 
eighteenth century, settled first in Pennsylvania; married Esther 
Houston, from North of Ireland; settled in Augusta County, Va.; 
several sons became prominent in border warfare, and were sol- 
diers of the Revolution ; one of these sons, Eev. John Montgom- 
ery, graduated from Princeton College in 1775, was one of the 
founders, trustees, and first teachers of Liberty Hall Academy; 
afterward pastor of the Presbyterian Churches at Winchester, 
Va., and Rocky Springs, Augusta County, Va. ; married Agnes 
Hughart; his son, John Montgomery, married Elizabeth Nelson, 
daughter of Alexander Nelson, who came from Ireland about 1776; 
James Nelson Montgomery, father of the subject of this sketch, 
married Ann S. Jacob, of Wheeling, Va., and settled in Lewis- 
burg, Greenbrier County, Va., now West Virginia ; President of 
Mary Lee Coal and Railroad Company; colonel of West Virginia 
Volunteers. 

Montgomery, William G., Birmingham, Ala. 1891. 

Born in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, W. Va.; his ancestor, 
John Montgomery, came from Ireland in the early part of the 
eighteenth century, Fettled first in Pennsylvania; married Esther 
Houston, from North of Ireland; settled in Augusta County, Va.; 
several sons became prominent in border warfare, and were sol- 



264 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

diers of the Eevolution; one of these sons, Rev. John Montgom- 
®^y> graduated from Princeton College in 1775, was one of the 
founders, trustees, and first teachers of Liberty Hall Academy; 
afterward pastor of the Presbyterian Churches at Winchester, Va., 
and Rocky Springs, Augusta County, Va. ; married Agnes Hug- 
hart; his son, John Montgomery, married Elizabeth Nelson, 
daughter of Alexander Nelson, who came from Ireland about 
1766 ; James Nelson Montgomery, father of the subject of this 
sketch, married Ann S. Jacob, of Wheeling, Va., and settled in 
Lewisburg,<xreenbrier County, Va., now West Virginia; civil en- 
gineer and merchant. 

MooNEY, William H., St^ubenville, Jefferson County, O. First 
year. 

Born in Jefferson County, O. ; son of Johnston and Elizabeth 
Murphy Mooney ; banker. 

Moore, Armour J., 1417 South Fourteenth Street, Denver, Colo. 
First year. 

Moore, Charles C, 2001 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
First year. 

Moore, Martin Kirk, Atlanta, Ga. 1892. 

Born in Yorkville, S. C; railway equipments; stocks and 
bonds. 

Moore, Silas M., Clark and Washington Streets, Chicago, 111. 1893. 
Born at Windham, N. H., a part of Londonderry; Scotch-Irish 
parents from LondondeiTy, Ireland, who settled Londonderry, N. 
H. ; real estate and loans. 

Morrison, Hon. Leonard Allison, Windham, N. H. 1891. 

Bom in Windham, N. II., February 21, 1843; son of Jeremiah 
and Eleanor Eeed (Kimball) Morrison; grandson of Dea. Samuel 
Morrison and Mrs. Margaret (Dinsmore) (Armor) Morrison; 
great-grandson of Lieut. Samuel Morrison and Martha Allison; 
Lieut. Morrison came from County Londonderry, Ireland, and 
was the son of James Morrison, who, with his father, John Mor- 
rison, was in the siege of DeiTy in 1688; author and historian; 
presided in annual town meetings for thirteen years; member of 
the New Hampshire House of Kepresentatives for two years; 
ChaiiTnan of the Committee on Education; member of the New 
Hampshire Senate; Chairman of the Committee on Education in 
that branch; author of the following works: "History of the 
Morison or Morrison Family," " History of Windham in New 
Hampshire," "Rambles in Europe; with Historical Facts Helat- 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 265 

ir.g to Scotch-American Families, Gathered in Scotland and in the 
North of Ireland," and "Among the Scotch-Irish, and My Sum- 
mer in Exile; A Tour in Seven Countries;" received the degree 
of A.M. from Dartmouth College in 1884. 

Morrison, Isaac L., Jacksonville, Morgan County, 111. 1892. 

Born in Kentucky; son of Scotch-Irish parents ; lawyer; mem- 
ber of Illinois Legislature. 

Morrow, David, 1502 Capouse Avenue, Scranton, Pa. 1890. 

Morrow, Georoe, 39 Clay Street, San Francisco, Cal. 1892. 

JkfoRROW, Paoli S., 29 East Main Street, Uniontown, Fayette Coun- 
ty, Pa. 1893. 

Born in East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, 
Pa., March 8, 1848; son of John Campbell Morrow ; grandparents, 
James Morrow and Jane Ferguson Morrow; great-grandfather, 
Samuel Morrow, who emigrated from County Tyrone, Ireland; 
attorney at law. 

liuNRO, Rev. John Henry, D.D., 714 North Broad Street, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 1891. 

Born at Rosedale, County Down, Ireland ; son of Daniel and 
Rachel Munro ; father's family came from Scotland in the seven- 
teenth century and settled on land granted for service to crown; 
mother's family (Crawford) came from Ayrshire in times of per- 
secution, and settled in County ; Presbyterian minister ; pas- 
tor of congregation of First Newry, Ireland, 1867-73; pastor of 
Third Presbyterian Church, Boston, Mass., 1873-75; pastor of 
Central Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Pa., 1875. 
^ Murphy, Rev. A. A., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Murphy, Rev. Thomas, D.D., 4315 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 1890. 

Born in County Antrim, Ireland, 1823; son of William and Mary 
Murphy; his father was elder of the Church which was the cel- 
ebrated Rev. Dr. Henry Cooke's first pastoral charge ; pastor for 
forty-one years of the Frankford Presbyterian Church in Phila- 
delphia; originator and chief conductor of the great Log College 
celebration, September 5, 1889 ; deputy from American Presbyte- 
rian Church to the Presbyterian Church of Ireland, 1873, and de- 
livered the address which awakened the first action in forming 
the Presbyterian Alliance ; author of " Pastoral Theology," " Pres- 
bytery of the Log College," and three other volumes; framer of 
the Sabbath School Department of the Presbyterian Board of 
Publication ; D.D. from Princeton College in 1872. 



266 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Murray, Charles S., Columbia, Lancaster County, Pa. 1893. 

Born at Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa. ; his father was 
Charles Gregg Murray, born at Carlisle, Pa., October 14, 1810; 
married Margaret Blair; his grandfather was George Murray, 
son of William and Susan (Sly) Murray, born March 17, 1762, at 
Fort Pitt, now Pittsburg, Pa.; his grandmother was Mary (Pol- 
ly) Denny, who married G. F. Murray June 21, 1804; Agnes 
Parker, his great-grandmother, married William Denny, who was 
born in Chester County, Pa., in 1737 ; Agnes Parker was a 
daughter of John Parker, born about 1716 ; he was the eldest son 
of Eichard Parker and Janet Parker, who emigrated from the 
Province of Ulster, Ireland, in 1725, and settled near Carlisle, 
Pa.; railroad agent Pennsylvania Eailroad at Columbia, Pa., for 
more than twenty years. 

Neilson, Eobert, Williamsport, Pa. 1893. 

Born in Ontario, Canada; son of Thomas Neilson and Eliza 
Downey, born in Island Mager, County Antrim, Ireland, and 
settled in Canada, in 1830; General Superintendent in Pa. R. R. 
service. 

Nelson, John Franklin, Hillsboro, Ohio. 1891. 

Born at Hillsboro, O. ; his paternal grandfather, a Scotch-Irish 
Presbyterian from County Down, Ireland, came to this country 
about 1775; was a merchant in Philadelphia during the Revolu- 
tionary War, after which he went to Augusta, Va., where he 
married Anne Matthews, of Scotch-Irish descent, and belonging 
to a family that has produced many noted men, among them 
being Prof. A. L. Nelson, of Washington and Lee University, 
Lexington, Va.; his father settled at Hillsboro, O., in 1812; his 
maternal grandfather was a Scott, of Scotch descent ; among his 
relatives of this family were Gen. Winfield Scott, and Dr. John 
Scott, who was the intimate friend of President William Henry- 
Harrison; President Benjamin Harrison's father was named after 
this Dr. Scott, and his wife was also a Scott; Mrs. President 
Hayes was a cousin of the subject of this sketch. 

Nelson, Robert, 342 Summit Street, Toledo, O. 1891. 

Born at Banbridge, Ireland; Scotch-Irish parentage; wholesale 
jeweler. 

Omelvena, Eev. James, Washington, Ind. First year. 

Born near Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland ; son of James 
Omelvena and Jennie Gibson; minister of the gospel. 

Orr, Charles Edgar, 419 Wood Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First year^ 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 267 

Bom at Orrstown, Franklin County, Pa.; Scotch-Irish and 
German parentage; iron broker and investment banker. 

Orr, John G., Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pa. First year. 
Born at Orrstown, Franklin County, Pa.; Scotch-Irish parent- 
age; editor; elder in two Churches. 

Orr, Egbert A., 419 Wood Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

Paden, Geo. Milliken, Union National Bank, Pittsburg, Pa. 1892. 
Born in Newtonards, County Down, Ireland; son of Hector 
Paden and Nancy Gordon; Assistant Cashier Union National 
Bank, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Park, Eev. James, Knoxville, Tenn. 1891. 

Born in Knoxville, Tenn.; son of James Park, native of Bal- 
leighan, Donegal County, whose lineage runs back to Olavo the 
Red, King of the Isle of Man, and is mingled with the Alexanders;, 
pastor First Presbyterian Church, Knoxville, Tenn.; minister of 
the gospel forty-five years; President Rogersville Female College 
from 1855 to 1859; President Washington College, Tennessee, in 
1857; trustee University of Tennessee; graduate East Tennessee 
University in 1840, Princeton Theological Seminary in 1846. 

Park, Eichard, 299 West Ninth Street, Cincinnati, O. First year. 

Born at Divlin More, County Donegal, Ireland; son of Eichard 

Park, of Dniraardah, County Donegal, Ireland, and Elizabeth 

Dill, of Dills of Springfield; ancestors came with William of 

Orange; retired manufacturer. 

Parke, Eev. N. G., D.D., Pittston, Pa. First year. 

Born in York County, Pa.; Scotch-Irish parents; pastor First 
Presbyterian Church, Pittston, Pa. 

Patton, Prop. E. L., University of South Carolina. 1893. 

Patton, Dr. James Murray, Kelly's Station, Armstrong County, 
Pa. First year. 

Born at Kittanning, Pa.; son of John M. and Elizabeth Stark 
Patton ; paternal grandparents, James and Mary Murray Patton; 
maternal grandparents, Eev. John Stark and Mary Scott Stark ; 
physician. 

Peacock, Eev. John, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. 1893. 

Peal, Franklin Dickson, New York City. 1893. 

Peale, Eembrandt E., Philadelphia, Pa. 1893. 

Peale, Samuel Eichard, Lock Haven, Pa. 1893. 

Born at Hugh esvi lie, Pa. ; name of paternal grandfather was 
John Peale, Shippensburs;, Pa.; name of paternal grandmother 
was Mary McClintock, Chaniberaburg, Pa.; name of maternal 



268 THE SCOTOH-IBISH IN AMEBICA. 

grandfather was Samuel Sturgeon, Shippensburg, Pa.; name of 
maternal grandmother was Frances Rodgers, Shippensburg, Pa. ; 
lawyer ; member of Senate of Pennsylvania, 1877-78 ; President 
Bloomington Coal and Coke Company; President Central Coal 
and Coke Company; late Greneral Solicitor of the Beech Creek 
Eailroad Company. 

Pbarce, Bugbne H., D.D., Danville, Ky. 1891. 

Born near Maysville, Ky., in 1843; third generation from 
Mark Pearce, of Scotland (near Roslyn Chapel), Bdinburg; 
family exiled to France and North Ireland during the reign of 
James II., in 1688; family subsequently united at Lurgen, Ireland, 
and emigrated to Delaware, U. S. A., about 1715-20; minister in 
M. E. Church, South, Kentucky Conference; A.M. graduate; 
admitted to bar in 1867; in 1875-76 theological course at Drew 
Theological Seminary; in 1877 entered the ministry of the M. 
E. Church, South ; State Commissioner from Kentucky to Inter- 
national Exposition, Vienna, Austria, in 1873; Curator Kentucky 
Wesleyan College in 1892. 

Perry, Prof. Arthur Latham, Williarastown, Mass. First year. 
Vice President for Massachusetts in the Scotch-Irish Society of 
America; born at Lynn, N. H.; son of Eev. Baxter Perry and 
Lydia Gray, both of Worcester, Mass.; maternal grandfather, 
Keuben Gray; paternal grandfather, Matthew Gray, and his 
father was Matthew Gray; the last two were emigrants of 1718; 
teacher and author; professor of history and political economy in 
Williams College since 1853; President of Berkshire Historical 
and Scientific Society. 

Pettigrew, John Graham, 854 Lexington Avenue, N. Y. 1892. 
Born in Belfast, Ireland; son of Hugh Pettigrew, born at 
Ballymenagh, Holywood, County Down, and Jane Pettigrew 
(Graham), bom at Cultra, Holywood, County Down. , 

Pettigrew, Eobert, 163 Bast Seventy-first Street, New York City. 
1891. 

Petty, Mrs. Anna M., 140 Meridian Street, Duquesne Heights, 
Pittsburg, Pa. First year. 

Bom at Antrim, County Antrim, Ireland; of Scotch-Irish 
parentage; teacher; principal of "Lucky School," Thirty-fifth 
Ward, Pittsburg, Pa., for eleven years. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 269* 

Pillow, Dr. Egbert, Columbia, Tenn. 

PoGUE, Henry, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. 

PoGUE, Samuel, Avondale, Cincinnati, O. 

Polk, Jefferson Scott, Dcb Moines, la. 1891. 

Born at Geoi'getown, Scott County, Ky.; father and mother 
born in Scott County, Ky.; mother's maiden name was Moore; 
grandfather born in Delaware; great-grandfather Polk wjas of 
Scotch-Irish parentage; attorney at law. 

Pollock, O. W., captain Twenty-third Infantry, United States 
Army, Fort Macintosh, Laredo, Tex. 1891. 

Born in Erie, Erie County, Pa. ; son of Charles Pollock, of Erie, 
Pa.; grandson of Adam Pollock, Erie, Pa.; great-grandson of 
Charles Pollock, of Northumberland County, Pa.; great-great- 
grandson of Dr. Thomas Pollock, of Coleraine, Ireland. 

Pollock, William J., 734 South Seventeenth Street, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 1891. 

Bom in Philadelphia in 1833; son of Edward Pollock and 
Catherine Colquhoun, of County Tyrone, Ireland; educated in 
the public schools and Central High School of Philadelphia; 
learned the dry goods business and became a manufacturer of 
cotton and woolen goods; member of Select Council, 1865-68; 
Presidential Elector, 1868, and as such voted for XJ. S. Grant ; 
twice Collector of Internal Eevenue; United States General 
Appraiser of Merchandise; Chief Examiner of Foreign Goods for 
the Centennial Exhibition; six terms (making eighteen years) 
member of the Board of Public Education ; two terms member 
of the Pennsylvania Legislature ; delegate to three National 
Bepublican Conventions, and in 1880 one of the "306" who voted 
for General Grant thirty-six times ; now serving a third term as 
member of Common Council of Philadelphia; member of the 
Union League of Philadelphia since April, 1863; baptized in the 
Ninth Presbyterian Church, and still a member, 1893. 

Porter, Wm. Wagener, 623 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 1893. 
Bom in Philadelphia, Pa.; son of Judge William A. Porter; 
grandson of Gov. David K. Porter; great-grandson of Gen. An- 
drew Porter, whose father was a Scotch-Irishman; lawyer. 

Banken, Henry S., The Homestead, Pawling Avenue, Troy, N. Y. 
1891. 

Bom at Troy, N. Y.; son of John Kanken, born at Garvah, 
near Coleraine, County Derry, Ireland, and Nancy McNally, born 
at Market Hill, County Armagh, Ireland; woolen manufacturei'. 



270 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA, 

Eanken, Hugh L., St. Louis, Mo. 1891. 

Born in Lisboy, Parish of Aghadory, County Londonderry, 
Ireland; son of John Eanken, son of Hugh Eanken, who emi- 
grated from Ayrshire, Scotland, about the year 1685. 

Eankin, Eichard Calvin, Eipley, Brown County, O. 1893. 

Born in Carlisle, Nicholas County, Ky., July 24, 1821; son of 
Eev. John Eankin, who was born in Jefferson County, Tenn., 
February 4, 1793; son of Eiehard Eankin, born in Chester Coun- 
ty, Pa., in 1756; son of Thomas Eankin, born in Donegal County, 
Ireland, in 1724; son of John Eankin, born in Donegal County, 
Ireland, in 1690; son of William Eankin, born in Scotland; son 
of Alexander Eankin; both of the last named, with their families, 
were driven from Scotland to Ireland during religious persecu- 
tions there in the early part of 1688; both participated in the 
siege of Londonderry; grandfather, Adam Lowry, on mother's 
side was from North of Ireland ; grandmother's side of the house 
were related to the Houston's; Sara Houston of Texas notoriety 
and Mr. Eankin's mother were raised children together and were 
blood relations, as were all the Doaks of Virginia and Tennessee; 
farmer; Past H. P. and Past Master in the Masonic orders; officer 
in the Union army during the rebellion ; Past Chaplain of the G. A. 
E., and served for years as City Marshal and Eoad Commissioner. 

Ray, Col. Lavender E., 70i Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Gra. 1891. 
Born at Ncwnan, Coweta County, Ga. ; son of Lavender E. E^iy, 
son of John Eay and Bethenia G. Lavender, bom December 15, 
1842; John Ray was born atDrimsterhill, near the city of Donegal, 
Ulster, Ireland, March 17, 1792, son of David Eay and Mary Lucy 
Atcheson ; John Eay came to America when twenty years of age, 
and landed at Philadelphia, where he had an uncle living; after 
teaching school in Chester County, Pa., came to Staunton, Ya., in 
1822, where he studied law ; in 1829 he moved to Newnan, Ga., where 
he became a distinguished lawyer, and accumulated great wealth ; 
married in 1833 and died in Newnan, July 21, 1868; in 1862 he 
was made Presidential Elector and cast the vote of the state of 
Georgia for Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stephens for Pres- 
ident and Vice President of the Confederate States of America; 
David Eay was the son of Samuel Eay and his wife, a Miss Arm- 
strong, both of County Donegal; Bethenia G. Lavender was born 
in 1803, the daughter of John Lavender, of Winchester, Ya., and 
Mary Ellis Gilliam, of Amherst County, Va.; she died July 19, 1867, 
leaving six children; she was the wife of John Eay. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 271 

Red, William Stuart, College Station, Tex. 1893. 

Born in Texas; Presbyterian minister; chaplain A. M. College; 
teacher Hebrew, Austin School of Theology. 

Eeed, R. S., corner Thirty-third and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, 
Pa. First year. 

Eeed, Col. W. H., Pittsburg, Pa. 1891. 

Eeid, Rev. Alexander McCandless, Ph.D., Steubenville, Jefferson 
County, O. 1891. 

Born in Beaver County, Pa., April 20, 1827; on mother's side, 
Scotch; on father's, Irish; Presbyterian minister; Principal of 
Steubenville Female Seminary (which has had about fiYQ thousand 
young ladies under its care) for over thirty years; Moderator of 
the Synod of Cleveland; delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Coun- 
cil in London; Trustee of Washington and Jefferson College, and 
the Western Theological Seminary. 

Eeid, John, 177 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, O. First year. 
Born at Eathmelton, County Donegal, Ireland; son of John 
Eeid and Sarah Hatrick; retired manufacturer. 

Eeid, John, 1019, Bloomfield Street, Hoboken, N. J. 1893. 

Born in Townland of Drumerrass, near Cookstown, Ireland; 
Scotch descent on both sides of family, who settled in County Ty- 
rone probably about 1650; the various members of the family 
have always been uncompromising Presbyterians of the strictest 

• type, being known as "Seceders" until the union with the Synod 
of Ulster in 1840; John Eeid came to New York in September, 
1851; went at once to Philadelphia, Pa.; lived there two j-ears; 
then in New York City five years; since then in Hoboken, N. J.; 
was President of the New York Burns Club for several terms; 
an active member of the Eepublican party since 1856; Internal 
Eevenue Collector for fourteen years and Superintendent of Con- 
struction for the new post office at Hoboken, N. J.; served twelve 
years as member of the Board of Education; President of the 
Board of Education. 

EoBERTS, Hon. Oran M., 2102 August and Twenty-second Streets, 
Austin, Tex. 1891. 

Born in Lawrence County (formerly District) July 9, 1815; 
son of Oba and Margaret Eoberts; father of Welsh descent; fam- 
ily early settlers in Virginia; mother, Margaret Ewing, daughter 
of Sam Ewing, born in North Ireland, and captain of cavalry in 
the Eevolutionary War seven years; his father was also from 
North Ireland, and his mother (a McCorkle) was Scotch; lawyer; 



272 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AjIERICA. 

now law professor in the Texas University, Austin, Tex.; repre- 
sented St. Clair County in the Legislature of Alabama, 1839-40; 
District Attorney in Texas, 1844—45; District Judge, 1846 to 
1851; Associate Justice Supreme Court, 1857 to 1862; President 
of Secession Convention, 1861; colonel of Eleventh Texas Infant- 
ry C. S. A., 1862-64; Chief Justice Supreme Court three times 
betweeen 1864 and 1878; Governor of Texas, 1879 to 1883; law 
Professor from September, 1883, to present. 

EoBERTSox, Eev. A. T., Batavia, N. Y. 1893. 

EoBiNSON, James, 25 Chestnut Street, East Orange, N. J. 1895. 
Bom in Belfast, Ireland, June 2, 1813; grandmother on moth- 
er's side a Weir, of County Tyrone; mother Scotch, "Auchinleck," 
originally from Edinburgh; retired merchant; ex-elder of four 
Presbyterian churches. 

EoDGERS, Isaac Ward, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Springfield, O.; parents, who were both Scotch-lrifih, 
came from North of Ireland in 1737 ; manufacturer. 

RoDGERS, James G., Springfield, Ohio. 1893. 

Born in Springfield, O.; Scotch-Irish on both sides; ancestors 
came from Ireland in 1737, and settled in Pennsylvania; manu- 
facturer; Secretary and Treasurer of the Tricycle Manufacturing 
Company. 

BoDGERs, John H., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Springfield, O.; parents were both Scotch-Irish, and 
came from North of Ireland in 1737; physician; Surveyor 104 
Ohio Railway in. late war; Pension Surgeon United States Gov- 
ernment; member of several medical societies, National and 
State. 

RoDGERS, Richard H., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born in Springfield, O.; Scotch-Irish on both sides; ancestors 
came from Ireland in 1837, and settled in Pennsylvania; manu- 
facturer; Director and officer in the Superior Drill Company; 'eld- 
er in Third Presbyterian Church. 

RoDGERS, Robert Cochran, Springfield, Clark County, O. 1893. 
Born at Mt. Joy, Lancaster County, Pa., on June 16, 1852; 
attorney at law. 

Rodgers, Robert L., 16* Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga. 1891. 
Boni in Washington County, Ga., July 14, 1847; Scotch-Irish 
parentage; lawyer; judge of a court; captain of the Washington 
Rifies. 



LIST OF M£MB£B3. 273 

BoPER, Hon. David D., Slatington, Lehigh County, Pa. 1891. 

Born in County Monaghan, Ireland; on father's side a mixture 
of English and Scotch; mother, Mary Douglass, Scotch; lawyer; 
served three terms (six years) as a member of the Pennsylvania 
Legislature; served in the Federal army in 1862-63, and held 
several other positions of trust. 

EossiioND, Frederick Leslie, Cambridge, O. First year. 

Born at Fairview, Guernsey County, O. ; son of James Henry 
Bosemond and Amanda Ai. Campbell ; lawyer. 

Ross, W. A., 56 Pine Street, New York City. 1891. 

EuDDicKS, William, Steubenville, Jefferson County, O. First year. 
Born at Edinburgh, Scotland, December 22, 1846; son of John 
Riiddieks, who was born at Circubben, County Down, Ireland; 
boot and shoe dealer ; steward of the Methodist Church. 

RuFFNER, William Henry, LL.D., Lexington, Va. First year. 
Born at Lexington, Va., 1824; son of Dr. Henry Euffner, 
former President of Washington College, Ya., and Sallie Mont- 
gomery Lyle; father of German origin; mother, Scotch-Irish; 
Superintendent of Public Instruction in Virginia for twelve years. 

Russell, John, 1243 West Fifteenth Street, Chicago, 111. 1890. 
Bom at Sheeptown, near Newry, County Down, Ireland; 
Scotch-Irish descent; clerk. 

EussELL, Samuel, 827 Third Street, Louisville, Ky. 1891. 

Born in Spencer County, Ky.; Scotch-Insh parentage; Presi- 
dent of Bank of Louisville. 

Rutherford, Rev. Edwin Hubbard, Paris, Ky. 1893. 

Born at Brownsville, Haywood County, Tenn.; ancestors settled 
in the Valley of Virginia, and afterward removed to Middle Ten« 
nessee j minister of the gospel in the Presbyterian Church. 

SuTHERFORD, William Franklin, Harrisburg, Dauphin County, 
Pa. First year. 

1 Bom in Saratoga Township, Dauphin County, Pa.; Scotch- 
Irish parentage; ancestors emigrated from Scotland to Ireland in 
1689, to America in 1728; farmer; Vice-President Pennsylvania 
State Agricultural Society. 

SuTLEDOB, Benjamin Hugh, Charleston, S. 0. 1893. 

Bom in Charleston, S. C; son of Gen. B. H. Rutledge, son of 
Benjamin H. Eutledge, son of Hugh Eutledge, son of Dr. John 
Rutledge, who was brother of Andrew Rutledge, both of whom 
came to this country in the early paiii of the seventeenth century ; 



274 THE 8C0TCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

Hugh Rutlcdge was brother of John Kutledge, Chief Justice of 
the United States, and President of South Carolina; also of 
Edward Eutledge, signer of the Declaration of Independence over 
this State. 

Satterpield, John, 1022 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. 1892. 
Born in Sharon, Mercer County, Pa.; mother's name was Mor- 
rison, born in Beragh, County Tyrone, Ireland; producer of 
petroleum. 

Scott, Eev. Charles, D.D., Holland, Ottawa County, Mich. First 
year. 

Born at New Windsor, Orange County, N. Y. ; his great-great- 
grandfather, Francis, came to America in 1729, died in 1775; 
great-grandfather, Thomas, born in 1760, died in 1803; grand- 
father, Alexander, born in 1793, died in 1868; and his father, 
Charles, born in 1822; teacher, 1844-51; pastor, 1851-66; pro- 
fessor, 1866-70; President of the General Synod of the Aeformed 
Church in America, 1875 ; Vice President Hope College, 1878-80 ; 
President of same, 1880. 

SoOTT, John Laughlin, Genesoo, Livingstone County, N. Y. First 
year. 

Bom in Carmegrim, County Antrim, Ireland; father, James 
Scott; mother, Eliza Laughlin; miller and farmer; Superintend- 
ent of the Poor for Livingstone County, N. Y. 

Scott, Judge John M., Bloomington, 111. First year. 

Vice President for Illinois in Scotch-Irish Society of America. 

SooTT, William, Indianapolis, Ind. 1891. 

Born at Newton Cunningham, County Donegal, Ireland ; son 
of Rev. William Scott, Newton Cunningham, County Donegal, 
Ireland, and Charlotte Crawford, of Castledown, County Derry, 
Ireland; grain dealer; President of Indianapolis Board of Trade. 

Sbariqht, George, Hendersonville, Sumner County, Tenn. First 

year. 

Born at Warrenpoint, County Down, Province of Ulster, Ire- 
land; son of Moses and Charlotte Searight; merchant for thirty 
years; farmer; deacon and Treasurer of the Presbyterian Church. 
Searight, James A., Uniontown, Pa. First year. 

Bom in Fayette County, Pa. ; son of William and Eachel Sea- 
right; great-grandparents, William Searight and Ann Hamilton, 
were natives of Counties Donegal and Down respectively; they 
emigrated to America in 1740; landed in Philadelphia, and settled 
in Lancaster County, Pa.; Ann Hamilton was a sister of William 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 275 

Hamilton, of Lancaster County, Pa., from whom descended James 
Hamilton, of Eevolutionary fame, and James Hamilton, the 
famous "nullifier" Governor of South Carolina in Jackson's day; 
graduate at Kenyon College, O., 1863; now President of the 
People's Bank of Fayette County, Uniontown, Pa. 

Sea RIGHT, Harry A., Logansport, Ind. 1891. 

Born in Cass County, Ind.; son of William Searight and Ann 
Hamilton, who came from Donegal about 1740; superintendent 
of schools. 

Shallabarger, Hon. Samuel, Washington, D. C. 1893. 

Shanklin, George Sea, 112 East Fourth Street, Lexington, Ky. 
Born in Jessamine County, Ky., August 14, 1860; great-grand- 
father, James Shanklin, came to America in 1745, and settled in 
Virginia on the south branch of the Potomac; grandfather, Eob- 
ert Shanklin, was born there, but settled in Jessamine County, 
Ky., in 1784; father, George Sea Shanklin, was born in Jessamine 
County, and lived there all his life ; lawyer. 

Sharpe, George E., Steubenville, O. First year. 

Born in Steubenville, O. ; son of William L. Sharpe and Isabella 
McFadden; manufacturer, iron foundry; member of City Coun- . 
cil. 

Sharpe, W. L., Steubenville, O. 1891. 

Bom at Coothill, County Cavan, Ireland; descendant of the 
Mcln toshes. 

Shaw, William Conner, M.D., 135 Wylie Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 
First year. 

Born in Yersailles Township, Allegheny County, Pa. ; son of Wil- 
liam A. and Sarah Theresa Shaw ; his paternal grandparents, David 
and Jane (Eakin) Shaw, were natives of County Antrim, Ireland, 
and York County, Pa., respectively; they lived in Versailles 
Township, the grandmother living to be more than 102 years of 
age; his maternal grandparents were Rev. William and Margaret 
(Murdock) Connor; graduate of W^a8hington and* Jeffei-son Col- 
lege, and of Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City; 
practiced in Bellevue Hospital nearly two years; located as prac- 
ticing physician in Pittsburg in 1874, wliere he has built a large 
practice; Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine, and of 
the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital of New York; member 
of Pittsburg Chamber of Commerce, etc. Life member of Scotch- 
Irish Society of America. 



276 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Sherrard, Miss Nancy, Washington, Washington Co., Pa. 1890. 
Born in Jefferson County, O.; father, Eobert Andrew Sherrard;. 
mother, Jane Hindman Sherrard; her grandfather Sherrard was^ 
born at Newton Limarady, near Londonderry, Ireland; has been 
Principal of Washington Female Seminary for sixteen years. 

Sherrard, Hon. Kobert, Steuben ville, O. First year. 

Shields, Capt. James Greenburry, 214 Spring Street, New Albany, 
Floyd County, Ind. First year. 

Born at Marengo, Crawford County, Ind.; son of Clemant 
Nance Shields, born in 1803 in Kentucky, and Mary Stewart, born 
in 1807 in Kentucky, both Scotch-Irish; received thirty degrees in 
A.-.A.-.S-.R in 1870; Past Master of Jefferson D 104; Past Emi- 
nent Commander of New Albany F. A. A. M., Coramandery No. 
6; Past Grand Sovereign of Independent Grand Council of 
Knights of Red Cross of Constantine; during the war was inter- 
ested in five steamers doing service for the Federal army: "Hunt- 
ress,*' "Star," "Ollie Sullivan." "Bard Levi," and "Cora S.;" cap- 
tain of steamer "Shields" in 1879; now a commercial traveler. 

Sinclair, John, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 1891, 

Simpson, Eob£RT, Cincinnati, O. First year. 

• 

Simpson, Hon. E. T., Florence, Ala. 1893. 

Smith, Andrew, Cadiz, O. First year. 

Bom in County Tyrone, Ireland; his forefathers came from 
Scotland and fought in the battle of Boyne, and acquired landed 
estate; farmer and merchant; a soldier of the Union four years,, 
going in as a private and coming out as a captain; County Com- 
missioner of Harrison County. 

Smyth, Eev. George Hutchinson, D.D., 39 Hawthorne Avenue, East 
Orange, N. Y. 1891. 

Born at Killydonelly, near Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland,^ 
twenty miles north of Belfast; son of Hugh Smyth and Jean 
Barber; ancestors came from Edinburgh, crossed the channel in 
a rowboat; Presbyterian minister; has been in Dutch Church last 
ten years; Collegiate of Harlem, N. Y.; Moderator of Presby- 
teries and Synods; clerk of same; also Commissioner to General 
Assembly twice; delegate from Dutch Church to Southern Gen- 
eral Assembly, which met in Baltimore three years ago; gradu- 
ated from New York University, 1862 ; studied theology at Alle- 
gheny, Pa., and at Princeton, N. J.; received from University 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 277 

A.B. and A.M., and from Geneva D.D.; was chaplain in U. S. A.; 
pastor at Washington, D. C, Wilmington, Del., and New York City, 
Smyth, John, Goldman, Tensas Parish, La. 1891. 

Bom near Castlederg, twenty miles south of Londonderry, Ire- 
land ; son of John Smyth and Ann (Woods) Smyth; came to New 
Orleans in 1850, remained till 1851, then moved to Natchez, Miss.; 
planter; for two years assistant civil engineer of public works of 
Great Britain; for thirteen years a merchant in Natchez, Miss.; 
moved to Tensas Parish in 1864; Assistant State Engineer of 
Louisiana from 1884 to 1888. 
Smyth, Samuel Kirkpatrick, 76) South Twentieth Street, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. First year 

Born at Killigan, County Antrim, Province of Ulster, Ireland, 
July 7, 1825; son of William SmyLb and Nancy Kirkpatrick; 
grandparents, McHatton on mother's side, and Huston on father's; 
came to Philadelphia from Ireland, July 7, 1846; undertaker. 
fiMTTHE, Augustine Thomas, 7 Broad Street, Charleston, S. C. 1893. 
Born in Charleston, S. C. , son of Ecv. Thomas Smythe, D.D., 
born in Belfast, Ireland, of Scotch parentage; grandfather on 
mother's side was Mr. James Adger, born in County Antrim, 
Ireland, of Scotch and French parentage; lawyer; State Senator 
for sixteen years; President of Hibernian Society, of Military 
and Fire Companies; Grand Master of Masons. 
Speer, William McMurtrib, 224 W. Fifty-ninth Street, New York. 
1891. 

Born at Huntington, Pa.; son of Robert Milton Speer; mother's 
father, William E. McMurtrie; other family names, Cowan, Elliot, 
Whittaker: lawyer. 
Spencer, Moses Gregg, Piqua, Miami County, O. First year. 

Born at Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland, near Londonderry; 
son of John and Mat tie Gregg Spencer, who were born at Ramel- 
ton, County Donegal, Ireland; merchant and farmer; Secretary 
of the Piqua Lumber Company. 
Spencer, Daniel, Piqua, Miami County, O. First year. 

Born at Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland; son of John and 
Mattie Spencer; merchant. 
Steele, Charles II., Steubenville, O. 1891. 

Steele, Rev. Prof. David, D.D., 2102 Spring Garden Street, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. First j^ear. 

Born at Altaha«:hderry, near Londonderry, Ireland; son of 
James Steele; grandson of David Steele; minister of the gospel; 



278 THE SCOTCH-ifllSH IN AMERICA, 

pastor of the Fourth Reformed Presbyterian Congregation of 
Philadelphia, Pa.; Dean of the Faculty of the Reformed Presby- 
terian Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, and professor of Doc- 
trinal Theology. 
Stephens, Benjamin F., Elkhart, Ind. 1892. 

Bom in Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County, Pa.; son of 
Andrew Stephens, of Scotch parentage, and May Braden, from 
North of Ireland ; paternal grandmother's maiden name was El- 
dor; great-grandfather Elder was a Presbyterian minister for the 
Scotch Presbyterian Caxton Church, Dauphin County, Pa. ; town- 
ship trustee; President of the board of town trustees; member of 
Board of Education ; member of Board of Health ; held various 
official positions in the Church to which he belongs; lawyer. 

Stevenson, Hon. Adlai E., Bloomington, 111. First year. 

Born in Christian County, Ky. ; parents Scotch-Irish Presbyte- 
rians from North Carolina; lawyer; representative in Congress- 
from Illinois; First Assistant Postmaster-general under Cleve- 
land's administration ; Vice President of the United States. 

Stevenson, Rev. Samuel Harris, McLean, 111. 1890. 

Born in Iredell County, N. C; great-grandfather Stevenson 
came from Ireland about the year 1740 to Washington County, 
Pa., and after marrying a Scotch-Irish woman, removed to Iredell 
C6unty; was converted under the preaching of the celebrated 
Whitefield, and was ordained a ruling elder in the first Presbyte- 
rian Church organized in Iredell County, and continued to hold 
that office until his death; for his wonderful gift in prayer he 
was nicknamed "Little Gabriel;'* mother's ancestora were of the 
same stock of people ; mother's father was raised in Mecklenburg 
County, N. C, and associated with that set of people who pro- 
duced the celebrated " Mecklenburg declaration of independence." 

Stewart, Hon. Gideon Tabor, Norfolk, O. First year. 

Born at Johnstown, N. Y.; father, Thomas F. Stewart; mother, 
Petreske Hill, daughter of the eminent lawyer, Nicholas Hill, Jr.; 
lawyer; Grand Worthy Chief Templar of Good Templars of Ohio 
three times; several times nominee of the Prohibitionists for 
Supreme Court Judge and Governor of Ohio; once candidate of 
the same party for Vice President of the United States. 

Stewart, W. H., South Solon, O. 1893. 

Stewart, David, 335 North Franklin Street, Chicago, 111. 1892. 
Born in Castlederry, County Tyrone, Ireland; Scotch on- 
father's side and Scotch or English on mother's; grandmother 



LIST OP MEMBERS. 279 

on mother's side was Mclntyre; grandfather on mother's side, 
Eutledge; clerk. ^ 

Stitt, Eev. W. C, D.D., 76 Wall Street, New York City. 1890. . 
Born in Philadelphia, Pa.; parents, Alexander and Ann Stitt, 
both from County Down, Ireland; minister in the Presbyterian 
Church ; Secretary of the American Seaman's Friend Society. 

Stuakt, Inglis, Post Building, 16 Exchange Place, New York City. 
1890. 

Born at Willow Tree, N. Y.; son of Homer H. Stuart and 
Margaret E. Dunbar; attorney at law. 

Stuart, Samuel Christopher, 1429 Moravian Street, Philadelphia, 
Pa. First year. 

Born at Gardenvale, County Antrim, Ireland; son of William 
Charles Stuart and Elizabeth Peacock, of Eoseyards, County 
Antrim, Ireland; police officer for thirty years. 

Stuart, William Huston, Solon, Cuyahoga- County, O. 1893. 

Bom at Islandmore, Londonderry County, Ireland; parents 
came from Ulster; farmer. 

Taogart, John D., Louisville, Ky. First year. 

Born at Ballymoney, County Antrim, Ireland; son of James 
Taggart and Mary Douds; pork packer; President of Fidelity 
Trust and Safety Vault Company; President of Kentucky and 
Louisville Mutual Insurance Company; Director in Bank of 
Commerce, Louisville, Ky.; Director in Bank of Shelby ville, Ky.; 
President and Director in three other companies; Director of the 
Louisville and Nashville Railroad. 

Taogart, William W., M.D., Wooster, O. First year. 

Tarbet, Rev. William L., Pisgah, Morgan County, 111. First 
year. 

Born in Blount County, Tenn. ; son of Hugh and Margaret K. 
Tarbet; minister of the gospel; Trustee of Blackburn University, 
Carlinville, 111., and Secretary' of the Board of Trustees of same. 

Taylor, John, City Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. 1891. 

Born in Philadelphia, Pa.; son of John Taylor, Bally William, 
Ireland, and Mattie Fulton, Derry, Ireland: insurance agent; 
Quartermaster General of Grand Army of Republic; receiver of 
taxes, city of Philadelphia. 

Temple, Judge O. P., Knoxville, Tenn. First year. 

Born in Green County, Tenn., in 1820; three-fourths Scotch- 
Irish, of the blood of the Creigs, Burns, McCoys, Kennedys, Mc- 
Cords, Mc Alpines; lawyer; in 1850 appointed one of the three 



280 THE 8CX)TCH-IRISH IN AMERICA, 

comrnisftionord to visit and negotiate treaties with Indian tribes 
of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; in 1860 presiden- 
tial elector on the Bell-Everett ticket for the Knoxville District; 
in 1866 appointed by the Governor one of the Chancellors or 
Equity Judges of the State ; twice elected afterward, and held 
this trust twelve years; from 1881 to 1885 postmaster at Knox- 
ville; in 1885 retired from active life. 

Thaw, Mrs. William, Fifth Avenue, East End, Pitt«*burg, Pa. 1890. 
Widow of Mr. William Thaw, of Pittsburg, Pa., a prominent 
railroad man, interested in all Church, charitable, and scientific 
work ; Mrs. Thaw's paternal grandfather^ Copley, English ; pa- 
ternal grandmother Scotch-Irish ; maternal ancestor in America 
for three generations, and great-grandfather served in the war of 
the Eevolution. 

Thomas, William Geobqe, 71 South Grove Street, East Orange, N. 
J. 1891. 

Born in New York City; bis father, George Thomas, was bom 
near Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland ; his mother, Mary Wilson, 
was bom in Londonderry, Ireland; manager. 

Thompson, Emmet Boles, 610 Wood Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First 
year. 

Thompson, Rev. Frank P., Redwood City, Cnl. 1893. 

Thompson, Rt. Rev. Hugh Miller, Jackson, Miss. 1891. 

Born at Tamlaght, County Derry, Ireland ; son of John Thomp- 
son and Anne Miller; clergyman of the Episcopal Church and 
Bishop of Mississippi. 

Thompson, Josiah Y., Uniontownj Fayette County, Pa. 1891. 

Thompson, Robert Means, 37 to 39 Wall Street, New York City. 
1891. 

Born in Corsica, Jefferson County, Pa. ; father's name, John Jam- 
ison Thompson; mother's name, Agnes Kennedy Thompson; 
mother's father. Rev. William Kennedy; mother's mother, Mary^ 
MeClure; Mary McClure's father, Benjamin McClure; Mary 
McClure's mother, Agnes Wallace; Benjamin McClure's father, 
John McClure; Benjamin McClure's mother, Jane Ahll; John 
McClure came from North of Ireland to North Carolina about 
the year 1730; afterward removed to Pennsylvania, where he 
purehasod land in 1748, taking title by patent from Thoma.s and 
Richard Penn, by deed dated October 12, 1748; in 1743 he mar- 
ried Jane Ahll, by whom he had eight children; Benjamin, the 



"* LIST OP MEMBERS. 281 

youngest son, was bom September 9, 1750; John McCluro died 
March 25, 1777; Benjamin MeClure married Agnes Wallace, of 
Unchlan Township, Chester County, Pa.; Mary McClure was 
their third child; President of the Oxford Copper Company; 
graduated at the Naval Academy, Annapolis, class of 1868; mem- 
ber of City Council of Boston. 

Thomson, Rev. E. P., Springfield, O. 1893. 

ToRBET, HuoH, Mt. Pleasant, O. 

ToRRENOE, Joseph William, Seven Mile, Butler County, O. 1893. 
Bom in Senecaville, Guernsey Co., C; son of Joseph Tori'ence, 
who was the son of Samuel Torrence of XJniontown, Fayette 
County, Pa., who was the son of Aaron Torrence; Presbyterian 
min inter. 

"Torrens, Finlby, 420 Frankstone Avenue, East End, Pittsburg, Pa. 
First year. 

"Towlb, Stevenson, 421 East Sixty-first Street, New York City. 
1893. 

Born in New York City July 29, 1837 ; his ancestors in Ameri- 
ca were James 'Wilson and Edward Aiken, who founded the "Wil- 
son and Aiken Scotch-Irish Company,'* which emigrated from 
Londonderry, Ireland, -and settled in Chester, N. H., in 1722; 
James Wilson was a Scotch nobleman; took an active part in the 
rebellion of 1715 in favor of the Stuarts, and after their defeat 
fled to the North of Ireland; he afterward came to America and 
selected and purchased large tracts of lands near Chester and 
Londonderry, N. H.; returning to Ireland, he organized and 
brought to America, in 1722, the "Wilson and Aiken Colony" of 
nearly one hundred families, who settled on the lands Wilson had 
selected for them; his grandfather Jeremiah Towle, was born in 
Chester in 1758; married Susanna Wilson, of Chester; she was the 
daughter of Capt. Eobert Wilson (who was chosen to select delegates 
to our first Continental Congress, and afterward took a very active 
part in the war) and of Jeane Aiken; Robert Wilson was a grand- 
son of James Wilson and Jeane Aiken, a granddaughter of Edward 
Aiken, one of the founders of the " Wilson and Aiken Colony." 
The ancestors of the Towle family in America: (1) Phillip Towle, 
born in England and settled in Hampton, N, H., in 1640. (2) 
Caleb Towle, born in 1678,. died September 20, 1763. (3) Fran- 
cis Towle, born in 1711, died in 1790. (4) Jeremiah Towle, bom 
in Chester in 1753; married Susanna Wilson, of Chester, great- 
granddaughter of James Wilson and Edward Aiken. They had 



282 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

fifteen children. (5) Jeremiah Towle, born in Chester, N. H., in 
1800; settled in New York in 1822, where he died in 1880; he 
married Jane Abcel, of New York. They had seven children. 
(6) Stevenson Towle, born in New York July 28, 1837; married 
Maiy Stewart Brevoort, daughter of Henry Brevoort^ a descend- 
ant of the first Butch settlers of New York. They had nine 
children, all (excepting one deceased) now living in New York. 
Civil engineer; Chief Engineer of Sewers seventeen years; Com- 
missioner of Parks; Director American Society Civil Engineers; 
Consulting Engineer of the Department of Public Works. 

Van Kirk, William Johnston, Pensacola, Fla. First year. 

Born at Uniontown, Pa.; the Van Kirks came from Holland in 
1630-40 ; settled near Princeton, N. J.; his maternal grandfather, 
Saul Carothers, was one of that numerous family, and of pure 
Scotch-Irish extraction; land agent for L. & N. Eailroad; in the 
Confederate Army; was private on Gen. Price's escort, adjutant 
of a regiment, and a major on staff duty in McCallook's Brigade 
of Forrest's Cavalry, C. S. A. 

Vance, Dr. Allen H., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Waddell, Thomas, Jacksonville, Fla. First year. 

Wallace, Dr. A. G., Sewickley, Pa. 1891. 

Wallace, Henry, Ph.D., Des Moines, la. 1892. 

Born at West Newton, Pa. ; his father, John Wallace, was bom 
near Kilrea, Ireland; his mother's father, Kandall Eoss, was born 
at Ahadona, Ireland; his mother's mother, Martha Finley, from 
one of the earlier migrations; editor loxoa Homestead; President 
Iowa Stock Breeders* Association; Senator Monmouth College, 
Monmouth, 111. 

Wallace, William A., Clearfield, Pa. 1891. 

Born at Huntingdon, Pa. ; ancestors on father's side, Wallaces, 
Cunninghams, McAuleys; ox\ mother's side, Hemphills and 
Lairds, from County Tyrone, Ireland ; attorney, retired ; United 
States Senator from 1875 to 1881; State Senator of Pennsylvania 
from 1862 to 1875 and from 1882 to 1886. 

White, HENRy Alexander, M.A., Ph.D., D.D., Lexington, Va. 
First year. 

Scotch-Irish parentage; Professor of History, Assistant Profess- 
or of Moral Philosophy and Belles-letters, Assistant Professor of 
Modern Languages, of Washington and Leo University; elected 
President of Central University, Kichmond, Ky., 1891; Presbyte^ 
rian minister. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 283 

White, Hon. James B., Fort Wayne, Ind. 1891. 

Born in Sterlingshire, Scotland; Scotch-Irish .parentage; mer- 
chant; Captain Company I, Thirtieth Eegiment Indiana Volun- 
teers; Councilman in Fort Wayne, Ind.; Member of Congress for 
the Twelfth District of Indiana in the Fiftieth Congress; World's 
Fair Commissioner for Indiana. 

Wiley, Samuel Thomas, Lock Drawer, 277, Eichmond, Ind. 1893. 
Born in Smithlield, Fayette County, Pa., May 25, 1850; Irish 
and Scotch-Irish parentage; Historian of the Gresham Publishing 
Company; educational writer and local historian; was engaged 
principally in educational work until 1880 ; is the author of sev- 
eral historical works. 

Wiley, Solon L., 3635 Lafayette Avenue, Omaha, Neb. 1893. 

Born in Cambridge port, Windham County, Vt.; son of Eobert 
and Amanda Wiley; son of Eobert and Abigail Wiley, of Eock- 
ingham, Windham County, Vt.; son of John and Polly Miller, of 
Petersborough, N. H.; son of either John or Eobert Wiley, who 
came over in 1716 or 1719 (see Historical Society Eecords of Bos- 
ton); soldier in .the war of rebellion ; President of Electric Light 
Company and President of several waterworks companies. 

WiLLPORD, William, Canton, Fillmore County, Minn. 1892. 

Born in Big Lick Township, Hancock County, O. ; son of Charles 
B. Willford, of Greene County, Pa., and Eliza Kerr (Scotch-Irish 
parentage), of Washington County, Pa. ; great-grandson of Joseph 
Willford, of Leicestershire, England, who settled in Cumberland 
County, Pa., in 1766, and Mary Campbell (Scotch-Irish parentage), 
who, with her parents, settled in Central Pennsylvania sometime 
prior to 1750 ; she was taken a prisoner by the Delaware Indians 
at or near Penn's Creek, in Pennsylvania, in 1757, and delivered 
up to Col. Bouquet, at the forks of the Muskingum Eiver^ in 
1764; notary public and conveyancer. 

Williams, John, Treasurer's Office, Delaware, Lackawanna, and 
Western E. E. Company, P. O. Box 2090, New York City. 1892. 

Williams, J. J., Des Moines, la. 1893. 

Williamson, Landon Cabell, 216 Indiana Avenue, Washington, 
D. C. 1893. 

Born at Charlottesville, Va.; father, Samuel Davis Williamson, 
whose father was a Presbyterian minister, came direct from 
Scotland; mother, Marion Eadford Preston, who was daughter of 
William E. Preston (see page 211, vol. 2, Scotch-Irish in America); 
lawyer. 



284 THE 8G0TGH-IKISH IK AMERICA. 

Williamson, Samitel Eladsit, Cleveland, O. 1891. 
♦ Born in Cleveland, O.; son of Samuel Williamson; lawyer; gen- 

eral counsel N. Y. C. and St. L. Bailroad Company ; judge of 
Court of Common Pleas. 

WiLLouGHBY, Rev. J. W. C, Washington College, Tenn. 1891. 

WiLLSON, Prof. Frederick N., Princeton, N. J. 1892. 

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y.; descended from James Willson, of 
Presbyterian Scotch-Irish stock ; settled in Virginia, near Browns- 
burg, Rockbridge County, in 1771; married Rebecca, daughter of 
Thomas, and niece of Col. John (Burgess) Willson; Moses Wilson, 
farmer; Fairfield, Rockbridge County, Va.; married Elizabeth, 
granddaughter of "Burgess" Willson, for twenty-seven years 
representative of Augusta County in the House of Burgesses; 
Jarne.s S. Willson, farmer, Fairfield, Va., married Tirzah Hum- 
phreys, daughter of David Carlisle Humphreys, Greenville, Au- 
gusta County, Va., and Margaret Finley, niece of President 
Samuel Finley, of Princeton College; Thomas Newton Willson, 
Faii*field, Va., graduated Washington an4 Lee, class of 1848, and 
later was Professor in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and 
Principal of Troy Academy, Troy, N. Y.; married Mary Caroline 
Evarts, of English descent, records at Guilford, Conn. ; Frederick 
Newton Willson married Mary Hewes Bruere, daughter of Joseph 
H. Bruere, of Princeton, N. J.; teacher; graduate of Rensselaer 
Polytechnic Institute, class of 1879; Lake Forest University, 
mathematics, 1879-80; Professor of Graphics, Princeton Univer- 
sity, December, 1880, to present time ; member American Society 
Mechanical Engineers ; member New York Mathematical Society; 
Fellow American Association Advlinced Science. 

Wilson, Hugh Hamill, Navasoto, Tex. 1891. 

Wilson, J. B., Columbus, O. 1893. 

Wilson, James, Aurora, 111. 1891. 

Born in Comber, County Down, Ireland; parents, Irish, bom 
in Ulster, were residents of Glasgow for some time, and finally 
returned to Ulster; chief clerk to Superintendent Motive Power, 
C, B., and Q. Railroad, Aurora, 111. 

Wilson, James B., P. O. Box 27, Washington, D. C. 1893, 

Born in Castletown, Geoghegan County, Westmeath, Ireland, 
January 16, 1852; first lieutenant Fifth Infantry, United 
States Army; came to America in September, 1871; enlisted 
rn the United States Engineer Batalion August 23, 1873; was 
commissioned in April, 1882, and served continuously for 
twenty years; fathers family came from Ayrshire, Scotland, 



N LIST OF MEMBERS. 285 

about 1500; mother's family, Eojinson, came from Gloucester- 
shire, England ; related to the Sherwoods, Bagnalls, Cobbs, Codds, 
Murphys, Smiths, McKinleys, Beattys, Baileys, Cantrells, Gibftons,^ 
Feathorstons, Hamiltons, Givins, Fergusons, Coxs, McCarthys, 
Swifts, Crawfords, Prendergasts, Tillsons, Pierces, and Boydsj 
grandfather, Eobert Eobinson, and granduncle, Samuel Eobinson^ 
of County Westmeath, Ireland, were British officers and assisted 
in the suppression of the 1798 EebelHonj granduncle, Samuel 
Eobinson, was waylaid and killed at the time (1798), more for 
religious principles than otherwise; all Protestants. 

Wilson, Eev. James Smith, Oxford, Wis. 1891. 

Born at Bally hone. County Antrim, Ireland; Scotch-Irish 
parents; Presbyterian minister. 

Wilson, John H., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Wilson, John W., Springfield, 0. 1893. 

Wilson, L. M., Binghampton, N. Y. First year. 

Wilson, Thomas Hudson, Binghampton, N. Y. First year. 

Born at Wilkes Barre, Pa. ; son of Thomas Wilson and Mary 
McLean JIVilson. 

Wilson, W. S., Springfield, O. 1893. 

Wolff, Bernard, Spring and Thirteenth Streets, Atlanta, Ga. 1890. 
Born at Eiverbound, Priijce Edward County, Va.; father, Mnj\ 
Bernard Likens Wolff, of Virginia; and mother, Eliza Preston 
Bei^ton McDowell, daughter of Gov. James McDowell and Su- 
sanna Smith Preston, of Virginia; physician; Assistant Demon- 
strator of Anatomy in the Univei'sity of Virginia. 

Wood, Andrew Trew, Elmwood, Hamilton, Ont. First year. 

Vice President for Ontario and life member in the Scotch -Irish 
Society of America; bora at Mt. Norris, County Armagh, Ireland ; 
son of David and Frances Biggam Wood ; steel, iron, and general 
hardware merchant; member of Dominion Parliament; President 
Hamilton Board of Trade, of the Mechanics' Institute, and of the 
Ontario Cotton Mills Company; President of the .Ontario Baptist 
Convention; Vice President of the Bible Society of Hamilton; 
Vice Prefi(idcnt Hamilton Provident and Loan Society; Director 
of the Bank of Hamilton and of the Ontario Trust Company. 

Wood, Mrs. Jane White, Elmwood, Hamilton, Ont. First year. 
First lady member. 

WooDBURN, Eobert H., Franklin, Pa. First year. 

Born in Armstrong County, Pa.; son of John and Jane Wood- 
burn, both born in the North of Ireland; merchant; captain in the 



286 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Volunteers of the Union Army of Pennsylvania; elder in the Pres- 
byterian Church; Director in Exchange Bank of Franklin, Pa. 

WooDsiDE, Rev. Nevin, 25 Granville Street, Pittsburg, Pa. First 
year. 

Born in Township of Stroan, County Antrim, Ireland; son of 
Eobert and Elizabeth Nevin Woodside; minister of the gospel. 

Workman, Dr. Joseph, 112 Mutual Street, Toronto, Canada. 1891. 
Born at Armagh, Ireland; physician; Superintendent of Asy- 
lum for Insane, Toronto, for twenty-two years. 

Wright, Kichardson L., 4308 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 
1891. 

Born in the Province of Ulster, Ireland; son of Robert Erskine 
Wright, of Tyrone, Ireland, and Mary Richardson Little, of Fei- 
mauagh, Ireland ; brought by parents to this country during child" 
hood; retired, formerly in mercantile pursuits; Speaker of the 
House of Representatives, and Senator; served many years in 
both branches of the Legislature of Pennsylvania; for the past 
nineteen years a member of the Board of Public Education in 
Philadelphia by appointment of the Judges of the Courts. (See 
" Biographical Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania," published in 1874.) 

Wright, Col. Thomas T., Nashville, Tenn. First year. 

Born at Ballymoney, County Antrim, Ireland; English on 
father's side, Scotch on mother's; landowner; founder of the 
Scotch-Irish Society of America, and of the Southern States 
Forestry movement ; originator of the plan which brought the 
National Arsenal to Columbia, Tenn.; builder of the first modern 
business houses in Alabama and Florida; also creator of other 
local and national beneficial enterprises; life member of Scotch- 
Irish Society of America. 

Wright, William J., 214 Garfield Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1893. 
Importer of Irish linens, 27 White Street, N. Y, 

Young, Hon. Hugh, Wellsboro, Pa. First year. 

Born at Killyleagh, County Down, Ireland ; son of Hugh and 
Katherine Kennedy Young, originally from Ayrshire ; President 
of a national bank; member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, 
1877-78; national bank examiner, 1878-88. 

Young, Eev. Samuel, 161 Buena Vista Street, Allegheny, Pa. First 
year. 

Born near Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland; parents, Scotch- 
Irish Covenanters ; minister of the gospel in connection with the 
U. P. Church. 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF MBMBEES. 



The following is a list of members who have joined the Society 
since Yolame Y. was pablished, or who have sapplied biographical 
sketches since that time: 

Caldwell, Judge John E., Toledo, la. 1894. 

Calhoun, Libut. Frederick S., Detroit, Mich. 1894. 

Campbell, Charles E., Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Oarlisle, Charles Arthur, South Bend, Ind. 1894. 

Born May 3, 1864, at Chillicothe, Eoss County, O., being the 
son of Meade Woodson Clay and Emma Y. Carlisle. He was 
educated under private tutor; entered railway service in 1883, 
since which he has been consecutively: 1883 to 1884, messenger 
on the Marietta and Cincinnati Eailway, now C. W. & B. Ey.; 
1884 to 1885, with Ohio State Journal, of Columbus, O., a leading 
Eepublican paper; 1885 to 1886, bill and freight clerk, local 
freight, "Nickel Plate" Eailway, at Cleveland, O.; 1886 to 
1887, assistant chief clerl^ local freight cashier, same road ; 1887 
to 1888, cashier joint stations, same road, same place; 1888 to 
1889, private secretary to general manager Toledo and Ohio 
Central Eailway, at Toledo, O.; 1889 to 1890, private secretary 
and purchasing agent, same road, same place; 1890 to 1891, pur- 
chasing agent Toledo and Ohio Central and Toledo, Columbus 
and Cincinnati Eailways, at Toledo, O.; 1891 to 1892, purchas- 
ing agent Toledo and Ohio Central, Toledo, Columbus and Cin- 
cinnati, and Kanawha and Michigan Eailways; 1892 to date, 
assistant general manager and purchasing agent Chicago and 
South Bend Eailroads; was chosen treasurer same road, Feb- 
ruary 1, 1893. Mr. Carlisle was married September 17, 1891, at 
South Bend, Ind., to Miss Anne Studebaker, only daughter of 
Hon. Clem Studebaker, President of the Studebaker Bros. Man- 
ufacturing Company. Mr. Carlisle is a member of the company, 
and purchasing agent of the Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing 
Company, of South Bend, New York, Chicago, Salt Lake City, 
San Francisco, and Portland, Oreg. He is also Secretary of 
the South Bend Gas Light Company, and the South Bend Sad- 
dlery Manufacturing Company, of South Bend, and is the Vice 
President of the National Eeal Estate Association of America. 

(287) 



288 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Carlisle are, Anne, aged two yeai-d, 
and Charles Arthur, Jr., aged four months. For genealogy see 
" The Carlisles,'* page 199. 

Casady, Sarah ConXrboe, 708 Fifth Street, Des Moines, la. 1894 
Bom in Des Moines, la. ; daughter of Joseph MuiTay Grif- 
fiths and Sarah Jane Lyttle; maternal grandparents, Archibald 
Ly ttle and Sarah Conarroe ; maternal great grandparents, John 
Lyttle and Jeannette Kennedy and Antrina Conarroe (whose 
mother was Mary Antrim) and Margaret Mecum. 

Casady, Simon, 708 Fifth Street, Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Born in Des Moines, la.; father, P. M. Casady; mother, 
Augusta Grimmel; grandfather, Simon Casady; grandmother, 
Jemima McCray; great-grandfather, Phineas McCray; Cashier 
and Director Des Moines Savingis Bank; President Iowa Bank- 
ers' Association; director in various financial corporations. 

Cash, Mrs. Boss Williamson, 1421 Q Street, Washington, D. C. 
1894. 

Born in Lynchburg, Va. ; father, Samuel D. Williamson, whose 
&ther came from Scotland; mother, Marian Badford Preston, 
lineal descendant of John Preston, who came from Ireland in the 
year 1740. See page 211, Yolume II., Scotch -Irish in America. 

Cochran, Kichard Ellis, 29 East Market Street, York, Pa. 1894. 
Son of Thomas Evans Cochran, deceased, who was a son of 
Dr. Kichard Ellis Cochran, son of John Cochran, son of James 
Cochran, who came to America from the North of Ireland in' 
the early part of the eighteenth century. This James Cochran 
was a son of Eohert Cochran, son of James Cochran, son of 
John Cochran, son of James Cochran, son of John Cochran, who 
went from Paisley, Scotland, to the North of Ireland in 1570; 
his grandfather and father were both born in Middleton, Del., 
the former in 1780, the latter in 1813 ; lawyer. 

Cochran, Ebv. Samuel Da vies, J).D., 1512 E Street, Lincoln, Neb. 
1894. 

Bom in Congruity, Westmoreland County, Pa., January 8, 
1812; great-grandfather was one of the famous defenders of 
Londonderiy ; a brother and cousin of one of his ancestors were 
slain by Claverhouse with his murderers, and he escaped by 
flying to the North of Ireland; grandfather, while yet a youth, 
emigrated to Philadelphia, Pa,; he there married a Miss Kirk- 
patrick, sister of Eev. Samuel Davies, President of Princeton 
College, for whom he was named; he moved to Congruity, Pa., 



SUrPLEMENTAL LIST OF MEMBERS. 289 

and was an elder for many years in the Presbyterian Church 
there; Congregational minister and author; pastor in New York 
City, Patterson, N. J., and Brooklyn, from April 1, 1842, for 
fourteen years; went West because of failing health; pastor in 
Princeton, 111., Ann Arbor, Mich., and Grenell, la.; then called 
to found and be President of Thayer College, Northwest Mis- 
souri ; then rewrote and published his work on " The Moral Sys- 
tem and the Atonement;" has since written "Treatise on Free- 
dom of the Will ; " received degree of D.D. from Iowa College, 

Cochran, Samuel Poyntz, P. O. Box 119, Dallas, Tex. 1894. 

Born September 11, 1855, in Lexington, Ky.; son of John C. 
Cochran, born at Flemingsburg, Ky., and Ella Dewees, born at 
Washington, Ky.; paternal grandparents, John Cochran, bom in 
Ireland; emigrated while young to Flemingsburg, Ky., and 
Mary Wasfon, born in Ireland, emigrated while young to 
Bourbon County, Ky.; maternal grandparents, John Cobum 
Dewees, born at Lexington, Ky., and Maria Bayless, born at 
Washington, Ky. ; paternal grandfather, John Cochran, was the 
son of Andrew Cochran, born in Scotland, when young emi- 
grated to Ireland, from thence to Pennsylvania, and then to 
Kentucky, and Sallie Beard, born in Ireland; paternal grand- 
mother, Mary Wasson, was the daughter of James Wasson, sup- 
posed to be from Scotland, and Margaret Beard, of Ireland; 
family emigrated to Kentucky after death of James Wasson^ 
and his wife married Joseph Boss: maternal grandfather, John 
Coburn Dewees, was the son of Samuel Dewees and Mary 
Coburn, who emigrated from Philadelphia to Lexington, Ky., in 
1787 ; maternal grandmother, Maria Bayless, was the daughter 
of Benjamin Bayless and Elizabeth Wood, of Washington, Ky. 
The Wood family came from Philadelphia; member of the firm 
of Trezevant & Cochran, Dallas, Tex., general agents for south- 
western department of several fire insurance companies; Receiver 
Dallas Consolidated Traction Railway Company: President Mu- 
tual Building Associ.ition; President Fidelity Real Estate and 
Trust Company; Director Security Mortgage and Trust Com- 
pany, all of Dallas, Tex. 

CoYNER, Charles L., San Diego, Tex. 

'Dinsmoor, James, Sterling, 111. 1894. 

Born in Windham, N. C; his father, William Dinsmoor, was the 
great-grandson of John Dinsmoor, who came from County An- 
trim, Ireland; and lived near the Georges on the Coast of Maine; 
19 



290 THE SCOTCri-IUISH IN AMEUICA. 

while engaged in building himself a cabin there, he was taken 
captive by the Indians; but managed to escape, and found the 
colony of his Scotch-Irish friends at Londonderry, K. H.; in 
1723, sent for his fisimily, and this was the only £&mily by that 
name that settled in that colony; his mother, Betsey Bariiet, 
was the great-granddaughter of John Bamet, one of the sixteen 
who came from Londonderry, Ireland, in 1718; and made the 
first settlement in I^ondonderry, N. H., in the spring of 1719; 
lawyer; Principal of Westford Academy; member of City Coun- 
cil, Lowell, Mass. ; member of Massachusetts Legislature, 1850-51 ; 
member of Illinois Legislature, in 1867-69; Presidential Elector 
for IlUnois in 18S8. 
DuNGAN, Warrkn Soott, Charitdn, la. 1894. 

Bom at Frankfort Springs, Beaver County, Pa.; Bon of David 
Davis DuDgan, and Isabel (McFerron) Dungan; grandson of Levi 
Dungan and Mary (Scott) McFerron; great-great-grandson of 
John Scott; John Scott settled in Bucks County, Pa.; several 
years before the Revolutionary War; Mrs. Benjamin Harrison 
was also one of his descendants; Mrs. Lucy Hays was a descend- 
ant of Matthew Scott, a son of John Scott ; Mr. Dungan was 
named for Col. Joseph Warren Scott, late of New Brunswick, 
N. J.; he was a grandson of John Scott; his father's name was 
Moses Scott, attorney at law; Senator in Ninth Greneral Assem- 
bly of Iowa; Representative in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth 
General Assemblies ; Senator in the Twenty-second and Twenty- 
third General Assemblies; lieutenant governor elected in 1893 
for two years; was a delegate to the Republican National Con- 
vention at Philadelphia, in 1872; and a Grant Presidential Flee- 
ter for the Seventh Congressional District ; in the Union Army 
for over three years during the rebellion, and was mustered out 
lieutenant colonel. Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry, and brevet colo- 
nel, L^. S. v.; three times chosen by the Des Moines Presbytery 
a Delegate to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian 
Church, as an elder in the Pi'csbytenan Church of Chariton, la.; 
the founder of the family in the United States was Irish, of 
Scotch descent, and came to America as early as Ponn's settle- 
ment of Pennsylvania, if not earlier; Levi Dungan, Mr. Dungan*s 
grandfather, was born near Philadelphia, and was the first settler 
of Beaver County, Pa. 
Edmistox, Dr. David Wallace, Clinton, III. 1894. 

Bom in Logan County, O., April 16, 1838; son of William 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF MEMBEBS. 291 

Sdmiston and Elinor Manifold; grandson of Eobert Edmiston 
and Eebecca Quinn; Bobert Edmiston served in the war of 1812, 
under Gen. William H. Harrison; Elinor Manifold was the 
daughter of Mary Nelson, granddaughter of Judge Nelson; Mary 
Nelson was born in Ireland in 1787, and emigrated to the United 
States with her father in 1799; she was twice married, first to 
Joseph Manifold, second to William Douglass; the father of 
Joseph Manifold emigrated with his family from Europe to the 
United States at an early day ; Mary Douglas, his grandmother, 
raised and educated Stephen A« Douglas; his benefactor was 
John Douglas, the stepson of Mary Douglas; graduated at Eush 
Medical College; served in the late rebellion as a commissioned 
officer. One Hundred and Seventh Eegiment Illinois Volunteers, 
Staff of Second Division, Army Corps, A.D.C. 

Edmonson, Rev, James, Marshallton, la. 1894. 

Fekgueson, Charles, President National Underwriters Association, 
Chicago, 111. 1894. 

FiNLAY, James, Eureka, South Dakota. 1894. 

Born in Edinburg, Scotland; son of Alexander Finlay, who was 
the son of James Fin lay ; brother of Gilbert Finlay, Lord Provost of 
Edinburg at the time of George IV., and laid the foundation stone 
of the George IV. bridge. The Finlays above named claim descent 
from the MacBeth Finlays, of Morven, who escaped from Aber- 
deenshire after MacBeth's son lost the Celtic throne, and the 
most prominent of the family are the Finlays of Castle Toward, 
on the Clyde opposite to EothRay; lawyer. 

Fleming, Alexander P., 1312 West Ninth Street, Des Moines, 
la. 1894. 

Born in Tipton, la.; father Scotch; lawyer; City Clerk of 
Webster County, la., for six years ; Deputy Clerk District Court 
Court, Center County, la., for four years. 

Frey, Robert Eodoers, Council Bluffs, la. 1894. 

Fullerton, Eobert, Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Gordon, William, 2719 Jackson Street, Sioux City, la. 1894. 

Graham, David Wilson, M.D., 672 West Monroe Street, Chicago, 
111. 1894. 

Bom in Henderson County, 111.; surgeon; professor of surgery 
in Woman's Medical College, professor chemical surgery in Rush 
Medical College; surgeon in Presbyterian Hospital; surgeon in 
National Temperance Hospital ; consulting surgeon in St. Joseph's 
Hospital and Wesley Hospital. 



292 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Granger, Col. Barlow, Des Moines^ la.; veteran journalist and 

lawyer. 1894. 
Hall, Samuel Magowan, Kansas City, Mo. 1894. 
Hutchinson, Woods, A.M., M.D., 520 Walnut Street, Des Moines, 
la. 1894. 

Born in Selley, Yorkshire, England, Januarys, 1862; maternal 
grandmother Scotch-Irish, born in County Down, Ireland; ma- 
ternal grandfather Scotch-Irish; father English; mother Scotch- 
Irish, born in Limerick; physician and surgeon; professor of 
anatomy. Medical Department of State University, of Iowa, 
1890-91; editor of iVis Medicatrix, 1892-93; President of Prairie 
Club ; 1887 to date, contributor to the North American Review, Des 
Moines. 
Jack, Rev. Hugh, Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Jones, Hon. Breckinridge, 303 North Fourth Street, St. Louis, 
Mo. 1894. 

Bom near Danville, Boyle County, Ky.; great-grandfather, 
Willam Dunlap, born in Augusta County, Va., 1744 ; died in Lex- 
ington, Ky., 1816; married Rebecca Eobertson, born 1751, died 
1849; a daughter of James Robertson, near Staunton, Va., who 
about 1737 came from Coleraine, North Ireland, to Augusta 
County, Va.; William Dunlap and wife came to Kentucky in 
1784; their son, George Dunlap, was Mr. Jones's maternal grand- 
father; attorney at law; now Vice President and Counsel of Mis- 
sissippi Valley Trust Co., St. Louis; 1883-85, member Missouri 
House of Representatives; Vice President Missouri Bankers' 
Association ; graduated from Center College in 1875. 
Jones, Rev. G. Chapman, D.D., T.C.D., Forbes Avenue, Pittsburg^ 
Pa. 1894. 

Born at Tromara House, Movia, Ireland; father's ancestors 
came from Scotland to County Down several centuries ago; 
mother's ancestors came from England to County Antrim; grand- 
father captain of yoemanry in 1798 ; Methodist Episcopal clergy, 
man ; pastor of churches in Buffalo, Bradford, Rochester, and 
Pittsburg; editor of Buffalo Christian Advocate for some time; 
delegate to General Conference of 1892, at Omaha; contributor 
to McClintock and Strong's Cyclopedia and several magazines. 
Kasson, Hon. John A., 1726 I Street, Washington, D. C. 1894. 
Keatley, Col. John Hancock, Marshalltown, la. 1894. 

Born at Oak Hall, Center County, Pa.; his grandfather, Chris- 
topher Keatley, was Scotch-Irish, born in County Donegal,. 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF MEMBER^. 293 

Ireland; came to the United States in 1770; served at the battles 
•of Long Island and during the retreat of Washington through 
the Jerseys; was with Gen. Fullerton's expedition to Northern 
New York; his grandmother, Margaret Gregg, was born in Scot- 
land and carried to the United States before the revolution; 
printer and lawyer; was commandant of Iowa Soldiers' Home; 
colonel in United States volunteer army in Civil War; district 
attorney in Pennsylvania; mayor of Council Bluflfe, la.; law ad- 
viser in United States Treasury ; United States Eevenue Assessor; 
member of Iowa Legislature ; manager in impeachment of State 
Auditor Brown before State Senate; United States Judge of 
Alaska; and county attorney in Iowa. 

Xellogq, Eacine D., 1406 Eleventh Street, Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Lawther, Harry P., Dallas, Tex. 1894. 

Bom in Muscatine, la., January 25, 1859; attorney at law; 
B.L. of University of Virginia, law cla.ss of 1882-83; Debaters 
Medalist, Washington Literary Society, University of Virginia, 
1881-82; final President joint celebration Washington and Jef- 
ferson Literary Societies, University of Virginia, Commencement 
of 1883; member Sigma Chi Fraternity; President Dallas City 
Council, 1892-93; Chancellor; Commander Columbian Lodge No. 
160 Knights Pythias, 1892; assistant county attorney Dallas 
County. 

Logan, Rev. Samuel Crothers, D.D., LL.D., Scranton, Pa. First 
year. 

Born at Logan Point, Hanover, Jefferson County, Ind.; son 
of George and Susannah Logan, of Fayette County, Ky.; active 
missionary and pastor in the Presbyterian Church from 1848; 
First Secretary of "The General Assembly's Committee on 
Freedmen," 1864-1870; regular pastor thirty-nine years; Super- 
intendent of Missions to citizens of foreign tongues, under Lack- 
awanna Presbytery, 1893; Chaplain in Thirteenth Regiment, N. 
G. P., for eighteen years; Moderator of the Synod of Pennsylva- 
nia, 1886. 

Long, Daniel Albright, D.D., LL.D., Yellow Springs, O. 

Born in Alamance County (near Graham), N. C; President 
of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, O. 

Magoon, Dr. George F., Grinnell, la. 1894. 

Montgomery, Frank Warren, 268 Knapp Street, Milwaukee, 
Wis. 1894. 

Born at Silver Creek, New York; his great-great-great-grand- 



294 THE SCOTCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

father came to America in 1719 with five shiploads of emigrante 
from the North of Ireland ; ancestors came originally from Norman- 
dy with William the Conqueror, then from England into Scot- 
land, and to Londonderry, Ireland; his grcat-great-great-grand- 
father was one of the founders of Londonderry, N. H., and held 
various positions of trust as a town officer; Vice President of the 
Milwaukee Gaslight Company. 

MoRTLAND, EoBERT, Linden Avenue, Allegheny City, Pa. 1893. 
Born in County Tyrone, Ireland; great-grandfather was 
Scotch; great-grandmother the daughter of an English earl; 
they settled in the North of Ireland early in the seventeenth cen- 
tury; mother's name was Elizabeth Hayes, descended from two 
old Scotch families, Hayes and Kussell; his only brother, Samuel 
H. Mortland, was a Methodist minister, who died in Independence, 
Mo., in 1886; mother and three sisters live in Ireland; traveling 
salesman. 

Mortland, Walter G., Linden Avenue, Allegheny City, Pa. 1894. 
Born in Allegheny City, Pa.; son of Kobert and Harriet M. 
Mortland, both born in Ireland; office of the Washington Carbon 
Company, Pittsburg. 

MooRE, G. W. Arnold, Morgan County, 111. 1894. 

McCaughey, E. S., Sioux City, la., 1894. 

Born in Stark County, O.*, his father, William McCaughey, 
born in County Antrim, Ireland, and emigrating to this country 
when he was twelve years old; located in Chester County, Pa.; 
E. S. McCaughey's mother was born in Chester County, Pa., his 
parents removing from Pennsylvania to Ohio, where the subject 
of this sketch was born ; graduated in an Ohio college and in a 
Presbyterian theological seminary; licensed to preach and 
ordained a minister of the Church to which he then belonged; 
engaged in the ministry and teaching classics and higher mathe- 
matics, and the regular course of a college education for a period 
of ten years, during part of which time he was President and 
Professor of the Masonic Female College in Kosciusko, Miss.; 
later President and Superintendent of the Presbyterian Female 
College at Denmark, Madison County, Tenn.; after the war in 
the South, returned to Illinois, and engaged in commercial and 
real estate business; in 1887 removed to Sioux City, where he 
organized the House Building, Savings, and Loan Association, and 
was elected Secretary and General Manager; he is second cousin 
of ex-President Andrew Jackson; a brief sketch of family history 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF MEMBERS. 295 

prepared by Eev. Hugh Park Jackson, assisted by Rev. Hugh 
Hogan Thompson, D.D,, and James R. Jackson, of Urbana, 
Champlain County, O., will trace the relationship to its source. 
McClelland, Thomas, Forest Grove, Oreg. 1894. 

Born in Quilly, County Derry, Ireland; ancestors on both side 
Scotch ; the first of the name and family to settle in Ireland was 
John McClelland, a Presbyterian clergyman, who came with 
many others of like faith to the province of Ulster about the 
middle of the seventeenth century, there to find that religious 
freedom which at that time was denied to nonconformists in 
Scotland; President of Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oreg.^ 
since September 16, 1891; Professor of Mental Philosophy and 
Lonric for eleven years in Tabor College, Tabor, la. 
McClelland, Wells B., Steamboat Springs?, Routt County, CoL 
1894. 

Born in Mt. Jackson, Lawrence County, Pa.; father's name 
Joseph; grandfather's, William; great-gi*andfat hers, Thomas; at- 
torney at law; County Attorney for Routt County. 
McCoNKBY, Milton Mattox, Springfield, O. 1893. 

Born at Catawba, Clark County, -O.; son of Milton Mattox 
McConkey, son of Nathan McDonald MeConkey, son of Daniel 
McConkey, son of Archibald McDonald McConkey; Daniel Mc- 
Conkey married a McDonald, who was a daughter of Archibald 
McDonald, who owned an estate near Dublin, and who was a 
commander of a British man of war; Recorder of Clark County, 
O. ; formerly teacher and farmer. 
McCreery, James Crawford, 801 Broadway, New York City. 1894. 
Born in Baltimore, Md. ; son of James MeCrcery and Fannie 
Marie Crawford, both of County Tyrone, Ireland ; merchant. 
McCuTCHEON, James, 14 West Twenty-third Street, New York City. 
1894. 

President Garfield National Bank; senior member of James 
McCutcheon & Co., "The Linen Store." 
McFarland, William M., 904 E. Grand Avenue, Des Moines, la. 
1894. 

Born in Mt. Vernon, Ind.; Scotch-Irish parentage; Secretary 
of State; served in Twenty-second and Twenty-third General 
Assemblies. 
McGagan, Hon. Samuel, Dallas, Tex. 1894. 
McMillan, Alex, 22 Allston Street, Providence, E. I. 1894. 
McMuRRY, Mrs. A. E., Des Moines, la. 1894. 



296 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

McVey, Col. E. H., Des Moinos, la. 1894. 

Ogilvie, Mrs. Carrie, Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Orr, William B., 419 Wood Street, PittHburg, Pa. 1890. 

Parvin, Theodore Sutton, Cedar Rapids, la. 1894. 

Bom in Codarville, Cumberland County, N. J.; maternal great- 
grandparents Scotch; paternal great-grandparents were Iritshj 
but their ancestors were also Scotch; originally lawyer and 
judge; now Librarian; private secretary first Governor of Iowa, 
1838 ; first Territorial Librarian, 1839 ; District Attorney for Ter- 
ritory, 1839 ; Judge of County Court, 1843 ; Register State Land 
Ofiice, 1857; clerk United States District Court, 1847; Secretary 
and Librarian Iowa Museum, 1844 to 1894, 

Patterson, Gen. Robert B., Philadelphia, Pa. 1894. 

Patterson, David Brownlee, Des Moines. la. 1894. 

Born in Mercer County' 111., November 27, 1851; father, W. 
T. Patterson, bom at Galdonagh Glebe, near Manor Cunning- 
ham, County Donegal, emigrated to Illinois in 1840; paternal 
grandfather, Joseph Patterson; paternal grandmother (Teas) 
Patterson ; mother. Highland S'-^tch, born in Washington 
County, Pa., daughter of Hamilton Brownlee and Mc- 
Dowell Brownlee. 

Pollock, James, Dauphin and Tulip Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 
1894. 

Bom in County Derry, Ireland; carpet manufacturer; mem- 
ber Board of Education; Director Union Lengue; Director 
Manufacturer's Club; Director Ninth National Bank; Director 
Scotch-Irish Society, Pennsylvania; Director Industrial Trust 
Company. 

PoRTtJ; .) AMKb, T^j-V.v-^^'k^ Grundy County, la. 1894. 

Radcliffe, Kev. Wallace, D.D., Detroit, Mich. 1894. 

Bom in Pittsburg, Pa.; son of Elias Radcliffe, of County 
Down, Ireland, and Susannah Wallace, of County Down, Ireland 
bishop in the Presbyterian Church of United States of America 
pastor of Woodland Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Pa. 
First Presbyterian Church, Reading, Pa.; now pastor of Fiont 
Street Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich.; Moderator of Sjniods 
of Philadelphia and Michigan ; member of Pennsylvania Pres- 
byterian Council, London, 1877-1888, and President T:i)>j»iui 
Presbyterian Association, of University of Michigan. 

Eeed, Hon. Joseph R., Council Bluffs, la. 1894. 

Born in Ashland County, O. ; paternal great-grandfather, 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF MEMBERS. 297 

Joseph Eeed, of York County, Pa., of Irish birth and Scotch 
descent; maternal great grandfather, John Lyle, born in Ireland, 
emigrated to America in 1740, and settled in Northumberland 
County, Pa., a descendant of John Lyle, who emigrated from 
Scotland to Ireland in about 1640; lawyer; State Senate of Iowa, 
1866-1868; Judge District Court from 1872 to 1884; Judge 
Supreme Court of Iowa, 1884 to 1889 ; Eepresentative in Fifty-first 
Congress; at present Chief Justice United States Court of 
Private Land Claims. 

EoBEBTSON, S. A., Des Moines, la. 1894. 

EoDQEBS, James Eenwiok, 2029 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
1893. 

Bom in Philadelphia; Scotch-Irish on mother*s side; printer 
and publisher. 

EoLSTON, EosEWELL G., P. O. Box 1510, New York City. 1894. 
Born in Belleville, N. J. ; son of William H. Eolston, bom in 
1790; grandfather, James Eolston, a native of Armagh County, 
Ulster, Ireland; grandmother, Mary Eolston, nee Holmes, native 
of Armagh County, Ulster, Ireland. 

Eoss, Joshua, Tahlequah, Indian Territory. 1894. 

Born Febmary 7, 1833, in Wills Valley, old Cherokee Nation, 
now State of Alabama ; his mother was daughter of Maj. George 
Lowry, son of a Scot and Irish ; her mother was Lucy Benge ; 
her parents were white and Cherokee ; Joshua Eoss's father was 
Andrew Eoss, brother to Lewis Eoss and Chief John Eoss ; their 
father was Daniel Eoss, a Scot from Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and 
Andrew Eoss's mother was a Cherokee Indian, named Mollie 
McDonold, daughter of Anna Shorey, a Cherokee, and John 
McDonold, an Indian trader, who came to the Cherokees in 1770 
from Inverness; his trading post was in Wills Yalley; Daniel 
Eoss had a farm near the foot of Lookout Mountain; Eoss's 
Landing at Chattanooga was owned by Chief John Eoss; 
Joshua Eoss's parents moved to the Indian Territory in 1837; 
he attended mission schools in the Cherokee and the National 
School, Cherokee Male Seminary, near Tahlequah, graduating 
there in 1855 with honors of his class; was a student at Ozark 
Institute, in the County of Washington, State of Arkansas, and 
graduated at Emory and Henry College, in Virginia, excelling 
in oratory, in 1860; in 1861 taught school at Cherokee Female 
.Seminary, at Park Hill ; was bookkeeper in a sutler's store at 
JFort Gibson two years, 1863-1865 ; was a merchant at Muskogee, 



298 THE 8C0TCH-IBISH IN AMERICA. 

I. T.; Secretary and President of the Indian International 
Agricultural Society and Fair Association at Muskogee; was 
Cherokee National Senator at Tahlequah, I. T., and member of 
the Grand Indian Council at Okmulkee in 1872-73; now Prin- 
cipal of the Cherokee Male Seminary, of one hundred and 
twenty-live pupils. 

Scott, John, Nevada, la. 1894. 

Born in Jefferson County, la.; descended through John, Al- 
exander, Josiah, and Abraham, to Hugh Scott, who came from the 
North of Ireland to Pennsylvania about 1670 ; retired farmer and 
stock breeder; State Senator; Lieutenant Governor; Grand Mas- 
ter of Masons; President of State Agricultural Society; President 
of State Stock Breeders' Association ; colonel of volunteers in the 
late war; President Iowa Scotch-Irish Society. 

Shaw, Rev. James, D.D., Bloomington, 111. 1893. 

Born in Derryadd, County Longford, Ireland (near Goldsmith'^ 
"Sweet Auburn"); son of James Shaw and Redelia Mclntyre 
Shaw; Scotch-Irish descent; his forefathers formed a part of an 
early Scotch settlement in Longford County of land owners under 
King James, with Moffetts, McCords, etc.; Methodist Episcopal 
Minister; after graduating in the Wesleyan Seminary, Dublin, 
was received into the Irish Wesleyan Conference; followed his 
parents to America; transferred to the Illinois Conference, M. E. 
Church, and filled most of the leading appointments in the cities; 
married Mary Blake Coley, daughter of the late Edward Coley, 
of Lucan, Dublin, Ireland; for more than a year Mr. Shaw was 
agent for the distribution of $30,000 of American relief to the 
starving Irish ; ten years agent for American funds to the build- 
ing and endowment of Belfast Wesleyan College, Ireland; five 
years Agent of Preachers* Aid Society in his Conference to raise 
funds for aged ministers, more than $100,000 funds in trust have 
passed through his hands; in 1888 he received the degree of D.D. 
from Fort Worth Wesleyan University, Texas. 

Sloan, Samuel, P. 0. Box 2090, New York City. 1894. 

Born in Lisburn, December 25, 1817; lived in New York City 
since 1822; the Sloan homestead near Lisburn was occupied by 
some of the Sloan family for seven generations; William Sloan, 
his father, and Margaret Simpson, his mother, were members of 
the Presbyterian Church; William Simpson, his grandfather, and 
Margaret Johnston, his grandmother, lived near Belfast; many 
of the descendants of the Simpson family emigrated to Kentucky^ 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF MEMBERS. 299" 

settling at Elizabeth, Nelson County, near Louisville; Director 
and Trustee of several banks and trust companies; many years 
an elder of the Eeformed Dutch Church; Trustee of the New 
York University and Rutger College; member of the New York 
State Senate during 1858-59 ; President Delaware, Lackawanna, 
and Western R. R. 

Sloan, Samuel, 12 Broadway, New York. 1894. 
Born in Philadelphia, Pa. 

Smtth, James Adger, Charleston, S. C. 1894. 

Bom and reared at Charleston, S. C; his father was the Rev. 
Thomas Smyth, D.D., who was bom in Belfast, Ireland, of Scotch 
parentage; his mother was the daughter of Mr. James Adger, 
who was bom at Moneyruck, County Antrim, Ireland, and was 
descended from Scotch and French ancestors; both Dr. Smyth and 
Mr. Adger emigrated in their youth to this country, and spent 
most of their long and useful lives in Charleston; President of 
the Charleston Cotton Exchange for five years; Alderman of the 
city of Charleston for twelve years; Grand Master of Masons of 
South Carolina for three years, and has held many other positions 
of honor and trust. 

Sampson, Joseph, Sioux City, la. 1894. 

Stewart, Matthew, 95 Jackson Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 1894. 

Stevenson, Rev. John Ogilvie, Waterloo, la. 1894. 

Born in Bannockburn, Sterlingshire, Scotland ; Scotch-Irish on 
mother's side, " Ogilvie," bom in the parish of St. Ninian, near 
the birthplace of St. Patrick; minister; graduate of Oberlin Col- 
lege, Ohio, and of Tale University; received degree of D.D. from 
Tabor College, Iowa. 

Stewart, John, 59 West Ninth Sreet., New York City. 1893. 

Son of Peter Stewart, Argyleshire, Scotland, and Mont- 

. gomery, Clackmamshire, Scotland; grandfather, Peter Stewart; 
grandmother, Prazor; dry goods merchant; President of Board 
of Trustees of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, New York City; 
Treasurer of Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund, State of New 
York. 

Thomson, Alexander, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Ind. 
1893. 

Bom in Hamilton County, O., January 15, 1812; his father, 
Rev. John Thomson, was bom in Franklin County, Pa., Novem- 
ber 11, 1772, and was a minister of the Presbyterian Church for 
sixty years; his grandfather, James Thomson, was born in Done- 



300 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMEBIC^. 

gal County, Ireland, in 1730; his great-grandfather, William C. 
Thomson, was born in Scotland, and previous to the birth of his 
son James he had, with his family, moved to Donegal County, 
Ireland ; in 1760 James Thomson married Mary Henry, of Done- 
gal, and in 1771 he emigrated to America with his family and 
settled in Franklin County, Pa.; in 1778 he removed with his 
i'amily to Nicholas County, Ky.; his son, Kev. John Thomson, 
about August 20, 1800, married Nancy Steele, of Lexington, Ky. 
(her ancestors were Scotch); Eev. John Thomson moved to 
Hamilton County. O., in 1801, and was settled at Springdale 
in that county for more than thirty years as pastor of the Presby- 
terian Church ; in 1834 he removed to Crawfordsville, Ind., and 
remained there until his death, in 1859; Alexander Thomson 
moved to Crawfordsville in 1835 ; practiced law about thirty 
years, and after that was Treasurer and Financial Agent of Wa- 
bash College, Crawfordsville, for twenty-seven years. 

Wylie, Walkbr Gill, 28 West Fortieth Street, New York City. 
1894. 

Born in Chester, S. C; son of Alexander Peirson Wylie and Ju- 
liet Agnes Gill ; Dr. A. P. Wylie was the son of Peter Kelso Wy- 
lie, who was the son of William Wylie, who served as a soldier 
in the Eevolution and was the son of Alexander Wylie, who 
came from the North of Ireland and settled in Chester, S. C; 
physician and surgeon; Professor of Gynecology in the New York 
Polyclinic; visiting gynecologist to Bellevue Hospital; consult, 
ing gynecologist to the Methodist Episcopal Hospital of Brook- 
lyn. 

Wallace, Mrs. Nannie C, Des Moines, la. 1894. 

Wallace, Prof. Henrt C, Ames, la. 1894. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 

Scotch-Irish Society of California. 

officers. 

PreHdent Frank P. Thompson. 

J*\r8t Vice-president R. J. Creightor.. 

Second Vtce-pretsideut Andrew Crawford. 

Third Vice^eaident James Moore. 

Treasurer S. A. Marshall. 

Recording Secretary Rev. J. P. Dickson. 

Financial Secretary Thomas Whyte. 

Marshal. W. T. W. Clelaud. 

MEMBEIIS. 

Alexander Montgomery, President, residence 1801 Leavenworth 
Street, Saa Francisco. Born in County Antrim, Ireland. 

John Gamble, Ph.D., Past Second Vice-president, Laurel Hall, San 
Mateo, Cal. Born in County Donegal, Ireland. 

Andrew Crawford, Second Vice-president, 421 Oak Street, San Fran- 
cisco. Born in Glenarm, County Antrim, Ireland. 

R. J. Alexander, Past Secretary, 810 Twenty-first Street, San Fran- 
cisco. Born in Market Hill, County Armagh, Ireland. 

Thomas Whyte, 221 Front Street, San Francisco. Born in Comber, 
County Down, Ireland. 

W. H. Campbell, 402 Front Street, San Francisco. Born in London- 
derry, Ireland. 

Rev. Richard Harcourt, D.D., 613 Folsom Street, San Francisco. 
Born in County Down, Ireland. 

David Madill, M.D., 102 Stockton Street, San Francisco. Born in 
County Monagan, Ireland. • 

William J. Gray, 1514 Taylor Street, San Francisco. Born in Armagh 
Citv, Ireland. 

John Montgomery, M.D., 428 Sutter Street, San Francisco. Born in 
County Tyrone, Ireland. 

James Moore, 310 California Street, San Francisco. Born in County 

Down, Ireland. 

(301) 



302 THE SOOTCH-IBISn IN AMERICA. 

Williaii) McKee, Brooklyn Hotel, San Francisco. Born in Saintfield, 

County Down, Ireland. 
James Jackson, 800 Sutter Street, San Francisco. Born in Eillinchy, 

County Down, Ireland. 
Robert J. Creigbton, 1203 Gougb Street, San Francisco. 
James Andrews, 1017 Powell Street, San Francisco. 
Thomas Graham, 2416 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
J. F. Cunningham, 1308 Webster Street, San Francisco. Bom in 

Belfast, Ireland. 
James Kennedy, 431 Oak Street, San Francisco. Born in County 

Down, Ireland. 
Thonias McClintock, 136 Haigbt Street, San Francisco. Bom at 

Maguire's Bridge, County Fermanagh, Ireland. 
Thomas Kennedy, 33 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco. Bom in 

County Tyrone, Ireland. 
James F. Robinson, 508 Jessie Street, San Francisco. 
E. L. Campbell, 1522 Broadway, San Francisco. Born in Virginia. 
S. Symington, 548 Valencia Street, San Francisco. 
J. G. Leghorn, 2708 Bush Street, San Francisco. 
J. S. Trotter, with Murphy, Grant & Co., San Francisco. 
William W. Moore, 742 Twenty-fifth Street. San Francisco. 
Thomas Cochrane, 1607 California Street, San Francisco. Born in 

Omagh, County Tyrone, Ireland. 
Robert Hazlett, 121 Post Street, San Francisco. 
John' McCalla Porter, Stockton, Cal. 
W. T. W. Cleland, 1778 Green Street, San Francisco. 
Thomas Dawson, 548 Valencia Street, San Francisco. 
S. Williamson, 711 Jones Street, San Francisco. 
S. A. Murphy, 641 Market Street, San Francisco. 
John Gordon, 118 Third Street, San Francisco. 
W. J. Rea, 39 Clay Street, San Francisco. 
Robert H. Baird, 16 Morris Avenue, San Francisco. Born in County 

Down, Ireland. 
Walter Gallagher, 10 Alvarado Street, San Francisco. 
Charles Montgomery, 227 Second Sti^eet, San Francisco. Born in 

County Tyrone, Ireland. 
William Montgomery, American Exchange Hotel, San Francisco. 

Born in County Tyrone, Ireland. 
James West, 31 Sixth Street, San Francisco. 
.John Elliot, 31 Sixth Street, San Francisco. Bora in Enniskillen, 

County Fermanagh, Ireland. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 303 

William J. Armstrong, ill Post Street, Sau Francisco. Born in 

Enniskillen, Ireland. 
Edward Monson, 328 Harrison Street, San Francisco. 
Terence Mastersnn, 557 Seventeenth Street, Sau Francisco. Born 

in Coothill, County Cavan, Ireland. 
•C. Leetch, 207 California Street, San Francisco. 
James Graham, 813 Shotwell Street, San Francisco. 
James McGuUough, 211 Clay Street, San Francisco. Bom in Bel- 
fast, Ireland. 
Robert Eagleson, 750 Market Street, San Francisco. Born in County 

Tyrone, Ireland 
Jacob Robinson, 750 Market Street, San Francisco. Born in County 

Armagh, Ireland. 
William N. McCaw, 1227 Pacific Street, San Francisco. 
Acheson Alexander, 306 Hyde Street, San Francisco. Born in Ccun- 

ty Armagh, Ireland. 
J. G. Eagleson, Grand Hotel, San Francisco. Bom in County Ty- 
rone, Ireland. 
F. H. McConnell, 19 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born ir 

County Antrim, Ireland. 
W. J. Lowery, 118 California Street, San Francisco. 
William E. Coulter, 1182 Haight Street, San Francisco. Born in 

Euniskillen, County Fermanagh, Ireland. 
D. B. Brown, 139 Cliestnut Street, San Francisco. 
S. A. Marshall, 518 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born in 

Markethili, County Armagh, Ireland. 
W. F. Goad, 606 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. 
George D. White, 1253 Webster Street, Oakland. Bora in Danville, 

Va. 
R. J. Loughery, 14 and 16 Battery Street, San Francisco. Born in 

New Orleans, La. 
James Craig, Colusa. 
Thomas G. Alexander, 306 Hyde Street, San Francisco. Born in 

County Armagh, Ireland. 
W. H. Lowden, 213 Sansome Street, San Francisco. 
Eley. A. J. Kerr, A.M:, 1224 Jackson Street, San Francisco. Born in 

County Sligo, Ireland. 
Archibald Little, 932 i Mission Street, San Francisoa 
J. G. Douglas, 1922 Franklin Street, San Francisco. Bom in County 

Derry, Ireland. 
George Bennett, 1931 Sutler Street, San Francisco. 



304 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

William H. Irvine, 1302 Polk Street, Sau Francisco. Born in Coun 

ty Ferinanugh, Ireland. 
H. S. Smyth, 320 Minna Street, San Francisco. Born in County 

Monaghan, Ireland. 
William King, 214 Powell Street, San Francisco. Born in Ck>unty 

Dcrrv, Ireland. 
H. W. Loiighhead, Loudon and S. F. Bank, San Francisco. Born in 

Ballynioney, County Antrim, Ireland. 
Alex. McVicker, 40 Fourth Street, San Francisco. Born in County 

Antrim, Ireland. 
Alex. Duncan, Strathmore House, San Francisco. Born in County 

Tynme, Ireland. 
John Moat, 410 Lar kin. Street, San Francisco. Born in Belfast, Ire- 
land. 
William Walker, 1135 Valencia Street, San Francipco. Born io 

County Armagh, Ireland. 
Fred W. D'Evelyn, 824 Laguna Street, San Francisco. Born in 

Belfast, Ireland. 
Andrew B. Knox, 900 Valencia Street, San Francisco. 
Joseph H. Robinson, 1910 Market Street, San Francisco. 
Sinclair Trimble, 623 Lombard Street, San Francisco. Born in Ed- 

niskillen. County Fermanagh, Ireland. 
Johnston Elliott, 118 Third Street, San Francisco. Born in Ennia- 

killen, Ireland. 
Thomas S. Bowers, B.A., Berkley. Born in County Cavan, Ireland. 
George McCahon, San Francisco. Born in County Derry, Ireland. 
C. W. Gordon, Taylor Street, San Francisco. Born in Orange Coun^ 

ty, N. Y. 
Charles Crowe, San Francisco. Born in County Monaghan, Ireland. 
William Crosbie, San Francisco. Born in Ballymena, County An- 
trim, Ireland. 
John Finlay, San Francisco. Born in Belfast, Ireland. 
James Petticrew, San Francisco. Born in County Down, Ireland. 
John Dunn, San Francisco. Born in Aughabog, County Monaghan, 

Ireland. 
Thomas W. Moore, San Francisco. Bom in Tennessee. 
S. S. McKinley, San Francisco. Born in Londonderry, Ireland. 
George Morrow, San Francisco. Born in County Down, Ireland. 
Rev. J. P. Dickson, San Francisco. Born in Glasgow, Scotland. 
George F. Slieils, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, Cal. 
John McConkey, San Francisco. Born in Belfast, Ireland. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 305 

Thoiuns Morton, San Francisco. Born in County Tyrone, Ireland. 

John Patrick, San Francisco. Born in CJounty Tyrone, Ireland. 

J. L. Woods, San Francisco. Born in Sligo, Ireland. 

Henry Gray, San Francisco. Born in Antrim, Ireland. 

W. J. Greer, San Francisco. Born in Killkeel, County Down, Ire- 
land. 

Edmund Taylor, San Francisco. Born in County Tyrone, Ireland. 

Samuel J. Taylor, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, Cal. 

William Miller, San Francisco. Born in Canada. 

J. D. McMurry, San Francisco. Born in County Armagh, Ireland. 

A. M. Johnston, San Francisco. Born in Cookstqwn, County Tyrone, 
Ireland. 

William McMurray, San Francisco. Born in Belfast, Ireland. 

W. J. Dixon, San Francisco. Born in Belfast, Ireland. 

F. P. Thompsoti, San Francisco. Born in Charleston, W. Va. 

John Darrah, San Francisco. Born in County Antrim, Ireland. 

Earnest McCullough, San Francisco. Born on Staten Island, N. Y. 

Charles McCullough, San Francisco. Born on Staten Island, N. Y. 

John McB. McCullough, San Francisco. Born on Staten Island, 
N. Y. 

David Kerr, San Francisco. Born in Crankill, County Antrim, Ire* 
land. 

Franl^ Henderson, San Francisco. Born in Randlestown, County An* 
trim, Ireland.' 

Albert Dawson, San Francisco. Born in Lisburn, County Antrim, 
Ireland. 

Thomas Irvine, San Francisco. Born in Pettigo, County Tyrone, Ire- 
land. 

E. M. Taylor, San Francisco. Born in California. 

James P. Irvine, San Francisco. Born in Pettigo, County Tyrone, 
Ireland. 

John Dysart, San Francisco. Born in Portglenone, County Antrim, 
Ireland. 

John Boyd, San Francisco. Born in Aghodoey, County Derry, Ire- 
land. 

John S. Allen, San Francisco. Born in Randalstown, County Antrim, 

Ireland. 

Richard McCann, San Francisco. 

Thomas Clements, San Francisco. Born in County Antrim, Ireland. 

John H. Orr, San Francisco. Born in County Derry, Ireland. 

Robert Smith, San Francisco. Born in County Antrim, Ireland. 
20 



306 THE SCOTCH -IRISH IN AMERICA. 

T. K. Phillips, San Francisco. Born in Belfast, Ireland. 

John Stark, San Francisco. Born in Scotland. 

Kennedy Boyd, San Francisco. Born in Aghadoey, County Derry, 
Ireland. 

W. D. Duncan, San Francisco. Born in Aughnocloy, County Tyrone, 
Ireland. 

Alexander Irvine, San Francisco. Born in Pettigo^ County Tyrone, 
Ireland. 

Bev. Dr. M. M. Gibson, San Francisco. Bom in Xenia, O. 

Rodger D. Magee, San Francisco. Born in County Antrim, Ireland. 

H. S. Wallace, San Francisco. Dromore, County Down, Ireland. 

M. Harlow, San Francisco. Born in Ireland. 

James Campbell, San Francisco. Born in County Derry, Ireland. 

David W. Boyd, San Francisco. Born in Dough, County Antrim, 
Ireland. 

Gen. J. G. Wall, San Francisco. Born in Dublin, Ireland. 

Robert Jamison, San Francisco. Born in County Monaghan, Ireland. 

D. A. McKinley, San Francisco. Born in East Fairfield, O. 

F. M. Ward, San Francisco. Born in County Down, Ireland. 

M. S. Montgomery, San Francisco. Born in Athens, Pa. 

David Maguire, San Francisco. Born in County Fermanagh, Ire- 
land. 

Thomas McCartney, San Francisco. Bom in County Antrim, Ireland. 

Pennsylvania Scotch-Irish Society. 

officers. 

President Mr. W. W. Porter. 

First Vice President Rev. Dr. Henry C. McCook. 

Second Vice President Col. W. A. Herron. 

Secretary and Treasurer Mr. C. W. McKeehan. 

LIST OF MEMBERS. 

Hon. Joseph Allison, 4207 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. Daniel Agnew, Beaver, Beaver County, Pa. 

Hon. J. Simpson Africa, Union Trust Company, 719 Chestnut Street, 

Philadelphia. 
W. J. Adams, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Alexander Adams, 1621 Derry Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Kev. C, W. Buoy, D.D., 1334 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 
Samuel E. Broadbent, 3431 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 307 

J. C. Blair, HuDtingdon, Pa. 

JohD W. Buchanan, Beaver, Beaver County, Pa. 
• E. T. Black, Scranton, Pa. 

William Alexander Brown, 1631 Locust Street, Philadelphia. 

Samuel Bradbury, Wayne Avenue, Germantown, Philadelphia. 

Charles Elmer Bushnell, southeast corner Fourth and Chestnut 
Streets, Philadelphia. 

Henry Carver, 634 Drexol Building, Philadelphia. 

Hon. J. Donald Cameron, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

A. H. Christy, Scranton, Pa, 

Seth Caldwell, Jr., 1939 Chestnut Street (Girard Bank, third below 
Chestnut), Philadelphia. 

J. Albert Caldwell, 902 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Thomas Cochran, 4200 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Roland G. Curtin, M.D., 22 South Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia. 

Edward Campbell, Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa. 

Howan Clark, M.D., 112 Logan Street, Tyrone, Pa. 

William Crossley, 2103 Catharine Street, care Thomas Benshaw. 

Alexander Crow, Jr., 2112 Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. J. D. Campbell, 227 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 

Rev. David Conway, Mt. Joy, Lancaster County, Pa. 

Rev. William Cathcart, D.D., Hoyt, Montgomery County, Pa. 

Col. John Cassels, 1907 F. Street, Washington, D.C. 

John H. Chestnut, 508 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 

A. J. Cassatt, 202 W. Rittenhouse Square^, Philadelphia. 

Greorge Campbell, Washington Avenue and Twenty-first Street, 
Philadelphia. 

A. W. Dickson, Scranton, Pa. 

S. Ralston Dickey, Oxford, Chester County, Pa. 

James P. Dickson, Scranton, Pa. 

J. M. C. Dickey, Oxford, Chester County, Pa. 

Hon. John Dalzell, House of Representatives, Washington. 

J. P. Donaldson, Manhattan Life Building, Fourth and Chestnut 
Streets, Philadelphia. 

James Aylward Develin, 400 Chestnut Street, Wood Building. 

E. B. Dawson, Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa. 

Robert Dornan, Howard, Oxford, and Mascher Streets, Phila- 
delphia. 

John B. Deaver, M.D., 120 S. Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia. 

Rev. Ebenezer Erskine, D.D., Newville. Cumberland County, Pa. 

Hon. Thomas Ewing, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Samuel Evans, Columlra. Pa. 



808 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Daniel M. Easter, M.D., 1516 Christian Street, Philadelphia. 
Hon. T. B. Elder, Elders' Ridge, Indiana County, Pa. 

Rev. Alfred L. Elwyn, 1422 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. Nathaniel Ewing, Union town, Payette County, Pa. 

Hon. Thomas K. Finletter, 500 North Fifth Street, Philadelphia. 

William Righter Fisher, 701 Droxel Building, West End T. C, 202.> 
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

William N. Ferguson, M.D., 116 West York Street, Philadelphia. 

John Field, Young, Smyth, Field & Co., 816 Market Street, Phihi- 
delphia. 

William M.' Field, 5600 Lansdowne Avenue, Philadelphia. 

Hon. Joseph C. Ferguson, 1423 North Broad Street, Philadelphia. 

Samuel W. Fleming, 32 North Third Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 

D. Fleming, 325 North Front Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Hugh R. Fulton, Lancaster, Pa. 

Edgar Dudley Faries, 308 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. J. Milton Guthrie, Indiana, Pa. 

John Graham, Wilkesbarre, Pa. 

Duncan M. Graham, Carlisle, Pa. 

J. M. Guffy, 43 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Hon. James Gay Gordon, 1628 North Thirteenth Street, Phila- 
delphia. 

Rev. Loyal Y. Graham, D.D., 2325 Green Street, Philadelphia. 

Samuel F. Givin, 2116 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Capt John P. Green, Pennsylvania Railroad Office, Broad and Mar- 
ket Streets, Philadelphia. 

William B. Givin, 204 Locust Street, Columbia, Pa. 

Theodore R. Graham, 1917 Wallace Street, Philadelphia. 

Rev. S. A. Gayley, Wayne, Pa. 

Hon. R. M. Henderson, Carlisle, Cumberland Count}', Pa. 

Hon. Daniel H. Hastings, 419 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

A. G. Hetherington, 2049 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Col. W. A. Herron, 80 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Rev. I. N. Hays, D.D., 117 Sheffield Street, Allegheny, Pa. 

John J. L. Houston, 814 North Twenty-first Street, Philadelphia. 

John Hayes, Carlisle, Pa. 

Rev. John Hemphill, D.D., 2220 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 

James W. Houston, 27 Seventh Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 

H. H. Houston, 310 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Samuel F. Houston, 308 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. William B. Hanna, 110 South Thirty-eighth Street, Phila- 
delphia. , 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 309 

Capt. John C. Harvey, Hanisburg, Pa. 

William H. Hastings, M.D., 224 South Xinth Street, Philadelphia. 

James Hay, 25 South Water Street, Philadelphia. 

J. Bayard Henry, 742 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 

George Junkin, 532 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 
'B. K. Jamison, 137 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia. 

Joseph De F. Junkin, 532 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

John W. Jordan, 1300 Locust Street, Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

William J. Jordan, 804 North Twentieth Street, Philadelphia. 

Col. Thomas B. Kennedy, Chambersbiirg, Franklin County, Pa., 
President of Cumberland Valley Railroad. 

George C. Kennedy, 38 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa. 
John A. Linn, Eadnor^ Pa. 

Hon. James A. Logan, Pennsylvania Eailroad Office, Broad Street, 
Philadelphia. 

Rev. Samuel C. Logan, D.D., Scranton, Pa. 

Harry V. Logan, M.D., Scranton, Pa. 
James Long, 203 Church Street, Philadelphia. 

William P. Logan, 826 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 

John P. Logan, 826 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 

Hon. James W. Latimer, York, York County, Pa. 

Rev. William Laurie, D.D., Bellefonte, Pa. 

H. P. Laird, Greensburg, Pa. 

William J. Latta, Broad Street Station, Pennsylvania Railroad, 
Philadelphia. 

Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D., 3700 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Rev. J. S. Mcintosh, D.D., 2021 De Lancey Place, Philadelphia. 
Alexander K. McClure, Tke Times, Eighth and Chestnut Streets, 

Philadelphia. 
Rev. S. D. McConnell, D.D., 1318 Locust Street, Philadelphia. 
C. W. McKeehan, 634 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 
Thomas MacKellar, 612 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 
Rev. James Morrow, D.D., 701 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 
Hon. H. J. McAteer, Alexandria, Huntingdon County, Pa. 
Charles H. Mellon, 1734 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 
A. D. McConnell, Greensburg, Pa. 
John Mcllhenny, 1339 Cherry Street, Philadelphia. 
Rev. O. B. McCurdy, Duncannon, Pa. 
James B. McLean, Shippensburg, Pa. 
William F. McSparran, Furniss, Pa. 
George Gluyas Mercer, 701 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 



310 THE SCOTCH-IKISH IN AMERICA. 

S. A. Mutch more, D.D., Eighteenth and Montgomery Avenue. 

Eev. J. H. Munro, 714 North Broad Street, Philadelphia. 

William H. McFadden, M.D., 3505 Hamilton Street, Philadelphia- 
Edward E. Montgomery, M.D., 1818 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 

John M. McDowell, Chambersburg, Pa. 

John D. McCord, 2004 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 

Eev. J. D. Moffat, D.D., President of Washington and JeffersoD' 
College, Washington, Pa. 

Robert H. Moffitt, M.D., 200 Pine Street. Harrisburg, Pa. 

M. W. McAlamey, The Telegraphy Harrisburg, Pa. 

John C. McCurdy, 2200 North Front Street, Philadelphia. 

Daniel N. McQuillen, M.D., 1628 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

J. King McLanahan, HoUidajsburg, Pa. 

Hon. Samuel J. M. McCarrell, Harrisburg, Pa. 

R. S. McCombs, M.D., 648 North Eleventh Street, Philadelphia. 

William McDermott, Conshohocken, Pa. 

M. Simpson McCullough, 1717 Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia. 

James F. Magee, 114 North Seventeenth Street, Philadelphia. 

George D. McCreary, 101 South Twenty-first Street, Philadelphia. 

J. A. McDowell, 1727 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. John B. McPherson, Lebanon, Pa. 

Rev. H. W. McKnight, D.D., Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa. 

Hon. William McClean, Gettysburg, Adams County, Pa. 

Hon. Thomas Mellon, Pittsburg, Pa. 

A. W. Mellon, Pittsburg, Pa. 

J. P. McCaskey, Pennsylvania School Journal^ Lancaster, Pa. 

Dr. J. Atkinson McKee, 1628 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Justice J. Brewster McCollum, Girard House, Philadelphia. 

Edward B. McCormick, Greensburg, Pa. 

W. H. McCrea, Carlisle, Pa. 

John Houston Merrill, 709 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 
Dr. George L McKelway, 255 South Seventeenth Street, Phila- 
delphia. 
Dr. William McCombs, Hazleton, Pa. 
Robert McMeen, MilBingtown, Juniata County, Pa. 
H. M. North, Columbia, Lancaster County, Pa. 
A. Wilson Norris, No. 5 North Market Square, Harrisburg, Pa. 
D. A. Orr, Harrisburg, Pa. 
William B. Orr, 421 Wood Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 
John G. Orr, Chambersburg, Pa. 

C. Stuart Patterson, 600 Girard Building, Philadelphia. 
James Pollock, 2226 East Dauphin Street, Philadelphia. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 311 

William W. Porter, 623 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

T. Elliott Patterson, 229 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia. 

D, Eamsey Patterson, 525 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 

Eobert Pitcairn, Superintendent Pennsylvania Bailroad Company, 
Pittsburg, Pa. 

T. Hoge Patterson, 1728 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 

Thomas R. Patton, 1308 Pine Street, Philadelphia. 

Rev. W. A. Patton, D.D., Wayne, Delaware County, Pa. 

William A. Patton, Pennsylvania Railroad Office, Broad Street, 
Philadelphia. 

Hugh Pitcairn, M.D., 206 West State Street, Harrisburg, Pa- 
William Potter, Stenton Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. 

Theodore C. Patterson, 715 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

John B. Rutherford, Harrisburg, Pa. 

R. S. Reed, Thirty-third and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia. 

Samuel Rea, Pennsylvania Railroad Office, Broad Street, Phila^ 
delphia. 

Rev. Thomas H. Robinson, D.D., Western Theological Seminary, 
Ridge Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 

W. F. Rutherford, P. O. Box 104, Harrisburg, Pa. 

J. E. Rutherford, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Prof. John Calvin Rice, Cheltenham Academy, Ogontz, Fa. 

Hon. John B. Robinson, Media, Pa. 

George H. Stewart, Shippensburg, Pa. 

Justice James P. Sterrett, 3800 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Rev. S. E. Snively, D.D., Sixty-third and Market Streets, Phila- 
delphia. 

Rev. William I. Steans, Washburn Street, Scran ton. Pa. 

James D. Steele, 29 West Ninety-third Street, New York. 

Samuel C. Stewart, 1429 Moravian Street, Philadelphia. 

J. A. Searight, Uniontown, Pa. 

W. C. Shaw, M.D., 135 Wylie Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Rev. George B. Stewart, 215 North Second Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 

George Stephenson, 238 West Logan Square, Philadelphia. 

John B. Scott, 1520 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. Robert Snodgras8, 13 North Third Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 

T. B. Seawright, Uniontown, Pa. 

Frank W. Smith, 134 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia. 

, lion. James A. Stranahan, Office of Attorney General, Harrisburg, 
Pa. 

^'Hon. J. W. Simonton, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Mayor of Philadelphia, City Hall, Philadel- 
phia. 

Hon. John Stewart, Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pa. 

James M. Swank, 261 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 

William M. Stewart, 2008 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Hon. John Scott, 243 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 

William H. Scott, 229 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia. 



312 THE BCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

I Rev. DavM M. Skilling, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Charles Scott, 1520 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 

Charles Scott, Jr., 1520 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 

William Thompson, M.D., 1426 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Frank Thomson, 243 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 

Dr. John A. Thomson, Wrightsville, Pa. 

Rev. David Wills, D.D., Disston Memorial Church, Tacony, Pa. 

Hon. Joseph M. Woods, Lewistown, Pa. 

D. Walker Woods, Lewistown, Pa. 

Justice Henry W. Williams, Girard House, Philadelphia. 

Richard W. Woods, Carlisle, Pa. 

M. J. Wilson, M.D., 1750 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia. 

Alexander Wilson, M.D., 1863 North Front Street, Philadelphia. 

James S. Williams, 701 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. 

Rev. Nevin Woodsido, 25 Granville Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Prof. J. Clark Williams, Pittsburg, Pa. 

John W, Woodside, 2107 Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia. 
.William S. Wallace, 812 Girard Building, Philadelphia. 

Hon. William A. Wallace, Clearfield, Clearfield County, Pa. 

Thomas L. Wallace, Pennsylvania Railroad Freight Station, Harris- 
burg, Pa. 

Hon. Richardson L. Wright, 4308 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia. 

William Wigton, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 

Hon. John Russell Young, 1507 Poplar Street, Philadelphia. 



Alabama Scotch-Irish Society. 

officers. 

President Dr. J. H. Bryson, Huntsville. 

Vice-president Gen. R. D. Johnston, Birmingham. 

Vice-president Hon. Erwin Craighead, Mobile. 

Vice-president Hon. Frank P. Glass, Montgomery. 

Vice-president Judge James Lopsley, Anniston. 

Secretary William G. Montgomery, Birmingham. 

Treasurer John H. Miller, Birmingham. 

MEMBERS. 



Hon. Joseph F. Johnston, Bir- 
mingham. 

Hon. Addison G. Smith, Birming- 
ham. 

Col. J. H. Montgomery, Birming- 
ham. 

Dr. John C. Wilson, Birmingham. 

D. R. Dunlap, Birmingham. 

W. K. Brown, Binningham. 



Mrs. R. D. Johnston, Birminor- 
ham. 

Mrs. A. L. Ellis, Birmingham. 

Maj. John W. Johnston, Birming- 
ham. 

Miss Mary Johnston, Birming- 
ham. 

Miss Eloise Johnston, Birming. 
ham. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 313 



Andrew Cameron, Birmingham. 

Mi-s. Andrew Cameron, Birming- 
ham. 

Hon. Thomas M. Owen, Bessemer. 

Dr. M. C. Baldridge, Huntsville. 

Dr. J. D. Gibson, Birmingham. 

W. A. Chenowith, Birmingham. 

Leonidas C. Dickey, Birmingham. 

Eev. L. S. Handley, D.D., Bir- 
mingham. 

Rev. James W. Shearer, Birming- 
ham. 

Mrs. Mary G. Shearer, Birming- 
ham. 

Robert H. Kerr, Birmingham. 

Mrs. Belle F. Kerr, Birmingham. 

Hon. Joseph P. McQueen, Eutaw. 

James A. Going, Birmingham. 

Roseoe McConnell, Birmingham. 

Miss Hallie V. McConnell, Bir- 
mingham. 

Mrs. Sophia P. Montgomery, 
Birmingham. 

Miss Stella McConnell, Birming- 
ham. 

Mrs. Amzi Godden, Birmingham. 



Mrs, Carrie L. Montgomery, 
BirminghaiTi. 

T. A. Hamilton, Birmingham. 

George Huddleston, Birmingham. 

W. B. Leedy, Birmingham. 

Rev. Hugh K. Wallvcr, Birming- 
ham. 

Mrs. T. R. W. Jeffrey, Birming- 
ham. 

William Scully, Birmingham. 

E. A. Archibald, Birmingham. 

Harry Hawkins, Birmingham. 

E. K. Pampbell, Birmingham. 

John R. Ryan, Birmingham. 

Dr. E. H. Shall, Birmingham. 

E. E. Green, Birmingham. 

Dr. William H. Johnston, Bir- 
mingham. 

Capt. James Johnston, Birming- 
ham. 

R. L. Houston, Birmingham. 

Judge S. J. Gumming, Birming- 
ham. 

A. C. Moore, Birmingham. 

J. H. Capp, Birmingham. 

J. W. Stuart, BirminghanL 



Bjintucky Scotch-Irish Society, 
officers. 
President Dr. Hervey McDowell- 
First Vice President John D. Taggart. 

Second Vice President Maj. C. McClarty. 

Secretary and Treasurer Robert A. Watts. 

DIRECTORS. 

J. J. Harbison, R. C. Kinkead, 

H. W. Bruce, J. I. Blanton, 

Samuel Russell, H. P. Walker, 

John F. Henry, L. H. Blanton, 

S. M. Hamilton, T. E. Pickett, 

G. G. Brown, Samuel Brpwn. 



su 



THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA, 



MEMBERS. 

Armstrong, John Allen, Louis- Hamilton, S. M., D.D., Louisville- 
Handy, W. T., Cynthiana. 



ville. 

Atkinson, Edward, Henderson. 
Barr, John W., Jr., Louisville. 
Bauet, H. L., Louisville. 
Bauet, H. W., Louisville. 
Baird, David, Louisville. 
Bell, Garvin, Louisville. 
Bell, J. S., Louisville. 
Bianton, J. Irwin, Cynthiaaa. 
Blanton, L. H., Eichmond. 
Boyd, Judge E., Loudon. 
Boyd, Montgomery, Cynthiana. 
Boyd, Dr. J., Cynthiana. 
Breckinridge, D., Lexington. 
Breckinridge, E. J., Danville. 



Harbison, George, Louisville. 

Harbison, J. J., Louisville. 

Harris, J. D., E chmond. 

Hemphill, C. E., D.D,, Louis- 
ville. 

Henry, John P., Louisville. 

Hooper, Josephus, Louisville. 

Irwin, J. W., M.D., Louisville. 

Johnston, J. Stoddard, Louis^ 
ville. 

King, J. E., Louisville. 

Kinkead, E. C, Louisville. 

Knott, W. T., Lebanon. 

Leech, J. A., Louisville. 



Breckinridge, W. C. P., Lexing- Lewis, J. F., Louisville. 



ton. 
Briggs, J. B., Eussellville. 
Brown, G. G., Louisville. 
Brown, W. L., Christiansburg. 
Brown, Samuel, Christiansburg. 
Bruce, Judge H. W., Louisville. 
Bruce, Helm, Louisville. 
Buchanan, James, Louisville. 
Buchanan, J. 6., Louisville. 
Buchanan, John, Louisville. 
Caldwell, J. B., Louisville, 
Caldwell, H. B., Eussellville. 
Campbell, P. S., Louisville. 
Cochran, Eobert, Louisville. 
Cochran, E. A., Jr., Maysville. 



Lindsey, Gen. D. W., Frankfort. 
Lindsay, Hon. William, Senate 

Chamber, Washington, D. C. 
Lithgow, J. S., Louisville. 
Logan, J. v., D.D., Eichmond. 
Lockhart, G. C, Paris. 
Long, S. C, Georgetown. 
Marshall, John, Louisville. 
Mason, A. H., Louisville. 
Merwin, Mrs. M. I., Louisville. 
Murray, Hon. J. A., Cloverport. 
McBeath, Hon. T. E., Leitch^ 

field. 
McChord, John, Lebanon. 
McChord, E. C, Lebanon. 



Cochran, W. O., D.D., Millers- McChord, W. C, Springfield. 

burg. McClarty, Maj. C, Louisville. 

Coke, J. Guthrie, Eussellville. McClellan, H. B., Lexington. 

Cooper, J. T., Louisville. McComb, J. J., Louisville. 

Cummins, Thomas, D,I>., Hen- McDowell, Maj. H. C, Lexing. 

derson. ton. 

Dickson, Emmet M., Frankfort. McDowell, Hervey, M.D., Cyn- 

Grant, T. P., M.D., Louisville. thiana. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIEfi, 31& 

McElroy, J. S., D.D., Lexington. Smythe, Capt. Alex, Louisville. 

McGowan, Gavin, Louisville. Stewart, J. D., Louisville. 

McFerran, J. B., LouisvilJe. Swearingen, Bmbry, Louisville. 

McFerran, J. B., Jr., Louisville. Taggart, J. D., Second and Ken- 
Nunemacher, F. C, Louisville. tucky, Louisville. 

Parker, J. C, Louisville. Todd, J. Eoss, Louisville. 

Pickett, Thomas E., M.D., Mays- Walker, H. P., Lexington. 

ville. Ward, J. Q. A., Paris. 

Eichardson, B , M.D., Louisville. Waters, Samuel S., Louisville. 

Eobinson, Charles B., Anchor- Watts, Eobert A., Louisville. 

age. Wells, E. P., Louisville. 

Eussell, John C, Louisville. Whitsitt, W. H., D.D., Louisville. 

Eussell, Samuel, Louisville. Wilson, P. C, M.D., Louisville. 

Eyan, John, Louisville. Witherspoon, T. D., D.D., Louis- 
Saunders, Miles, D.D., Spring- ville. 

field. Witherspoon, H. A., Louisville. 

Sea, Capt. A. M., Louisville. Young, Col. B. H., Louisville. 



Atlanta Sootoh-Ibish Sooistt. 



OFFICERS. 



President. Eev. J. N. Craig. 

First Vice-president Col. B. J. Wilson, 

Second Vice-president . ,". Eev. G. B. Strickler. 

Third Vice-president Col. H. F. Starke. 

Secretary and Treasurer T. H. P. Bloodworth, 

Assistant Secretary F. T. Eyan. 



MEMBERS. 



Adair, Greorge W., Atlanta. 
Adair, Forest, Atlanta. 
Adair, G. B., Atlanta. 
Adair, A. D., Atlanta. 
Adair, Mrs. A. D., Atlanta. 
Adair, Miss Adeline, Atlanta. 
Adair, Miss Laura, Atlanta. 
Alexander, Hooper, Atlanta. 
A.nder8on, Clifford, Atlanta. 
Askew, W. S., Atlanta. 
Barnett, Eev. E. H., Atlanta. 
Barnett, Samuel, Atlanta. 
Barry, John A., Atlanta. 
Barry, Eobert A., Atlanta. 



Bateman, J. B., Atlanta. 

Bell, W. S., Atlanta. 

Bloodworth, T. H. P., Atlanta. 

Bloodworth, Mrs. Susan McDow- 
ell, Atlanta. 

Bloodworth, Miss Frances M., At- 
lanta. 

Bloodworth, B. H., Macon. 

Biggers, S. T., Atlanta. 

Boyd, W. W., Atlanta. 

Boyd, Thomas J., Atlanta. 

Boyd, Mrs. Saville Eedwine, At- 
lanta. 

Brazelton, Eobert, Atlanta. 



316 



THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 



Burruss, Miss A. C, Atlanta. 

Bussey, Mrs. S. McKinloy, Atlan- 
ta. 

Caldwell, Arthur B., Atlanta. 

Caldwell, J. B., Atlanta. 

Caldwell, James M., Atlanta. 

Caldwell, Kobert H., Atlanta. 

Caldwell, Miss Frizzell, Newnan. 

Calhoun, A. W., Atlanta. 

Calhoun, A. E., Atlanta. 

Calhoun, Pat, Atlanta. 

Calhoun, P. H., Atlantii. 

Calhoun, Col. W. L., Atlanta. 

Cameron, B. H., Atlanta. 

Cameron, Miss Irene W., Atlanta. 

Cargile, J. L., Atlanta. 

Carlile, James, Atlanta. 

Courtney, Mrs. J. C, Atlanta. 

Courtney, Miss Mollie, Atlanta. 

Colville, Fulton, Atlanta. 

Conn, A. C, Atlanta. 

Clark, Thomas M., Atlanta. 

Clark, Miss Annie, Atlanta. 

Clark, Miss Carrie, Atlanta. 

Clark, Miss Cora, Atlanta. 

Cooper, W. G., Atlanta. 

Clark, Dr. J. T., Atlanta. 

Craig, Rev. J. N., Atlanta. 

Craig, J. N., Jr., Atlanta. 

Cree, James H., Atlanta. 

Crow, I)r. W. A., Atlanta. 

Cunningham, A. F., Atlanta. 

Cunningham, Judge J. D., At- 
lanta. 

Dallas, George J., Atlanta. 

Douglas, Hamilton, Atlanta 

Douglas, E. Lee, Atlanta. 

Douglas, R. C, Atlanta. 

Douglas, Dr. P. W., Atlanta. 

Duncan, Dr. John W., Atlanta. 

Dunlap, Col. J. C, Atlanta. 



Divine, Dr. K. C, Atlanta. 
Divine, Miss Fannie L., Newnan. 
Erskine, Judge John, Atlanta. 
Forbes, Capt. Greorgo B., Atlanta. 
Forbes, Mrs. Mary C, Atlanta. 
Frierson, Mrs. Sallie, Atlanta. 
Fry, Mrs. M. A. A., Atlanta. 
Feagan, J. D., Atlanta. 
Fielder, Thomas, Atlanta. 
Gaines, Eev. F. H., Marietta. 
Gann, R. M., Atlanta. 
Gaston, Dr. J. McF., Atlanta. 
Glenn, Col. W. C, Atlanta. 
Haig, Miss Ida, Atlanta. 
Hay, C. C, Atlanta. 
Hamilton, Col. H. C, Dalton. 
Hamilton, John, Atlanta. 
Hamilton, L. E., Atlanta. 
Hendrix, J. C, Atlanta. 
Henry, C. R., Atlanta. 
Hiiliard, Hon. Henry W., Atlanta. 
Hood, Dr. J. W., West End. 
Hogan, John L., Atlanta. 
Holliday, J. S., Atlanta. 
Houston, Maj. W. J., Atlanta. 
Houston, W. W., Atlanta. 
Hoyt, Judge W. R., Atlanta. 
Johnson, T. L., Atlanta. 
Johnson, W. R., Atlanta. 
Kell, Capt. J. Mcintosh, Atlanta. 
Kenan, Dr. A. H, Atlanta. 
Kenan, L. H., Atlanta. 
Kerr, J. L. C, Atlanta. 
King, Dr. C. R, Atlanta. 
King, Dr. W. R., Atlanta. 
Kirkpatrick, J. C, Atlanta. 
Kirkpatrick, J. Wallis, Atlanta. 
Krug, Mrs. Lillie McDowell, At- 

lanta. 
Laird, William, Atlanta. 
Lester, J. F., Atlanta. 



/ 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 317 



Leyburn, E. R., Decatur. 
Lewis, Gen. J. E., Atlanta. 
Livingston, Hon. L. F., King. 
Logan, John L., Jr., Atlanta. 
Mack, Rev. Joseph B., D.D. 
Malone, C. F., Atlanta. 
McAfee, William, Atlanta, 
McAfee, W. W., Atlanta. 
McBride, Col. A. J., Atlanta. 
McBride, Robert, Newnan. 
McBride, William C, Newnan! 
McClellan, William, Atlanta. 
McCrary, Rev. J. W., Atlanta. 
McCoUum, J. R., Atlanta. 
McCroskey, A. D. L., Atlanta. 
McCord, M. J., Atlanta. 
McDonald, M. G., Rome. 
McGarity, Dr. A. B., Atlanta. 
McKinley, Nathaniel, Atlanta. 
McMichael, Capt. J. C, Atlanta. 
McWhorter, James L., Atlanta. 
Mehaffee, R. L., Atlanta. 
Miller, T. C, Atlanta. 
Mitchell, Rev. James, D.D., At- 
lanta. 
Mitchell, L. T., Atlanta. 
Mitchell, E. M., Atlanta. 
Mobley, E. D. L., Atlanta. 
Murphy, Otis A., Bamesville. 
Montgomery, C. D., Atlanta, 
Morrison, Hal., Atlanta. 
Montgomery, VV. J., Atlanta. 
Myers, Mrs. Mary Fairlie, Atlanta. 
Nicholas, W. M., Atlanta. 
Nesbit, Judge J. T., Macon. 
Osbom, R. S., Atlanta. 
Paden, J. M., Concord. 
Parks, Dr. W. D., Atlanta. 
Parry, Harvey L., Atlanta. 
Patton, J. H., Atlanta. 
Pharr, R. K., Atlanta. 



Pierce, Jeff, Atlanta. 
Quigg, Rev. Henry, Atlanta. 
Quillian, Fletcher A., Atlanta. 
Raine, Maj. Joseph R., Atlanta. 
Rankin, J. Y., Atlanta. 
Ray, Hon. Lavender R., Atlanta. 
Reed, Harry M., Atlanta. 
Robb, Charles, Atlanta. 
Roberts, Capt. E. M., Atlanta. 
Ryan, Frank T., Atlanta. 
Saul, W. S., Atlanta. 
Saunders, H. G., Atlanta. 
Scott, Col. George W., Atlanta. 
Scott, G. B., Atlanta. 
Scott, S. R,, Atlanta. 
Scott, Rev. W. J., D.D., Atlanta. 
Scott, Miss Alice B., Atlanta. 
Shaw, A., Atlanta. 
Sharp, Harry, Atlanta. 
Sharp, Jamqs, Atlanta. 
Sims, E. C, Atlanta. 
Sloan, D. TJ., Atlanta. 
Smith, Maj. C. H., Cartersvillo. 
Speirs, W. J., Atlanta. 
Spence, N. C, Atlanta. 
Steel, William, Atlanta. 
Stephens, Dr. L. P., Atlanta. 
Stewart, Andy P., Atlanta. 
Stewart, D. O., Atlanta. 
Strickler, Rev. G. B., D.D., At^ 

lanta. 
Thompson, J. W., Atlanta. 
Thompson, R. G., Atlanta. 
Tignor, W. A., Atlanta. 
Toon, J. J., Atlanta. 
White, W. Woods, Atlanta. 
Wilson, Col. B. J., West End. 
Wilson, Philip D., West End. 
Wilson, William, West End. 
Wilson, R. E., Atlanta. 
Wilson, Robert H., Atlanta. 



318 



THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA, 



West, Col. A. J., Atlanta. 
Wiles, K. J., Atlanta. 
Whiteside, James E., Atlanta. 



Wolf, Mrs. E. P. McDoweU, At- 
lanta. 
Wyley, Capt. James E., Atlanta. 



Georgia Scotch-Irish Society. 

officers. 

President E. L. McWhorter, Penfield. 

Vice-president Col. B. J. Wilson, Atlanta. 

Secretary and Treasurer T. H. P. Bloodworth. 

MEMBERS. 



Eev. E. D. Peny, Covington. 

Hon. E. L. McWhorter, Penfield. 

W. Hugh Hunter, Dallas, Tex. 

Eev. James Mitchell, D.D., At- 
lanta. 

Col. A. J. McBride, Atlanta. 

Col. H. Frankly n Starke, Atlanta. 

Fulton Colville, Atlanta. 

Dr. T. F. Brewster, Atlanta. 

John W. Thompson, » Atlanta. 

Eobert T. Dow, Atlanta. 

Frank T. Eyan, Atlanta. 

T. H. P. Bloodworth, Atlanta. 

Mrs. W. H. Felton, Cartersville. 

Hugh H. Coskery, Augusta, 

Howard B. Felton, Cartersville. 

Col. W. J. Kincaid, Griffin. 

Judge Hamilton McWhorter, 
Lexington, 

Mrs. M. E. Phinazee, High Falls. 

John T. Wilson, Gainesville. 

James G. Bailey, Augusta. 



Col. George W. Adair, Atlanta. 
Forest Adair, Atlanta. 
Hon. W. L. Calhoun, Atlanta. 
Walter G. Cooper, Atlanta. 
Col. L, F. Livingston, King. 
Hugh D. McCutcheon, Marietta. 
James McCutcheon, Buford. 
Greer Quigg, Conyers. 
Mrs. Charles Yenable, Atlanta. 
Miss Annie Adair, Atlanta. 
Oliver S. Porter, Covington. 
Peter McDermed, Gainesville. 
William P. Maxwell, Montezuma. 
0. H. B. Bloodworth, Forsyth. 
Dr. E. A. McDonald, Griffin. 
G. A. Cunningham, Griffin. 
W. C. Hodnett, Griffin. 
Samuel Tannahill, Augusta. 
John S. Eeid, Eaton ton. 
Dr. C. E. King, Atlanta. 
John F. Delacy, Eastman. 
John Harper Davidson, Augusta. 



Tennessee Scotch-Irish Society, 

officers. 

President George Searight, Hendersonville. 

Secretary and Treasurer Paul W. Treanor, Nashville. 

Vice-presidents. 

Middle Tennessee Gov. John P. Buchanan, Nashville. 

East Tennessee Hon. Eobert L. Taylor, Chattanooga. 

West Tennessee Col. J. M. Keating, Memphis. 



LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF STATE SOCIETIES. 319 

MEMBERS. 

Robert G. Throne, 212 Public Square, Nashville. 

Eev. Matthew H. Houston, 28 Vanderbilt BuHding, Nashville. 

Dr. Paul F. Eve, corner Church and Vine Streets, Nashville. 

Col. James M. Hamilton, 321 Public Square, Nashville. 

Dr. James D. Plunket, 145 North Spruce Street, Nashville, 

Col. T. T. Wright, 25 Vanderbilt Building, Nashville. 

Gideon W. Gifford, 718 Woodland Street, Nashville. 

George R. Knox, General Freight Agent N. & C. R. R., Nashville. 

J. M. Lindsley, 133 North Spruce Street, Nashville. 

Col. Arthur S. Colyar, Cole Building, Nashville. 

Thomas Gibson, 407 Public Square, Nashville. 

Edward C. McDowell, 25 Vanderbilt Building, Nashville. 

Lemuel R. Campbell, Cole Building, Nashville. 

J. D. Park, Nashville. 

E. Read, Nashville. 

John W. Cowan, 135 McLeniore Street, Nashville. 

John F. Campbell, Waverly Place, Nashville. 

Bradford F. Nichol, 906 South College Street, Nashville. 

Clarence B. Wallace, 1925 Church Street, Nashville. 

A, C. Floyd, Columbia. 

Rev. Jerry Witherspoon, D.D., 154 North Summer Street, Nashville.. 

H. W. Lowrie, Vanderbilt Building, Nashville. 

J. D. Campbell, Nashville. 

P. S. Campbell, 313 Gowdy Street, Nashville. 

James H. McPhail, 437 North Summer Street, Nashville. * 

David P. Adams, 212 Public Square, Nashville. 

Dr. Thomas A. Atchiso6, 214 North High Street, Nashville. 

Bird S. Rhea, 22 Asylum Street, Nashville. 

Harvey S. Thompson, Columbia. 

Charles A. Locke, 1 Cole Building, Nashville. 

John Eli Sloan, 922 Church Street, Nashville. 

Adam G. Adams, 212 Public Square, Nashville. 

Hon. Benton McMillin, Carthage. 

James Andrews, Columbia. 

Hon. TuUy R. Cornick, Sr., 35 Church Street, Knoxvilla 

J. D. Cowan, Knoxville. 

Col. John M. Keating, 108 Madison Street, Memphis. 

Dr. J. P. Dake, 218 North Vine Street, Nashville. 

Hon. Robert L. Taylor, Chattanooga. 

Rev. D. S. Wilson, D.D., PulaskL 



320 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

George Soaright, Henderson ville. 

Samuel Kinkade, 135 McLemore Street, XashviJle. 

Rev. D. C. Kelley, D.D., Leeville. 

William D. Rliea, 16 Asylum Street, Nashville. 

Gov. John P. Buchanan, Nashville. 

John H. Moore, 604 Demonbreun Street, Nashville. 

Jolui Bell Keeble, 309 Main Street, Nashville. 

J. Mc'Ferrin Anderson, 224J North Cherry Street, Nashville. 

Dr. Willinm J. McMurray, 922 South Summer Street, Nashvilla 

James S. Pilcher, Addison Avenue, Nashville. 

John D. McLin. 804 Fatherland Street, Nashville. 

Jacob A. Cartwright, 26 and 27 Cole Building, Nashville. 

Mayor Georti^e B. Guild, Nashville. 

Hon. Mark S. Cockrill, West Nashville. 

Frank M. Ewing, 11 Vendome Building, Nashville. 

Judge J. M. Dickinson, 230i Cherry Street, Nashville. 

J. W. Lawless, 217 Public Square, Nashville. 

Paul W. Treanor, Commercial Club, Nashville. 

W. B. Walton, Sr., Madison Station. 

David C. Scales, corner Berry and Meridian Streets, Nashville* 

Robert F. Jackson, 224i North Cherry Street, Nashville. 

Samuel Cowan, 135 McLemore Street, Nashville. 

Robert Cowan, Cole Building, Nashville 

Hon. William J. Sykes, Memphis. 

Thomas M. Carouthers, Nashville. 

T. D. Smyth, Nashville. 

David P. Stuart, corner Scovel and Bellville Streets, Nashville. 

Tully R. Cornick, Jr., 34 and 35 Deadrick Building, Knoxville. 

Cornelius E. Lucky, Knoxville. 

W. Ramsey Mclver, Nashville. 

Robert P. McGinnis, 306* Union Street, Nashville. 

Evander Mclver, Nashville. 

Frank R. Birdsall, 329-331 Church Street, Nashville. 

William M. Brown, 308 North Market Street, Nashville. 

J. P. W. Brown, 211 North Spruce Street, Nashville. 

Lewis K. Torbet, 218-220 North Front Street, Nashville. 

Charles Sykes, 304 North College Street, Nashville. 



Virginia Scotch-Irish Society, 
officers. 

President Hon. William Wirt Henry, Richmond. 

Secretary Hon. J. A. Waddell, Staunton. 

(Roll of members not furnished.) 



list of officers and members of state societies. 321 

North Carolina Scotch- Irish Society. 

officers. 

PrendmU Dr. George Graham, Charlottt^. 

Secretary Prof. John Hanna, Charldte. 

(Roll of members Dot furnished.) 



Scotch-Trish Society of Iowa. 

officers. 

President Col. John Scott, Nevada. 

Vice President Col. Barlow Granger, Des Moines. 

Vice President Rev. Henry Wallace, Des Moines. 

Treasurer D. D. Fleming, Des Moines. 

Secretary D. B. Patterson, Des Moine<*. 

Executive Committee — P. M. Casady, George C. Boggs, S. J. Lough- 
ran. Dr. R. U. Chapmun, W. H. Fleming — all of Des Moines: 

Marshal Capt. M. T. Russell, Des Moines. 

Assistant Marshal A. K. Campbell. Des Moine9. 

MEMBERS. 

Hon. Isaac Brandt, Des Moines. John Fyfe, Des Moines. 

Hon. Geo. C. Boggs, Des Moines. Rev. R. A. Ferguson, Maxwell. 

Amos Brandt, Des Moines. Alex Graham, Des Moines. 

Rufus Blair, Des Moines. B. F. Granger, Grimes. 

Henry V. Bausman, Cambridge. Robert Galbraith, Des Moines. 

C. A. Berry, Casey. Hon. N. M. Hubbard, Cedar 
Mrs. Violet Scott Blattner, Des Rapids. 

Moines. John B. Hatch, Des Moines. 

James R. Baxter, Ida Grove. Thomas Hatton, Des Moines. 

Mrs. Anna Baxter, Ida Grove. John J. Hamilton, Do:^ Moines. 

J. H. Campbell, Des Moines. J. C. Hume, Des Moines. 

J. N. Casady, Council Bluff. Mrs. S. B. Hall, Des Moines. 

William Campbell, Des Moines. Rev. Howard A. Johnston, D.D., 
John Cochran, Indianola. Des Moines. 

Mrs. Jessie Cheek, Des Moines. W. D. Kyle, Ames. 

Mrs. Simon Casady, Des Moines. W. V. Kyle, Ames. 

Mrs. Frank Cooper, Des Moines. David L. Loughran, Ames. 

Dr. Francis S. Carothers, Des Edmond Loughran, Ames. 

Moines. W. L. Lyons, Des Moines. 

John Clements, Perry. W. W. Lyons, Des Moines. 

Allan Dawson, Des Moines. Mrs. Jennie Larimore, Des 
W. H. Fleming, Des Moines. Moines. 

Robert Fullerton, Des Moines. W. H. Langan, Des Moines. 
21 



322 THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. 

Miss Frances Loughran, Des Robert E. McCain, Dos Moines. 

Moines. George W. McKean, Perry. 

Mrs. Mary Larimore, Des Moines. Miss Helene Nelson, Des Moines. 
Mrs. E. S. Lewis, Des Moines. S. P. Oldfield, Mitchellville. 
Mrs. Charles H. Martin, Des Hon. J. S. Polk, Des Moines. 

Moines. Mrs. D. B. Patterson, Des Moines. 

Mrs. I. T. Martin, Des Moines. Dr. Robert A. Patchin, Des 
Judge W. B. Miller, Des Moines. Moines. 
Mrs. Mary Hamilton Miller, Des Miss Mary McAuley Taggart 

Moines. Pressley, Des Moines. 

Hon. C. G. McCarthy, Des Mrs. R. R. Peters, Des Moines. 

Moines. Mrs. Emma C. Pugh, Des Moines. 

Hon. James W. McDill (de- Rev. James C. Quinn, D.D., 

ceased), Creston. LL.D., Mason City. 

Mrs. A. E. McMurray, Des John R. Rollins, Des Moines. 

Moines. S. A. Robertson, Des Moines. 

J. N. McClure, Des Moines. H. M. Robinson, Des Moines. 

Rev. W. T. McConnell, Des John Ross, Lohrville. 

Moines. Dr. Jessie Ritchie, Des Moines. 

H. C. McDonnell, Des Moines. Mrs. C. E. Risser, Des Moines. 
J. H. McBride, Des Moines. Mrs. Mary Avis Scott, West 

R. D. McGeehan, Atlantic. Union. 

Hon. Samuel McNutt, Muscatine. Marcus Simpson, Burlington. 
Hon. W. H. McFarlane, Des Mrs. William Smith, Des Moines. 

Moines. J. D. Smith, Zearing. 

Rev. C. T. McCaughan, D.D., Miss Jennie Smith, Des Moines. 

Winterset. Miss Nellie Stark, Des Moines. 

J. D. McFarland, Des Moines. Rev. James Small, Des Moines. 
O. L. McAuley, Peoria. Joseph Sampson, Sioux City. 

Frank M. McArthur, Des Moines. Joshua Smith, Des Moines. 
D. S. McQuiston, Des Moines. Mrs. A. D. Struthera, Des Moines. 
George B. McCaughan, Des Mrs. Martha Steverts. Des Moines. 

Moines. Mrs. R. M. Turner, Des Moines. 

R. L. McConnell, Des Moines. p. C. Wilkins, Des Moines. 
C. B. McCray, Des Moines. Prof. Henry C. Wallace, Ames. 

Dr. W. H. McKay, Des Moines. J. J. Williams, Des Moines. 
David McHaffey, Eldon. George C. Woods, Des Moines. 

W. H. McHenry, Des Moines. J. W. Whitlock, Des Moines. 
William McLuen, Perry. Hon. Lafe Young, Des Moines. 

Cornelius McLuen, Perry. Rev. W. J. Young, Des Moines. 

Mrs. Nannie Fitzgerald McCain, Mrs. Sarah Brown Walker, Keo. 

Des Moines. sauqua. 



CONTENTS OF VOLUME L 



PART I. Piioi 

Introduction, by Mr. Robert Bonner 1 

The Scotch-Irish Congress 3 

Officers and Committees of the Local Organization 10 

Contributors to Expense Fund 12 

Letters 13 

Minutes and Short Addresses 24 

Officers and C<immitteeb of the Scotch -Irish Socii.i y of Asierica 66 

Action of Committees 66 

PART II. 
The Harp of Tom Moore 70 

Addresses. 

The Scotch-Irish. By Ex-Governor Prootor Knott 72 

What the Scotch-Irish Have Done for Education. By Prof. George 

Macloskie 90 

Scotch-Irish Characteristics. By Rev. John Hall, D.D 102 

The Scotch-Irish of the South. By Hon. William Wirt Henry 110 

The Scotch of Tennessee. By Rev. D. C. Kelley, D.D 132 

Scotch-Irish Achievement. By Colonel A. K. McClure 178 

Scotch-Irish Character. By Hon. Benton McMillin 187 

John Knox in Independence Hall. By Rev. John S. Macintosh, D.D. 191 
Scotch-Irish of Maury County, Tenn. By Hon. V^. a Fleming 202 

(323) 



CONTENTS OF VOLUME IL 

PART I. 

FRONTisprecE — Enqravixq op Mr. RonERT Bonnes. ^*"« 

Preface 4 

The Second Congress. By A. C. Floyd 5 

Officers and Commitibeb of the Local Organization 11 

Contributors to the Expense Fund » 13 

Letters and Informal Addresses 1^ 

Proceedings 30 

Officers and Com.mitteks of the Scotch-Irish Socikty of America 78 

Treasurer's Report 84a 

Contributions to General Expense Fund for First Year 846 

PART II. 
Addribbses. 

The Making of the UlBterman. By Rev. Dr. John S. Macintosh, 
of Philadelphia, Pa 85 

The Scotch-Irish of New England. By Prof. Arthur L. Perry, of Will- 
iams College, Williamstown, Mass 107 

Gen. Sam Houston, the Washington of Texas. By Rev, Dr. D. C. 
Kelley, of Gallatin, Tenn 146 

The Sc'otch-Irish of Western Pennsylvania. By Hon. John Dalzell, of 
Pittsburg, Pa 1 75 

The Scotch-Irish of Ohio. By Hon. J;inie- E. Ciiinplxill, Governor of 
Ohio 192 

The Prestons of America. By Hon. W. E. Robinson, Brooklyn, N. Y. 204 

Washington and Lee, the Scotch -Irish University of the South. By 
Prof H. A. White, I^xington, Ky 223 

The Scotch-Irish of Pennsylvania. By Ex-CJiief-justice Hon. Daniel 
Agnew, of Beaver, Pg 847 

The Ulster of To-day. By Rev. Dr. John Hall, of New York City I'ott 

The Closing Services, including the sormoii of Rev. John Hnl) 2G1 

\ppENDrx, containing List of Members 2"»7 

Ofiicers and Members of State Societies. 295^ 

(324) 



CONTENTS OF VOLUME nX 

PART I. 

Prontispibcb— Engraving of Dr. John Halu Page 

The Third Congress. By A. C. Floyd 1 

'Committees of the Local Organization at Loihsville 8 

Contributors to Entertainment Fund 9 

JjEcnfKBS and Telegrams. 
Invitations from the Governor of Georgia, city of Atlanta, and Local 

Organizations 10 

Constitution and By-laws 69-72 

Officers of the Society 73 

Executive Committee 75 

Life Members 76 

PART II. 
Lottibvillb's Greeting to Erin's Son& A poem by Mr. Wm. McCready 78 

AlDDREBBBB. 

The Scotch-Irish of the Bench and Bar. By Hon. A. E. Stevenson, of 

Bloomington, 111 79 

Patriotism of the Scotch-Irish. By Prof. George Macloskie, of Prince- 

Ton, N. J 96 

Scotch-Irish Influence upon the Formation of the Government of the 

United States. By Rev. J. H. Bryson, D.D., of Huntsville, Ala 99 

The Scotch-Irish Kace among the Nations. By Rev. Dr. Thomas 

Murphy, of Philadelphia, Pa 123 

The Scotch-Irish of California. By Mr. Terence Masterson, of San 

Francisco, Cal 139 

The Scotch-Irish in East Tennessee. By Judge Oliver P. Temple, of 

Knoxville, Tenn 160 

Andrew Jackson. By Rev. D. C. Kellev, of Tennessee 182 

Facts about Ulster. By Rev. Dr. John Hall, of New York 187 

The Scotch-Irish of Kentucky. By Judge William Lindsay, of Frank- 
fort, Ky 191 

The Scotch-Irish in Canada. By Rev. Stuart Acheson,' A.M., of To- 
ronto 195 

Our Pledge to Posterity. 

By Rev. John S. Macintosh, D.D., of Philadelphia, Pa 213 

Papers Contributed. 

The Scotch-Irish. A poem by Mrs. Kate Brownlee Sherwood, of Can- 
ton, 225 

The Scotch-Irish in the General Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian 
Church of North America. By Rev. David Steele, D.D., Philadel- 
phia, Pa 227 

The Scotch-Irish of Southwestern Pennsylvania. By Mr. S. T. Wiley 232 
The Workmans. By Rev. Stuart Acheson, A.M , of Toronto, Canada. 240 

Genealogical and Biographical Sketch of Samuel Evans 242 

Rbligious Services and Closing Exercises at the Louisville Auditokium. 

Dr. John Hall's Sermon 243-252 

In Memoriam. 

W. J. Frierson, Oakland, Cal 253 

James Todd, Louisville, Ky 254 

Matthew T. Scott, Bloomington, III 256 

John Orr, Steubenville, O : 260 

Thomas Wilson, Freeland, Pa 262 

List of Members 264 

Books and Pamphlets Contributed 326 

(325) 



CONTENTS OF YOLUME IT, 



PART I, 

Fro n ti sp i u cid— Engrayinq of Dr. John 8. MacIntoso. Pam 

The Fourth Congress. By A. C. Floyd 1 

COMMITTBE of THE LoCAL ORGANIZATION AT ATLANTA 7 

Letters and Telegrams 10 

Invitations from the Governor of Ohio, city of Springfield, and local 

organizations 10 

Invitations from the Governor, Senators, Representatives, and State 
Officials of Iowa, the city of Des Moines, and the Scotch-Irish So- 
ciety of Iowa 12 

PROCEEDINGS. 

Constitution and Bt-laws. 91 

Officers of the Society 94 

Executive Committeb 96 

Life Members 97 

PART II. 

With a Sprig of White Heather. A poem by Wallace Bruce 100* 

Addresses. 
The Scotch-Irish of Atlanta, By Col. G. W. Adair, of Atlanta, Ga,. . . 101 
The Scotch-Irish of Iowa. By Mr. Henry Wallace, of Des Moines, 

Iowa 114 

Three American Ideals — The Puritan, Cavalier, and Scotch-Irish. By 

Henry Alexander White, M.A., Ph.D., D.D., of Lexington, Va 120 

The Georgia Cracker. By Maj. Charles H. Smith (Bill Arp), Carters- 

ville, Ga, 126 

Scotch-Irish in Georgia. By Hon. Patrick Calhoun, of Atlanta, Ga. . 130 

The Ireland of To-day, By Rev. Dr. John Hall, of New York 15a 

The Scotch-Irish in America— Who Are They? and What Are They? 

By Dr. A. Given, of Louisville, Ky 158^^ 

The Inventors of the Scotch-Irish Race. By Dr. John H. Bryson, of 

Huntsville, Ala 174 

An Early Ulsterman. By Mr. George H. Frey, of Springfield, 180 

Scotch-Irish Homespun. By Rev. H. Calhoun, of Mansfield, 195 

Acts of the Scotch-Irish Fathers. By Rev. H. Calhoun, of Mansfield, 0. 199 
The Scotch-Irish Settlers and Statesmen of Georgia. By Col. I. W. 

Averv, of Atlanta, Ga 204 

(326) 



CONTENTS OP VOLUME IV. 327 

Short Impromptu Addresses. Paob 

By Prof. George Macloskie, Princeton College 220 

By Rev. Henry Quigg, D.D., Ck>nyer8, Ga 226 

By Rey. Samuel Young, Allegheny City, Pa. 228 

By Col. I. W. Avery, Atlanta, Ga 231 

By Judge Hamilton McWhorter, Atlanto, Ga. aj2 

By Capt G. B. Forbes, Atlanta, Ga 235 

By Hon. David D. Roper, Slatington, Pa. 237 

By Mr. Helm Bruce, Louisville, Ky 240 

By Judge James B. Gordon, Philadelphia, Pa 242 

Shamrock and Thistle, a poem. By Mr. Charles Hubner, of Atlanta, 

Ga 248 

Closing Religious Exercises at DeGive's Opera House 251 

Dr. John Hall's Sermon 258 

In Msmoriam. 

Andrew C. Black, Springfield, O 271 

Col. William M. Irvine, Richmond, Ky 272 

Hon. John Jay Knbx, New York 273 

Samuel Wilson, Mantorville, Minn 276 

Dr. J. M. Deaver, Lancaster County, Pa 278 

Hon. William E. Robinson, Brooklyn , . . 280 

List of Mbmbebs. 

Contents of Volume 1 366 

Contents of Volume II 867 

Contbntb of Volume III •••••• •• • 86S 



CONTENTS OF VOLUME V* 

PART I. 

Frontispibck— Engraving of Rev. John H. Bryson, D.D. Pagb. 

OpFICEHB of the SoOTCH-IfilSH SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1 

Executive Ck>ifMnTEB\ 8 

Life Mehbbbs 4 

Constitution and By-la wb 5 

Committees of the Local Organization 9 

Contributors to the Local Expense Fund 10 

The Fifth Congress. By A. 0. Floyd 11 

PROCBBDINQS. 

Gov. McKinley's Address of Welcome 19 

Mayor Johnson's Address of Welcome 29 

Mr. Henry Wallace's Address 37 

Report of Executive Committee 40 

Objects of the Society. Dr. John Hall 61 

De8 Moines's Invttation 70 

Commemorative Tree Planting 8$ 

PART II. 

Addresses. 

Gov. Allen Trimble, of Ohio. By Dr. Hugh Stnart FuUerton 95 

Joseph Henry. By Prof. George Macloskie, of Princeton College, N. J. 100 

Our Naval Heroes. By Elev. D. C. Kelley, D.D 109 

Francis Makamie. By Rev. John 8. Macintosh, D.D 119 

The Scotch-Irish of cfark County, 0. By Judere John C. Miller 135 

The Scotch-Irish of Fayette County, Pa. By Hon. Paoli S. Morrow.. 166 

California's Greetings. By Rev. Frank P. Thompson 185 

The Scotch-Irish and Episcopacy. By Rev. S. D. McConnell, D.D.. . . 188 

The Story of the Family. By Gen. John Beatty 195 

The Scotch-Irish of Western Virginia. By Col. William Preston 

Johnston 199 

Dr. D. Hayes Agnew. By Dr. J. Howe Adams, Ardmore, Pa 202 

Canada's Greetings; An Old Bible. By Rev. Samuel Lyle, B.D . .204, 206 

Closing Exercises of the Congress, with Dr. John Hall's Sermon . . . 20.S 

In Memo ri am. 

James Gillespie Blaine 229 

Andrew Jackson Witherspoon 284 

Dr. H. S. Fullerton 239 

Rev. James Stephenson 241 

List of Mkmber^ 243 

(828)